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INDONESIA
Pelita Perkebunan
Published by Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia
ISSN : 02150212     EISSN : 24069574     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebuna
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Pelita Perkebunan, Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal (CCRJ): ISSN:0215-0212 Since its establishment in 1911, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI) formerly Besoekisch Proefstation, had published its research findings through a journal call Mededelingen van het Besoekisch Proefstation. Between 1948-1981 the research institute was under the supervision of Bogor Research Institute for Estate Crops, and published its research findings through De Bergcultures which was later changed to Menara Perkebunan. Since the institute held the national mandate for coffee and cocoa commodities, and due to rapid increase in the research findings, ICCRI published its first issue of Pelita Perkebunanjournal in April 1985. Pelita Perkebunanis an international journal providing rapid publication of peer-reviewed articles concerned with coffee and cocoa commodities based on the aspects of agronomy, plant breeding, soil science, crop protection, postharvest technology and social economy. Papers dealing with result of original research on the above aspects are welcome, with no page charge. Pelita Perkebunan is managed by Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), which publish the research findings not only for coffee and cocoa but also other commodities relevant with coffee and cocoa, i.e. shade trees, intercrops and wind breakers.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 402 Documents
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Structure and labor use pattern among cocoa farmers in Ondo State, Nigeria Oladokun, Yetunde Olasimbo Mary; OLUYOLE, kayode AKANNI; Oladipo, Akinpelu Ayodele
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol. 39 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v39i3.548

Abstract

Human labour is about the only main source of labour available to smallholder farmers in Nigeria. Smallholder farmers contribute over 85% of domestic agricultural output in Nigeria, hence, human labour accounts for the domestic food supply in Nigeria. Therefore, the need to continue supplying food for the ever-growing Nigerian population anchors on human labour productivity. In Nigerian agriculture, hired labour is predominantly used. Human labour plays a very significant role in agricultural development, especially in developing countries where technological development is still very low. In view of the importance of labour in agricultural production, this study was designed to investigate the structure and use pattern of farm labour in the study area. The study was carried out in Ondo state, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to collect data from 160 farmers. After sorting for missing data, 144 cocoa farmers’ data were used for analysis in this study. Seventy-five percent of the total respondents were above 50 years of age and about 25.01% of the total respondents were 50 years and below. The majority (79.17%) of the farmers were men. Also, 75.07% of the respondents had a formal level of education. In the study contract type of labour is majorly used for most activities in cocoa farming while cooperative labour was seldom used. Activities such as land clearing (75.0%), planting (83.32%), weeding (95.83%), application of chemicals (91.67%), removal of mistletoes (87.50%), harvesting of cocoa pods (87.50%), conveyance of cocoa pods to the pod breaking point (95.83%), breaking of cocoa pods (100%) and conveyance of cocoa beans to the point of fermentation (88.33%) were majorly carried out by contract labour. Male labour was mostly utilized for all the activities as indicated by most farmers. Female labour was sparingly utilized for some activities such as land clearing (8.33%), planting (0%), application of chemicals (8.33%), spraying of chemicals (4.17%), removal of mistletoes (0%) and harvesting of cocoa pods (12.5%). The study recommended that funds should be made available to farmers to engage in contract labour and also there should be the need to use equipment and machinery to reduce drudgery.
Morphological and Molecular Identification of Helopeltis Species on Cocoa from Kaliwining Experimental Station, Jember, Indonesia Aldini, Gracia Melsiana; Rahma, Anisa Aulia; Budiman, Aris
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol. 39 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v39i2.552

