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Pelita Perkebunan
Published by Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia
ISSN : 02150212     EISSN : 24069574     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebuna
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Pelita Perkebunan, Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal (CCRJ): ISSN:0215-0212 Since its establishment in 1911, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI) formerly Besoekisch Proefstation, had published its research findings through a journal call Mededelingen van het Besoekisch Proefstation. Between 1948-1981 the research institute was under the supervision of Bogor Research Institute for Estate Crops, and published its research findings through De Bergcultures which was later changed to Menara Perkebunan. Since the institute held the national mandate for coffee and cocoa commodities, and due to rapid increase in the research findings, ICCRI published its first issue of Pelita Perkebunanjournal in April 1985. Pelita Perkebunanis an international journal providing rapid publication of peer-reviewed articles concerned with coffee and cocoa commodities based on the aspects of agronomy, plant breeding, soil science, crop protection, postharvest technology and social economy. Papers dealing with result of original research on the above aspects are welcome, with no page charge. Pelita Perkebunan is managed by Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), which publish the research findings not only for coffee and cocoa but also other commodities relevant with coffee and cocoa, i.e. shade trees, intercrops and wind breakers.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 402 Documents
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Morphological Characterization and Identification of Coffea liberica Callus of Somatic Embryogenesis Propagation. Fitria Ardiyani
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 31 No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v31i2.168

Abstract

Compared with other types of coffee, Liberica coffee is more difficult to be propagates using clonal methods. Meanwhile, demand for planting materials and consumption of this type of coffee is increasing lately. The objective of this paper is to present results of the work on morpological characterization of Liberica coffee (Coffea liberica) callus produced by somatic embryogenesis propagation. This research used C. liberica Arruminensis clone. This clone was one of Liberica coffee clones which had superior taste. Main activitis carried out in this experiment were explant sterilization, explant induction and histological analysis on the callus produced. The result of this research showed that non embryogenic callus was higher (72%) than embryogenic callus (28%). The callus description can be used to identify type and characteristic of the callus. Therefore, it can be a parameter to choose type of callus for propagation material. This is important because choosing the right callus is determine of the succesfully process of Liberica somatic embryogenesis. Keywords: somatic embryogenesis, Liberica, embryogenic, non-embryogenic
Identification and Mapping of Readiness of Micro and Small Coffee Industry Cluster Development Lya Aklimawati; Djoko Soemarno; Surip Mawardi
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 31 No 3 (2015)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v31i3.169

Abstract

Cluster development of micro and small-scaled coffee industry is an effortto improve the economy of community by utilizing local resources. This studywas aimed to identify phase of cluster growth through determinant factors ofindustrial cluster growth; to assess a linkage between economy players in theindustrial cluster; and to identify strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat incoffee industry development. This research was carried out in Sumberwringin,Bondowoso District, East Java. Survey method through direct observation andinterviews were conducted in this study. Data collected included primary andsecondary data. Number of respondents were 25 industry players selected byjudgement sampling method. The data were analyzed by exploratory descriptivewith content analysis method. This research concluded that industrial clusterstudied was still in phase of formation and initiative (embryo) and its growthpattern followed Pattern III. Interrelationship between core industries has notbeen established, while linkage between core industries and supporting industrieshad already well-established. Strength and opportunity in coffee industrydevelopment included raw materials availability, market segment growth. Smalland micro enterprises credit facility, supporting facility, and labor availability.Constraints and threat faced by coffee industry included limited market access,in adequate machineries, limited working capital, raw materials quality, inconsistentproduct quality, credit claim, and competitors.
Application of Marketing Mix in Home Industry: Focussed on Micro and Small-Scale Coffee Industries Lya Aklimawati; Djoko Soemarno; Surip Mawardi
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 32 No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v32i1.170

