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Andi Adriansyah
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Sinergi
Published by Universitas Mercu Buana
ISSN : 14102331     EISSN : 24601217     DOI : https://dx.doi.org/10.22441/sinergi
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
SINERGI is a peer-reviewed international journal published three times a year in February, June, and October. The journal is published by Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Mercu Buana. Each publication contains articles comprising high quality theoretical and empirical original research papers, review papers, and literature reviews that are closely related to the fields of Engineering (Mechanical, Electrical, Industrial, Civil, and Architecture). The theme of the paper is focused on new industrial applications and energy development that synergize with global, green and sustainable technologies. The journal registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI). The journal has been indexed by Google Scholar, DOAJ, BASE, and EBSCO.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik (Lain-Lain)
Articles 531 Documents
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Instrumented model slope to investigate the influence of rainfall and slope gradient on matric suction Jelani, Jestin; Ahmad Ishak, Aina Syahirah; Ahmad, Nordila; Suif, Zuliziana; Wan Suhaili, Wan Mohamad Adham Hanis; Ahmad Mazuki, Ahmad Loqman; Supian, Latifah Sarah
SINERGI Vol 29, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2025.2.025

Abstract

Prior researchers indicated that prolonged and heavy rainfalls primarily trigger major landslides in Malaysia. This study was carried out to investigate the influence of rainfall on the matric suction of silty sand slopes through a small-scale model. A 35° and 45° slope (namely EXP1 and EXP2) models were built using soil samples from the former landslide site at Kemensah Heights, Selangor, Malaysia. Two types of sensors were used to measure matric suction and rainfall intensities using Watermarks 200SS Soil Moisture Sensor and Hydreon rain gauge RG-15, respectively. The elapsed time since the beginning of the rainfall was recorded using two cameras placed at the front and side of the slope model to observe progressive failure. The results showed that the initial matric suction with a value of 250 kPa is significantly reduced and approached 0 kPa when the range of cumulative rainfall intensity is between 30 and 36.75 mm/min and 5.25 and 6.75 mm/min recorded by PP1 and PP2 in EXP1 and EXP2, respectively. The results indicate that the reduction in matric suction induced by rainwater infiltration is the triggering mechanism of slope failure. It has also been noticed that rainfall infiltration increases with decreasing slope gradients. However, a small gradient slope requires longer rainfall prior to failure. A slope with a high gradient has a longer time before failure occurs after loss of matric suction than a low slope gradient.
Design of path planning robot simulator by applying sampling based method Suwoyo, Heru; Andika, Julpri; Adriansyah, Andi
SINERGI Vol 29, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2025.2.016

Abstract

This research aims to create a simulator for solving the global path planning of mobile robots. Various sampling-based methods such as Rapidly-exploring Random Tree (RRT), RRT*, and Fast-RRT, along with other derivative algorithms, have been widely used to solve path-planning problems in mobile robots. The level of computational efficiency, path optimality, and the ability to adapt to variant environments are some of the issues that still arise, although these techniques have shown good results in many cases. Although the existing solutions are innovative, comparison between the existing methods is still difficult due to significant differences in convergence speed, implementation complexity, and quality of the resulting paths. This makes choosing the most suitable method for a particular application difficult. The simulator uses sampling-based path planning algorithms such as RRT*, Fast RRT*, RRT*-Smart, informed-RRT*, and Honey Bee Mating Optimization-based Fast-RRT*. With this simulator, users can easily compare the performance of each algorithm and see the characteristics and efficiency of each algorithm in various situations. By running all methods through this simulator, the user can easily compare the methods based on convergence speed and optimality. Therefore, it will effectively help users understand robot navigation, improve the quality of learning, and promote the development of path-planning technology for mobile robots.
An intelligent approach for detection and classification of security attacks in a Passive Optical Network using Light Gradient Boosting Machine Bibi, Sumayya; Zulkifli, Nadiatulhuda; Iqbal, Farabi; Iqbal, Sajid; Ramli, Arnidza; Yoon Khang, Adam Wong
SINERGI Vol 29, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2025.3.005

Abstract

Over the past decade, Passive Optical Networks (PONs) have emerged as a leading solution for next-generation broadband access, providing high-speed and cost-effective communication. However, PONs face significant security challenges, including data interception, denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, and resource exhaustion caused by malicious Optical Network Units (ONUs). Machine learning (ML), particularly advanced models like Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), has proven to be a promising solution for managing complex security issues in PONs. Leveraging its ability to handle imbalanced, high-dimensional datasets, LightGBM was employed in this study to detect and classify malicious ONUs based on bandwidth usage patterns. The model achieved an impressive accuracy of 95.27%, a Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) of 90%, and a precision rate of 93%. While traditional classifiers, such as Naïve Bayes (NB), achieved an accuracy of 88.53%, LightGBM demonstrated superior robustness in addressing class imbalance and enhancing detection accuracy. This work highlights the potential of LightGBM in enhancing PON security and enabling intelligent, resilient broadband networks.
Driver assistance collision warning system using a LIDAR sensor with kinematics and perception algorithms Susanto, Willi Immanuel; Nasution, Henry; Sofianti, Tanika Dewi
SINERGI Vol 29, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2025.3.003