Abstract

Severe crop loss of cocoa in Indonesia has long been reported to be caused by Helopeltis. It has been noted that cocoa and Helopeltis have existed in Kaliwining Experimental Station of Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), Jember, Indonesia, for about 100 years, and the species have developed during that time. Our study aimed for examining the Helopeltis species that attacked cocoa in this experimental station both morphologically, morphometrically, and molecularly and to compare the species with the one attacking cocoa in Java and Nusa Tenggara, preserved at the GenBank. Helopeltis was sampled from infested cocoa pods collected representatively from cocoa at the Kaliwining ES and then reared in the Crop Protection Laboratory of ICCRI. Adults of Helopeltis laboratory-reared insects were identified, 30 females 30 males were selected. Weexamined the morphology and morphometry of the samples, and their identifica tion was based on an insect identification key. Morphometry measurement of male and female body parts includes body length, antenna segments, head, eyes, collar, wing, tibia, and femur. In addition, the molecular identification of Helopeltissp. was made through DNA extraction, amplification, and sequence analysis of DNA target regions using the COI part of mitochondrial DNA. External morphological identification, supported by morphometry of the Helopeltis specimen from Kaliwning, the white bands on all femora, body length, and the ratio of the firstantennal segment to the posterior width of the pronotum suggested that the insect belongs to Helopeltis bradyi. Similarly, molecular identification using PCR amplification through specific primers from COI gene sequences confirmed that Helopeltis specimens from Kaliwining are classified as Helopeltis bradyi.
Cocoa agroforestry systems and yield dynamics within the Offinso Municipality of Ghana. Quainoo-Mensah, Florence; Afele, John Tennyson; Gorleku, David Ofoe
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol. 39 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v39i2.553

Abstract

Cocoa production remains an important player in Ghana’s economy. Over the years, there has been a shift from the traditional cocoa agroforestry system to full-sun cocoa production. Due to extreme exposure to high temperatures, sunlight and drought, the photosynthetic mechanism of cocoa is altered, reducing yield.Cocoa agroforestry provides economic, social, and ecological benefits and plays subsistence functions such food and fuelwood. The study was carried out to assess cocoa agroforestry systems based on shade and its effect on yield in the Offinso Municipality of Ghana. The study aimed to identify the types of cocoa agroforestry systems based on shade, determine the factors affecting cocoa agroforestry systems and assess the impact of shade regime on cocoa yield in the municipality. Purposively cocoa farmers were randomly and were adminis-tered with questionnaires. The study revealed that farmers in the Offinso Municipality practice all types of cocoa agroforestry systems (full sun, low shade, medium shade, and heavy shade). The cultivation of cocoa under medium shade (15–18 trees ha-1) proved to be beneficial and essential for the long-term production ofcocoa. The medium-shade cocoa recorded a higher average yield of 1576 kg ha-1. Six common shade trees identified include Terminalia superba (ofram), Ricinodendron heudelotii (wawa) and Chlorophora excelsa (odum). Some challenges faced as a result of practicing the cocoa agroforestry system were pest infestationand diseases such as that of the black pod. Cocoa agroforestry still holds the key to sustainable future outputs in cocoa production as it drives the realization of SDG goal 13 (climate action). There is therefore the need to educate farmers on managing their farms with trees for optimum ecological and economic benefits.
Rootstock, scion, and microbiome contributions to cadmium mitigation in five Indonesian cocoa cultivars. Schmidt, Jennifer Elise; Dorman, Mikael; Ward, Andrew; Firl, Alana
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol. 39 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v39i3.555

Abstract

Reducing levels of heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) in cacao beans has become an important priority for cacao production in Indonesia. Current mitigation strategies revolve around breeding and the use of soil ameliorants, and in the future, the soil microbiome may also have the potential to reduce Cd bioavailability and uptake by cacao trees. However, there remains a need for locally specific recommendations for low-Cd-accumulating cacao cultivars and knowledge of native beneficial bacteria and fungi. In a greenhouse study using field soil supplemented with Cd, five cacao clones (MCC02, M01, S1, S2, and ICCRI 9) were grafted in a fully factorial design to the same hybrid half sibling rootstocks, plant uptake was measured before and after the addition of cadmium nitrate, and rhizosphere microbial communities were characterized. Rootstock, scion, and graft combinations all significantly affected plant Cd levels, but the ranking of clones differed between low and high Cd soils. Twenty-six bacterial taxa and one fungal taxon were associated with Cd uptake. These results highlight the continued importance of breeding as a cadmium mitigation strategy and support the potential for the soil microbiome to contribute to reducing cadmium uptake in cacao.
Variability of factors influencing coffee export performance in Indonesia. Yanuarti, Rizky; Widjaya, Dani
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol. 39 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v39i3.556

