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WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

WARTAZOA
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Published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

ISSN : 02166461 EISSN : 23546832 DOI : 10.14334

Core Subject : Health,

Veterinary

WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 0216-6461 E-ISSN: 2354-6832 is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD). The aim of this journal is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of animal and veterinary science. It was first published in 1983. The journal has been registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) prefix 10.14334.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 785 Documents

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Development of Genetic Evaluation on Dairy Cattle Based on Milk Production Indrijani, Heni
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 19, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

This paper is aimed to review the development of genetic evaluation on dairy cattle based on milk production, including recording system, mathematical model of the milk curve, genetic parameters, and genetic model for predicting breeding values. Test day is the best system to record milk yield as it can be used to predict lactation curve and genetic parameters. Ali-Schaeffer curve was the best curve to estimate milk yield (r > 0.99). Fixed and random regression models have been widely used to give more advantages in breeding program. The models are able to analyse the records measured at different stage of lactation, and Â to predict a total breeding value from incomplete and part records. For practically used, fixed regression model (MRT) is suggested because it does not have numerical problem and is easier to be used. Â Key words: Dairy cattle, breeding value, test day, random regression, fixed regression

The Potency and Quality of Goatâs Semen for Technological Application of Artificial Insemination Pamungkas, Fitra Aji
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 19, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The productivity of local goat is still relatively lower compared to that of other breed for sub-tropic area. Efforts for increasing its productivity through crossbreeding with genotypes goat could be approached by technological application of artificial insemination (AI). In supporting this technology, the viability of semen for both quality and quantity is needed. Evaluation of Indonesian goat semen characterisation shows a potency for frozen semen. The survive ability of sperm in fresh semen is very limited therefore reducing the temperature to -5Â°C (chilled semen) or -196Â°C (frozen semen) could be done to maintain its survive ability. Optimalization of frozen semen could be done by diluting in Tris extender with 6% glycerol, equilibrating for 4 hours and cooling for 4 â 5 minutes above surface of LN2 before stored in LN2 (-196Â°C). Thawing at > 7Â°C for 30 seconds resulted in the highest percentage of mortility (52.0%) and survivability (65.03%). Chilled semen is the best alternative for artificial insemination (AI) in the field condition where the supply of container and liquid nitrogen are limited. The survivability of chilled semen could be maintained for 8 days and the highest percentage of pregnancy resulted from chilled semen stored up to 24 â 48 hours.Â Key words : Goat, semen quality, frozen semen, chilled semen, artificial insemination

Biological Nitrogen Fixation on Legume ., Armiadi
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 19, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Nitrogen (N) is one of the major limiting factors for crop growth and is required in adequate amount, due to its function as protein and enzyme components. In general, plants need sufficient nitrogen supply at all levels of growth, especially at the beginning of growth phase. Therefore, the availability of less expensive N resources would reduce the production cost. The increasing Â use Â of Â chemical Â fertilizer Â wouldÂ probably Â disturb Â soil Â microorganisms, Â reduce Â the Â physicalÂ and Â chemical characteristics of soil because not all of N based fertilizer applied can be absorbed by the plants. Approximately only 50% can be used by crops, while the rest will be altered by microorganism into unavailable N for crops or else dissappear in the form of gas. Leguminous crops have the capacity to immobilize N2Â and convert into the available N if innoculated with Rhizobium. The amount of N2 fixed varies depending on legume species and their environment. Â Key words: Nitrogen fixation, legume