Abstract

Differences  in  marketing  strategies  with  other  industries  are  needed  to maintain  business  sustainability  especially  for  facing  fierce  market  competition. This  research  was  aimed  to  identify  a  marketing  mix  implemented  in  micro  and small  scale  coffee  industries,  and  to  identify  external  factors  that  affected  business sustainability.  This  study  was  carried  out  in  Sumberwringin  Sub-district, Bondowoso  District,  East  Java.  Respondents  of  this  study  were  25  coffee  industry players  selected  by  using  judgement  sampling  method.  Primary  and  secondary data  were  collected  in  this  study.  Data  were  analyzed  with  descriptive-qualitative method  and  interactive  analysis.  The  results  showed  that  micro  and  small-scale coffee industries was still implementing conventional  marketing pattern. The marketing mix  which  applied  in  coffee  industry,  were  (a)  the  product  mix  was  not  persistent that  depended  on  consumer  demand;  (b)  selling  price  of  product  was  determined from  cost  production  and  profit  margins;  (c)  distribution  was  conducted  with active  and  passive  marketing  particularly  based  on  customer  orders;  (d)  promotion mix  was  implemented  by  direct  marketing,  personal  selling,  and  word  of  mouth. Micro-environments of the marketing affecting micro and small-scale coffee industries were: (a) customers as main target market  in form  of consumer markets and  alternative target  market  as  re-seller  markets;  (b)  high  intensity  competition  as  a  result of  large  number of  competitors  and  lack  of  product  diversification;  (c)  many  raw material suppliers, but expensive  input  production  cost; (d) there was no a marketing partnership  with  marketer  agent/other  partner,  but  it  had  strategic  partnership with  supplier  and  government;  (e)  government  policies  on  product  development and  marketing  had  been  implemented  by  facilitating  exhibition  activity,  processing equipment,  and  training.
Relationship between Physiological Characteristic and Bean Quality on Some Cocoa Clones (Theobroma cacao L.) Indah Anita Sari; Fakhrusy Zakariyya; Agung Wahyu Susilo
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 31 No 3 (2015)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v31i3.171

Abstract

Photosynthesis is one of the physiological process that influence the bean weight and this process related with the efectiveness of the stomata character and chlorophyll content in the leaves. The research was conducted at Kaliwining Research Station, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute. Design of experiment was randomized complete block design (RCBD) consisted of six clones as treatment were Sulawesi 1, Sulawesi 2, Sca 6, ICS 60, TSH 858, ICCRI 03, PA 300. Each treatment was replicated three times.  Stomata resistance diffusion, tranpiration,the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll total (a+b), bean number and bean weight were observed. The resuts  of experiment showed that  difference in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll total (a+b), stomata resistance diffusion, bean number and bean weight existed within  six clones tested. Transpiration rate did not show the significantly different between six clones tested. Sulawesi 1 showed the highest content of chlorophyll a and  ICS 60 and ICCRI 03 showed higher content of chlorophyll b than the other clones. Chlorophyll a, b and total (a+b) showed positively influence on bean number and bean weight. Transpiration rate had negatively influence to bean number per pod, on the otherhand it showed positively influence to bean weight. Chlorophyll total (a+b) showed high genetic variance (σg2), high phenotypic variance (σf2)  and high estimated value of heritability (H).  The chlorophyll a,b had moderate genetic variance, moderate phenotypic variance and high of estimated value of heritability.  Chlorophyll total (a+b) could be used a selection criteria based on the value of correlation, genetic variance, phenotypic variance and estimated value of heritability would give high opportunity in selection process. 
Yield Performance of Locally Selected Cocoa Clones in North Luwu Agung Wahyu Soesilo; Indah Anita Sari; Imran .
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 31 No 3 (2015)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v31i3.172

Abstract

Participatory selection in North Luwu District selected some locally cocoa clones, of which MCC 01 and MCC 02 the most promising to be developed as clonal material. This research has objectives to observe the stability performance of yield of these clones that enable be characterized of the potency as the basis for recommendation. Observation were carried out in 35 selected-farms be differentiated according to clone’s type, namely MCC 01, MCC 02 and Sulawesi 01 (control) and the year of planting (age). These farms were establised at the main area of cocoa in North Luwu. The assessed variables were the number of pod, yield components, the resistance to cocoa pod borer (CPB), vascular-streak dieback (VSD) and phytophthora pod rot (PPR). Data were recorded through 20 sampled-trees per farm in the period of April 2013 to April 2014 with monthly basis assessment. Data were analyzed refer to Eberhart & Russel method to perform stability parameters of the yield. The results indicate that these clones stable performing yield potency among plant age. MCC 01 and MCC 02 performed yield potency in amount of 3,682 kg/ha and 3,132 kg/ha respectively higher than Sulawesi 01 of 2,772 kg/ha. Evaluation of the resistance, MCC 01 having moderate resistance to CPB and VSD and resistance to PPR, however MCC 02 having resistance to CPB, VSD and PPR. Referring to the potency thus MCC 01 and MCC 02 were legally recommended as clonal material for farmers, restricted at the agroclimatic area similar to the condition in North Luwu.
Existence of entomopathogen fungi, Beauveria bassiana as an endophyte in cacao seedlings Endang Sulistyowati; Febrilia Nur AINI
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 31 No 3 (2015)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v31i3.173

Abstract

Beauveria bassiana is one of the entomopathogen fungi which is known as biological control agent of cocoa pod borer and cocoa mirids (Helopeltis spp.). Because of its effectiveness in the fields is still not consistent, so we conduct a research with the objective to know the possibility of Beauveria bassiana to be established as a endophyte. Various fungal entomopathogens have already been reported as endophytes and the various methods used to inoculate the plants with B. bassiana were partially effective. The research has been conducted in laboratory of Plant Protection, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute by inoculating of cocoa seeds and cocoa nursery with B. bassiana suspension.  The trial was arranged  by randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement. The factor were spore concentration of B. bassiana (0; 2; and 4 g/ 10 l) and cocoa varieties (family of ICS 60, TSH858, and hybrid). The trial were use  four replications. The results showed that the fungal entomopathogen B. bassiana was established as an endophyte in cocoa seedling, both from cocoa seeds and nursery application. Percentage of existence of B. bassiana colonies as endophytes one month after seeds application were ICS 60 amounted to 93.3 % both on concentration treatments, while the families of TSH 858 by 80 % and 86.67 % respectively in 2 g and 4 g per 10 l of B. bassiana spores concentration treament.. The lowest percentage was in hybrids, which amounted to 66.67% and 50%. B. bassiana colonies was exixtence as an endophyte in culture from root, stem and leaves of cocoa seedling up to 5 months post inoculation. While the application on nursery by soil drenshing, leaf spraying, and stem injection , it was known that B. bassiana colonies were found in the tissues of leaves, stems, and roots until two months after application. Colonies of B. bassiana as endophytes still exsist until six weeks after nursery was planted in the field. 
Influence of Quality Improvement Activities and Direct Selling Through Mediated Partnership Model on Supply Chain, Farm-Gate Price and Indonesian Households Specialty Coffee Farmers’ Income Diany Faila Sophia Hartatri
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 32 No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v32i1.175

Abstract

The low farm-gate price of agricultural commodities is commonly caused by low quality and complicated value chain. Quality improvement and direct selling through Mediated Partnership Model (Motramed) are conducted to increase farm-gate price and bargaining power of smallholder farmers. In Indonesia, Motramed has been applied in several coffee producing regions, such as Flores, Kintamani and East Java. This research aimed to understand the influence of quality improvement and direct selling activities through Motramed on market chain, farm-gate price and household coffee farmers’ income in Indonesia. This research was conducted in Kintamani in 2013. This research also used farm-gate data in several specialty coffee producing regions, including Flores (Bajawa and Ruteng), Kintamani and East Java that collected during 2010 and 2011. I incorporated both quantitative and qualitative research methods to explore and analyse the data. Household farmer survey, semi-structured interview with coffee stakeholders including farmers, collectors, exporters, government officials and NGOs; and field observation were used for collecting the data. The research shows that quality improvement activity in the farm level and direct selling through Motramed has
Assessing Genetic Diversity Cocoa (Theobroma cacaoL.) Collection Resistant to Cocoa Pod Borer Using Simple Sequence Repeat Markers Agung Wahyu Susilo; Dapeng Zhang; Lambert Motilal
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 29 No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v29i1.186

Abstract

Breeding  for  cocoa  pod  borer  (CPB)  resistance  on  cocoa  was  initiated  by selecting  the  resistant  genotypes  through  cocoa  farm  in  the  endemic  area.  For breeding  purpose  the  collected  genotypes  should  be  assessed  for  their  diversity  in  constructing  appropriate  mating  design.  This  research  has  objective  to assess  genetic  diversity  of  the  exploratory  collection  using  DNA  fingerprinting. The  tested  clones  were  25  exploratory  collections  compared  to  the  references  of seven  international  clones  from  International  Cocoa  Genebanks,  Trinidad  and12 national clones. DNA of the tested clones was sequenced using 15 SSR markers at Sustainable Perennial Crop Laboratory of Beltsville Agriculture Research Center.Data of  fingerprinting were analyzed  using  GenAlEx program  to  perform number of  alleles,  observed   heterozygosity  (Ho),  expected  heterozygosity  (He)  and genetic  distance.  The  tested  clones  performed  high  genetic  diversity  with  the number  of  alleles  was  98  (6.53  per  locus)  compared  to  the  national  clones  andinternational clones were  95 (6.33 per locus) and 86 (5.73 per locus), respectively. The  observed  heterozygosity  of  the  tested  clones  (Ho  = 0.63)  was  higher  thannational  clones  (Ho  =  0.60)  and  international  clones  (Ho  =  0.49)  then  supported by  the  expected  heterozygosity  (He)  of  the  tested  clones  (He  =  0.71)  also  highin  equal  value  with  international  clones  (He  =  0.74).  Cluster  analysis  grouped the  tested  clones  to  three  main  genetic  groups,  namely  Trinitario,  Forastero  and unidentified  group.  The  CPB-resistant  clones  of  ARDACIAR  10  and  KW  397 were clustered in different group that indicate a far distance of their genetic background.Key words:Genetic diversity, cocoa, CPB resistance, simple sequence repeat marker.
Evaluation of Quantity and Hyperhydricity of Cocoa Somatic Embryo Obtained from Solid Culture, Liquid Culture, and Sequence Subculture Sulistyani Pancaningtyas
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 29 No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v29i1.187

Abstract

Research  aimed  to  study  the  effect  of  solid  culture,  liquid  culture,  and sequence  subculture  on  quantity  and  hyperhydricity  of  somatic  embryo  wascarried  out  at  Laboratory  of  Biotechnology,  Indonesian  Coffee  and  Cocoa Research  Institute.  Materials  used  in  this  study  were  embryogenic  callitransferred  on  somatic  embryos  expression  both  in  solid  and  liquid  media with  the  same  media  composition,  namely  MS  medium  with  the  addition  ofAdenine  (0.025  mg/L).  Gelling  agent  used  in  solid  media  was  gelrite  (3  g/L). Clones used in this study was Sca 6. This research consisted of two trials, namely1)  effect  of  medium  type  (solid  and  liquid),  and  2)  sequence  subculture  (four subcultures).  This  results  showed  that  the  production  of  somatic  embryosin  liquid  medium  was  higher  than  in  the  solid  medium.  Regeneration  of somatic  embryos  on  solid  medium  culture  showed  the  highest  percentage  of abnormality  embryos  due  to  hyperhydricity  at  the  cotyledonary  phase  60%. Meanwhile,  the  regeneration  of  somatic  embryos  in  liquid  culture  showed the  highest  percentage  of  abnormality  embryos  due  to   hyperhydricity  at the  globular  and  cotyledonary  phase  37%.  Frequent  subculture  increased abnormal embryos  and  decreased  the  number of  somatic  embryos.Key words: Cacao, hyperhydricity,  somatic embryos,  solid  culture,  liquid  culture,  subculture,  in  vitro.
Cocoa Canopy Replacement to Increase Productivity and Plant Resistance to Vascular Streak Dieback Teguh Iman Santoso; Adi Prawoto; Sudarsianto Sudarsianto
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 29 No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v29i1.188

Abstract

Canopy  replacement  with  vascular  streak dieback  (VSD) resistant  clones is  expected  to  reduce  VSD  infestation  by  reducing  space  of  Oncobasidiumtheobromae infection,  and  to  increase  cocoa  yield.  This  experiment  was carried  out  in  endemic  areas  of  VSD  in  Kaliwining  Experimental  Station  of ICCRI  and  Kendenglembu  estate.  Canopy  replacement  technique  in  Kendenglembu  was  done  by  side  cleft  grafting  on  primary  branches  and  top  grafting on  plagiotropic  branches  of  primary  branches.  Number  of  grafted  shoots per  plant,  i.e.  1,  2,  3,  4,  5  and  6  was  used  as  treatments  using  Sca  6  and Sulawesi  1.  The  12  treatments  were  arranged  in  randomized  complate  block design,  each  treatment  replicated  6  times  and  10  plants  per  treatment.  Growth of  shoot,  canopy  coverage  and  development  of  VSD  incidence  were  the  main variables.  In  Kaliwining,  side  cleft  grafting  was  applied  at  1.5  m  above  soilsurface  using  Sulawesi  1  and  Sca  6  clones  as  the  scion  and  TSH  858  and ICS  60  clones  as  rootstocks.  VSD  intensity  was  observed  by  scoring  method. Cocoa  yield  was  the  main  variable.  The  result  showed  that  both  techniques caused  similar  growth  rate  of  the  shoots.  The  rate  of  canopy  covering  by resistant  clones  reduced  VSD  infestation  following  Y  =  -0.7848X  +  69.324 (R²  =  0.995)  equation.  Three  resistant  shoots  per  tree  was  effective  in  reducing  VSD  infestation.  Four  years  after  grafting  were  bean  yield  by  using Sulawesi  1  was  434%  over  control  while  360%  yield  for  Sca  6  compared  to average  control  of  ungrafted  plants  of  ICS  60  and  TSH  858.  Polyphenol content of both resistant clones was higher than that on susceptible ones, however transfer  mechanism  of  that  substance  to  the  susceptible  stocks  is  still  unknown. It  is  concluded  that  canopy  replacement  using  productive  and  resistant  clones is  considered  to  be  an  effective  method  to  overcome  VSD  problem  and  to improve  cocoa  yield. Key words:Theobroma cacao, vascular streak dieback, canopy replacement, yield.

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