Abstract

Road accidents remained a significant global concern, causing loss of life and economic damage. To mitigate this issue, the automotive industry has increasingly invested in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems to enhance vehicle safety. This research presented a Driver Assistance Collision Warning System that incorporated kinematics and perception algorithms to improve collision prevention. The system utilized a LIDAR sensor to capture real-time data regarding the distance to the vehicle in front of it. This data was integrated with an Arduino microcontroller to compute the relative speed and time of collision. Upon detecting a collision risk, the system triggered a warning mechanism, which included an audible alert provided by a buzzer and a visual warning displayed on the head-up display. The system integrated kinematics algorithms, which processed sensor-read values to generate real-time decisions utilizing a specific threshold time to collision, and perception algorithms relied on Fuzzy Logic to handle uncertainty and improve accuracy. Validation was conducted through integration, system, and acceptance testing, demonstrating reliable synchronization of algorithms and accurate operation in real-world environments. The results showed that the system achieved a collision risk detection accuracy of ±5 cm within five different environmental factors. These findings confirmed the system's potential as a reliable solution for real-world collision prevention. 
Experimental investigation of HHO blending in combustion engine performance Martin, Awaludin; Hidayatullah, Abda; Ginting, Yogie Rinaldy; Sari, Annisa Wulan
SINERGI Vol 29, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2025.3.006

Abstract

The transition to renewable energy sources has become increasingly critical due to the adverse effects of greenhouse gas emissions. One alternative to reducing fossil fuel dependence is hydrogen. Hydrogen technology can be integrated into internal combustion engines without major design modifications. This study investigates the effects of HHO gas blending on engine performance under varying brake load conditions. The carburetor was modified to allow HHO gas from electrolysis to enter the combustion chamber. The results indicate that HHO blending led to a 4.9% increase in brake power, a 1.66% improvement in thermal efficiency, and a 3% reduction in brake-specific energy consumption (BSEC). Additionally, among different potassium hydroxide (KOH) concentrations, the 30% wt solution exhibited the lowest power consumption for electrolysis.
Heat transfer and pressure characteristics of Tri Ethylene Glycol/water and Ethylene Glycol/water mixtures in copper pipe heated flow systems Sukarman, Sukarman; Khoirudin, Khoirudin; Amir, Amir; Fahrizin, Nazar; Azizah, Renata Lintang; Azizah, Azizah; Setiyo, Muji; Azmi, W. H.
SINERGI Vol 29, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2025.3.001

Abstract

Enhancing heat transfer efficiency and pressure regulation in copper pipe flow systems is crucial for advancing modern cooling and heating technologies, particularly given the widespread use of copper piping in these applications. This study investigates the thermal and hydraulic performance of ethylene glycol/water (EG/water) and tri ethylene glycol/water (TEG/water) mixtures as working fluids in copper pipe systems. A series of controlled experiments was carried out on a dedicated copper pipe test section to evaluate the effects of varying flow rates on the heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop for each fluid mixture. The results indicate that the TEG/water mixture yielded a ~2.0% increase in heat transfer coefficient and a ~1.0% reduction in pressure drop compared to the EG/water mixture, with a corresponding increase in Reynolds number of approximately 37.0%. The reduction in pressure drop is primarily attributed to the lower viscosity of the TEG/water fluid. These findings provide valuable comparative insights into the thermophysical behaviour of both glycol-based mixtures and offer practical guidance for optimizing the selection of thermal fluids in large-scale cooling and heating systems that utilize copper piping.
Design and evaluation of a TEG-PV hybrid energy system for sustainable offshore oil and gas operations using PVsyst simulation Hilmi, Erik; Yandri, Erkata; Uhanto, Uhanto; Saiful, Rifki; Lodewijk, Dewi Putriani Yogosara; Ariati, Ratna
SINERGI Vol 29, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2025.3.007