The Advantage and Limitation of Agriculture Byproduct and Feeding Strategy Based on Agriculture Byproduct for Beef Cattle ., Mariyono; Krishna, N H
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 19, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Feed supply is getting limited since the use of land for forages has been replaced by building industries big plantation, agriculture. Sustainable integration between animal and food crop and plantation is efficient and gives advantage for both. Rice, cassava soybean, groundnut, palm oil, coconut, coffee, cocoa and sugar cane are food crop and plantation which their byproducts are generallyÂ used or modified/processed for ruminant production. This paper describes optimization on the use of these byproducts to decrease feed cost without ignoring the feed quality. These byproducts have special characteristic and limitation with fluctuated price. Their nutritive values vary and they can be grouped into fiber, fiber-energy, fiber-protein, protein or energy sources. Therefore, special strategy for each location and purpose of livestock industry is required to get an efficient and optimal feed composition. Â Key words: Feed, agriculture byproduct, beef cattle

Clitoria ternatea, The Alternative Shrub Legume for Cattle and Corn Integration System in Timor Island Nulik, Jacob
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 19, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Cattle and maize play important roles in the dryland faming systems in Timor island of East Nusa Tenggara province, contributing Â toÂ the Â farmersâ Â income, Â social Â status, Â and Â the Â regional Â food Â security Â and Â sources Â of Â income. Â However, Â the productivity of both commodities is low because of several problems. Lack of feed supply and management knowledge has contributed to the low cattle productivity, while lack of cultivation knowledge and the use of low productivity local maize have caused low productivity in maize. Farmers in Timor in general do not apply fertilizer to their maize plants, although lack of nitrogen (N) is evident in many of their maize fields. There is potential to improve the available N in the soils through the incorporation of herbaceous legumes, which can supply the nutrient to the soil as well as providing good quality fodders for the cattle. Among the introduced herbaceous legumes tested, Clitoria ternatea (butterfly pea) has shown good performances to be used as an alternative herbaceous legume in the farming system for improving soil fertility and maize production as well as to provide good quality fordder for the cattle. Â Key words: Crop Livestock System, herbaceous legumes, Clitoria ternatea, Timor, nitrogen fixation, maize

Some Pathogenic Bacteria of Livestock Origin as a Cause of Foodborne Diseases Kusumaningsih, Anni
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 20, No 3 (2010)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Food are essentialy required for cell metabolism in human physiologyc. Food should be free from biological, chemical, and physical contamination and also hazardous substances. All of them are able to disrupt physiological homeostatis resulting disorder or diseases. Diseases resulted by those contaminant are called food borne disease. One of the important contaminants is biological contaminant especially pathogenic bacterias. Some pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Bacillus anthracis, Clostridium spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter spp., Vibrio cholerae, Enterobacter sakazakii, Shigella, are able to cause symptomatic diseases. Overall, the general symptoms of the diseases due to pathogenic bacterial infection are gastric pain, nausea, vomit, headache, loss of appetite, fever, and also dehydration. Key words: Pathogenic bacteria, foodborne diseases, food

The Use of Vitrification Method For Cryopreservation of Mammalian Oocyte Pamungkas, Fitra Aji
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 20, No 3 (2010)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Technique cryopreservation of oocyte is a way to storage, maintenance, and guarantee the survival of frozen cells. Vitrification is a cryopreservation method which is increasingly popular in reproduction but it is still difficult to be done because of the size, shape, and numbers of oocytes, as well as osmotic shock and fractures. The efforts to improve the method and technique vitrification are by reducing the concentration of cryoprotectants, increasing the cooling rate and warming, recovery of meiotic spindles, and the time of fertilization. Vitrification solution consist of 15% (v/v) ethylene glycol, 15% (v/v) dimethylsulfoxide or 1,2-propanediol, and 0.5 mol/L sucrose was less toxic. Therefore, at 37Â°C, 2 â 3 minutes are usually used for the pretreatment solution and 20 â 30 seconds for exposure to the vitrification solution. In contrast, at room temperature, 5 â 15 minutes are commonly used for pretreatment and 30 â 60 seconds for exposure to the vitrification solution. Warming procedure is performed by direct immersion of the straw into a water bath. Holding the straw in air for 5 seconds before immersion can avoid bursting or performed warming and dilution at 37Â°C. While the time of fertilization performed at 2 â 3 hours after thawing and incubation for oocyte spindle to recover which is essential for the successful of oocyte cryopreservation program. Key words: Cryopreservation, vitrification, oocyte