Abstract

Abstract Empirical evidence is lacking on the nexus between coffee commodity output and commodity price volatility of developing countries especially during pandemic era. The most visible impact from an economic perspective is the change of price expectation on people's basic needs which are in line with the decline of economic growth in Indonesia. This has significant implications, particularly considering the important role of coffee in supporting the country's economy. The aim of this study is to examine the factors that influence the performance of coffee exports in Indonesia. The novelty of this study lay on the used national dataset within the range of 20 years (2000-2020) and including the pandemic effect on coffee sector performance. We examines the relationship between variables and coffee exports in Indonesia using unit root tests, cointegration analysis, and an Error Correction Model (ECM). The results show that coffee exports, total area, coffee production, coffee price, gross national income, and coffee imports have significant influences on coffee exports. The variables of total area and coffee production impact coffee exports negatively in the long term, while coffee price, gross national income, and coffee imports have mixed effects. In the short term, total area and coffee production significantly affect coffee exports, while coffee prices and gross national income show no significant impact. Coffee imports have a significant negative influence on coffee exports in the short term. These findings contribute to understanding the dynamics of the coffee industry in Indonesia.
Evaluating the influence of economic aid and land ownership on the reduction in coffee yield and its socioeconomic consequences: A case study of the Akuapem North Municipality, Ghana. Mohammed, Adams Latif; Cobbinah, Joseph; Addai, Frank
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol. 39 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v39i3.561

Abstract

Coffee is a highly valuable tropical agricultural commodity and is the second most traded commodity in the international market after oil. Despite coffee being cultivated in Ghana since the late 18th century, around the same time as cocoa was introduced, cocoa has become the more dominant crop due to coffee's low yield in Ghana. As a result, many farmers have shifted their focus from coffee farming to other crops, particularly cocoa, as it has become the country's primary source of foreign exchange. The purpose of the research was to investigate the impact of the reduction in coffee production on the livelihoods of farmers in the Akuapem North Municipality in the Eastern Region. The study aimed to identify the reasons behind the decline in coffee production as perceived by the farmers, as well as to determine their views on potential solutions to the problem. The purposeful sampling method was used to select two (2) communities, namely Apirede and Tinkong, based on the intensive production of coffee in the municipality. The snowball sampling method was used to select 50 respondents from the two communities. The results showed that most (92%) respondents were males, while the remaining 8% were females, which means a lot of males are into coffee production in the district. The majority (24%) identified inadequate financial assistance from the government and other financial sources as the major cause of the decline in coffee production. The majority (26% each) chose financial assistance from the government and access to credit as a way to improve coffee production. The majority (94%) of the respondents indicated that the decline in coffee production has affected their income. The study established that the government, NGO's, and other financial institutions such as banks or credit institutions in Akuapem North Municipality must take responsibility for granting loans or credit to farmers to address problems of finance encountered in their search to maximize the economic returns of the coffee industry. In addition, the government could also help coffee farmers acquire vast arable lands through clearly defined tenure rights and agreements for land owners and coffee farmers in the Akuapem North Municipality.
Sensory and physicochemical attributes of chocolate soft candy with different gelling agents. Rahman, Taufik; Putri, Siti Khudaifanny Dasa Febrianti Asna
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol. 39 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v39i3.562

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the cocoa-producing countries. One of the modifications of processed cocoa is chocolate soft candy. This study aimed to determine the effect of the type of gelling agent on the sensory and physicochemical characteristics of chocolate soft candy. This study used a completely randomized design with one factor using several gelling agents, namely gelatin, carrageenan, and konjac, with the control being soft candy without adding the gelling agent. The analyses included texture, moisture content, ash content, reducing sugar levels, and sensory evaluation. The results showed that adding several types of gelling agents significantly affected the soft candy produced. The highest moisture content of soft candy was the treatment with 12.26% gelatin. The minor ash content added gelatin of 0.71%, and the highest reducing sugar levels added carrageenan of 10.21%. The highest value of taste and texture parameters is obtained by adding konjac soft candy.
Various roasting characteristics against alteration of antioxidant activity, amino acids content, and flavor of Java Ijen-Raung coffee beans Suud, Hasbi Mubarak
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol. 39 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v39i3.563

Abstract

The coffee roasting keys are temperature and time. Coffee beans have many chemical and physical reactions while the roasting is running. These reactions are characterized by a pattern in the drying and development phases during coffee roasting. This study discussed how roasting affected the characteristics of coffee beans, particularly antioxidant activity and amino acids, and also tried to define the roasting process by describing each roasting phase. The study discussed these characteristics of Java Ijen arabica coffee, which has speciality coffee criteria. The roasting process can increase amino acids and antioxidant activity inside the coffee beans, but the excessive heat and longer duration of roasting can burn the amino acids. Based on this study, the highest antioxidant Activity was found in beans that had been roasted with a total roasting time under 13 minutes, started with charge temperature of 148oC, and released at 190.5oC. The beans that had been roasted with a total duration under 13 minutes, started with charge temperature of 149oC, and released at 184.8oC is the best roasting degree with the highest score on the cup test.
Callus formation of Coffea canephora induced with 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and tomato extract supplements Fahira, Nurul Rifqah; Latunra, Andi Ilham; Johannes, Eva
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol. 39 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v39i3.565

Abstract

Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) is Indonesia's essential leading trade commodity. Robusta coffee is preferred for its bitter taste. However, robusta coffee productivity decreased due to bad agriculture practice. Tissue culture is an alternative to cultivation with various advantages. The plant growth regulators (PGRs) influence tissue culture’s success. Due to its stability, 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid has become a common synthetic PGRs. PGRs can be obtained from natural ingredients, such as tomatoes. This study aimed to analyze the effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and tomato extract addition and its appropriate concentration for callus induction of robusta coffee in vitro. This research was conducted at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University. This study used a Complete Randomized Design with two factors. The first factor was the concentration of tomato extract (0%; 7.5%; 10%; and 12.5%). Meanwhile, the second factor was the concentration of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (0 ppm; 1 ppm; 2 ppm; and 3 ppm). Observation parameters include the percentage of callus formation, callus growing time, callus fresh weight, callus color, and callus texture. The quantitative data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Mann-Whitney Test to compare the effect of each treatment. The results showed that among other treatment combinations, treatment with the addition of 2 ppm 2,4-D and 10% tomato extract (T2D2) and treatment with the addition of 3 ppm 2,4-D and 10% tomato extract (T2D3) had the best effect in inducing the callus of robusta coffee.
Identification of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) genetic uniformity through RAPD molecular markers. Helia Dewi, Nur Afni; Pancaningtyas, Sulistyani; Su’udi, Mukhamad
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol. 39 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v39i3.566

Abstract

Theobroma cacao L. has been propagated through either generative or vegetative techniques. One of the vegetative methods of propagating cocoa is somatic embryogenesis. Somatic embryogenesis has been employed by the Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute for producing cocoa seedlings. Plant breeding activities are hampered by the significant level of plant heterogeneity among their progeny. Mislabelling of genetic impurities can be an issue. Molecular markers can be used to detect genetic variation at an early stage. The most common marker is the RAPD molecular marker. The study aims to determine the polymorphic RAPD primers in the analysis of genetic uniformity between mother plants and the seedlings derived from somatic embryogenesis (SE). The analyzed samples consisted of twelve individuals: six mother plants and six seedlings derived from SE. The results revealed that the percentage of polymorphic bands was 100% with band sizes ranging from 295-2785 bp for primer GY169 while for primer GY107 percentage of polymorphic bands was 80% with band sizes ranging from 345-1678 bp. Primer GY169 and primer GY107 can be amplified and used for cocoa similarity and heterogeneity.

Page 36 of 41 | Total Record : 402

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