Abstract

The rising demand for sustainable offshore oil and gas operations has accelerated the need for efficient, low-emission energy systems. Conventional fossil fuel-based systems significantly contribute to greenhouse gas emissions, underscoring the need for innovative alternatives. This study proposes and evaluates a hybrid energy system that integrates thermoelectric generators (TEGs) and photovoltaic (PV) panels to enhance energy efficiency, reduce emissions, and improve the sustainability of offshore operations. The system design utilizes both manual calculations and simulations, employing PVsyst software, to evaluate performance metrics. Results show that the TEG + PV hybrid system improves energy efficiency and reduces carbon emissions by approximately 40% compared to traditional fossil fuel systems. TEGs utilize waste heat from natural gas combustion, while PV panels capture solar energy, creating a synergistic effect that significantly reduces environmental impact. This hybrid configuration also aligns with emission reduction regulations in the oil and gas sector. Beyond environmental benefits, the hybrid system offers economic advantages. Fuel consumption and operational costs are notably reduced, with total savings in capital and operational expenditures (CAPEX and OPEX) reaching IDR 2.53 billion. These savings demonstrate the system’s financial viability and support its adoption in real-world offshore applications. In conclusion, the integration of TEG and PV technologies into a hybrid energy system offers a practical and sustainable solution for offshore oil and gas operations. The system achieves emission reduction targets, enhances operational efficiency, and delivers cost savings, thereby supporting the industry's transition toward more environmentally responsible energy practices.
Port perspectives in a changing climate: strategies for enduring impact Tugi, Astina; Mohamad Abdullah, Nazirah; Md Din, Ami Hassan; Md Said, Najhan; Ismail, Badrul Hisham
SINERGI Vol 29, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2025.3.002

Abstract

More than 50% of the world's trade happens via seaborne line. The sustainability of the ports is crucial as it boosts economic growth. However, climate change and its effects have disturbed the port's activities. This paper highlighted the possibility of climate change effects threatening some ports worldwide. A systematic literature review has been conducted, and 11 resources have been used to summarize their impact on port activities. The climate change effects encountered by the ports and their authorities' adaptation measures are underlined. Ports worldwide are considered. As a result, sea level rise (SLR), storm surges, and flooding are some threats that can affect port activities. Adaptation and mitigation plans can be more successfully implemented with excellent knowledge of the factors leading to increased exposure. From the port expansion to creating a new location of ports, the other mitigation and adaptation plan towards the sustainable ports is by providing an accurate topographic map, a good simulation software, and good resilience infrastructures and adaptation framework. The related ports have suggested and implemented adaptation and mitigation approaches to resolve the problem and sustain their ports and harbour activities. Adaptation and mitigation measures taken will respond to the effects of climate change.
Comprehensive seismic evaluation of existing buildings using ASCE 41-17 standards Rosyidah, Anis; Dinda, Tree Irma; Saputra, Jonathan; Sucita, I Ketut
SINERGI Vol 29, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2025.3.008

Abstract

This study addresses the lack of comprehensive seismic evaluations for eight-story reinforced concrete buildings in high-seismic zones, such as Jakarta, using the ASCE 41-17 standard. The research evaluates the seismic performance of a 35-year-old office building through a tiered analysis approach, including Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3. The study aims to identify structural deficiencies and propose retrofitting measures to meet modern seismic standards. Defects in soft story behavior and overturning stability were among the five and fourteen items in the Tier 1 assessment that showed noncompliance. In Tier 2, linear analysis revealed critical ductility demands, with Demand-to-Capacity Ratios (DCR) exceeding permissible limits in most structural elements. The nonlinear pushover analysis conducted in Tier 3 revealed an insufficient structural capacity to withstand high seismic loads. Maximum inter-story drifts in the X and Y directions were 2.321% and 2.319%, respectively, surpassing Life Safety standards. The findings indicate that the building's seismic performance falls between the Life Safety and Collapse Prevention levels, emphasizing the urgent need for retrofitting to enhance its resilience. This research presents a comprehensive framework for integrating global standards and local seismic conditions to enhance the safety and performance of existing structures in high-risk areas.
A review of rock slope failures in Malaysia: Exploring types, cases, causes, and consequences Mohd Taha, Aidatul Izana; Mohamad Abdullah, Nazirah
SINERGI Vol 29, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2025.3.004

Abstract

Rock slope failures remain a significant concern in regions of Malaysia with varying geological formations. This review examines the challenges posed by these incidents and addresses key knowledge gaps. By providing a comprehensive, multidisciplinary analysis of case studies, technological advancements, climate influences, disaster management, and socio-economic impacts, it offers valuable insights for researchers, engineers, and policymakers. It examines key failure types, including rock falls, slides, avalanches, and general failures, through notable case studies such as Bukit Lanjan (Selangor), Kinta Valley (Perak), and Mount Kinabalu (Sabah). A comprehensive methodology framework was employed, utilizing manual search techniques (handpicking, snowballing, citation, and reference tracking) alongside advanced keyword-based searches with Boolean operators in Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. Findings reveal that Malaysian rock slopes are highly susceptible to collapse due to heavy rainfall, human activities, and natural events such as earthquakes. While these factors can act independently, their combined effects significantly amplify failure risks, particularly during intense rainfall. The consequences extend beyond immediate casualties, injuries, and property damage, leading to infrastructure failures, economic disruptions, and environmental degradation. This review underscores the need for sustainable mitigation strategies to address these risks and highlights the urgency of implementing effective solutions to safeguard lives, infrastructure, and ecosystems.

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