Population and Strategy Development in Buffaloes Praharani, Lisa; Juarini, E; Thalib, Chalid; ., Ashari
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 20, No 3 (2010)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Buffalo is a potential large ruminant that its contribution in national program on beef self sufficiency has been unrecognized in Indonesia. In rural community, buffalo has similar functions as cattle, it is used as draught animal, meat (beef) producer, saving, milk producer, sacrificial ritual animal to social status. The peak of buffalo population was on 1925, 3.227 million heads in Java and 1.10 million in outside Java. The centers of cattle production sites for national program of self sufficiency on beef were formly as noted the centers of buffalo production. The introduction of Bali cattle to those former buffalo centers particularly in outside of Java depressed buffalo population and then dominated by Bali cattle. Then Bali cattle were noted to be the major beef animal supplier beside buffalo to the centers of consumers for domestic and export. This article aims to discuss the depleting buffalo population and to formulate development strategy. Historical approaches system and critical evaluation population, SWOT (strength, weaknesses, opportunity and threat) analysis were used as tools for analyzing. Two case studies on herd survival from Banten indicated depleting population of buffalo. Despite low reproductive profile, strategic diseases and farmersâ institution needed to be optimized on services. Understanding criticizing on ecological habitats in the potential regions, the need of spatial planning for its development, zoning program for strategic diseases free, reproductive problems and village institution are the important areas of improvement for buffalo development in supporting beef self sufficiency and the welfare of rural people with their buffalo in sustainable beef production. Key words: Buffalo, population, sustainability, development strategy

The Characteristics of Meat Duck, Problems and Prevention of Off Flavor Due to Lipid Oxidation Matitaputty, Procula R; ., Suryana
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 20, No 3 (2010)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Source of poultry meat in Indonesia is currently dominated by chicken while local resources such as ducks have the potential to grow and be used as an alternative meat producer. Duck contribution towards the provision of a relatively small meat of 2.29%, compared with free-range chicken to reachs 20.33%. Sources of duck meat in Indonesia comes from local duck, and culled female ducks. Acceptance of most local duck meat is still relatively low, although in some areas local duck dishes are excellent. Meat ducks are generally less desirable, because taste and smell is different from chicken. Because consumers are not accustomed to the taste of typical meat, especially those that give the sensation of irregularities off meat â flavor or smell fishy/ rancid. Similarly, the color of duck meat is darker than that of chicken meat, high fat content of about 2.7 to 6.8%, which also influences consumer preferences. The high fat content, especially acid-unsaturated fatty acids in meat duck gives a tendency to produce off â flavors. Efforts to increase the consumption of duck meat should be based on the cause of the lack of acceptance by consumers. The smell of rancid meat duck is the most dominant cause of which is not liked by consumers. Efforts to reduce the off flavor of duck meat could be by adding antioxidant in feed stuffs. Key words: Duck meat, off-flavor, lipid oxidation, antioxidants

The Role of Antioxidant for Improving The Quality of Frozen Semen Rizal, Muhammad; ., Herdis
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 20, No 3 (2010)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The quality of frozen semen will be reduced if high oxidative metabolism activity in semen occurs, due to the formation of free radical compounds causing lipid peroxidation reaction on sperm plasma membrane. Lipid peroxidation occurs due to the exposure of semen to the oxygen during handling. Lipid peroxidation can be prevented by the addition of antioxidant compounds such as vitamin C, vitamin E, glutathione, and b-carotene, in the semen extender. Results of some researches showed that the addition of various antioxidans in extender can improve the quality of frozen semen of various animals. Key words: Antioxidant, free radical, lipid peroxidation, frozen semen

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Indonesian Center for Animal Science Research and Development Jl. Raya Pajajaran Kav E-59 Bogor 16151 Bogor Indonesia

Location
Kota bogor,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA