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Articles 200 Documents

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Preparation of Chitosan-Fe3O4 Nanoparticles by Ex-Situ Co-Precipitation Using Tripolyphosphate / Sulfate as Crosslinker and Characterization Using XRD Ika Oktavia Wulandari; Akhmad Sabarudin; Djoko Herry Santjojo
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 3, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

Magnetic nanoparticles of Fe3O4 was synthesized in this research by using ex-situ copresipitation method followed by surface modification with crosslinked chitosan along with trypolyphospate (TPP) and sulfate crosslinking agents. The Fe3O4 materials were formed from FeCl2.H2O and FeCl3.6H2O with 1:2 ratio under alkaline condition. Surface modification processes were conducted by mixing chitosan solution with purified Fe3O4 yielding a ferrogel solution as a product. Here, the crosslinker agents, TPP and sulfate, were added to the mixture to make a crosslinking compounds. In these processes, the chitosan-Fe3O4 crystallite size were affected by composition ratio and crosslinking time which will be proven by using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and modified Debye-Scherrer methods. The results showed that, on highest ratios between chitosan and Fe3O4 as well as TPP/sulfate crosslinker, gave the smallest size of crystallite of chitosan-Fe3O4. Furthermore, the more time of crosslinking process caused crystallite size of chitosan-Fe3O4 became much smaller.

Estimated Effective Dose Out of Fields in LINAC Radiotherapy Variant iX in Cervical Cancer Kadek Listuayu; Johan Noor; Bunawas Bunawas
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 3, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

Linac operated at energies above 8 MV can result in photoneutron emissions arising from the interaction between high-energy photons striking the constituent materials such as collimator, the target and the scattering foil. This secondary radiation may increase the risk of secondary cancers and additional radiation dose received in addition to dose of photons. This study estimates the dose out of the field around cervix cancer in the form of an effective dose of neutron and photon. Measurements were carried out using termoluminescence (TLD) detector pairs, TLD 600 and TLD TLD 700. Neutron dose distribution was determined by placing the TLD pairs at 8 points scattered in the phantom.. Linac irradiations at a dose of 2 Gy were conducted three times that produced effective dose neutron range from 0.3 mSv to 4.8 mSv. While the effective dose photon as read by the TLDs range from 42.9 to 920.1 mSv.The effective dose of neutron and photon received were less for points located further away from the point of isocentre.

Environmental Geological Condition and Ground Water Bearers Relationship on Kebakalan Area, Kebumen - East Java Nandian Mareta; Edi Hidayat
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 3, No 4 (2016)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

Kebakalan and sorrounding included in area of Karangsambung Geological Natural Preservation (CAGK). As part of CAGK, geology Kebakalan and sorrounding area including Luk Ulo Melange Complex age Pre Tertiary expose in Java. These rocks are composed of scaly clay matrix with component in the form of block of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Many human activities is never separated from water using. These condition make that a region can maintain the quality and quantity of water resources. Avalaibility water resources of an area should be able to meet the water needs to water expected so balancing of two is happened. Rapid population growth in Kebakalan can increase needs for water resources for fullfillment of their needs. Water resources consist of surface and subsurface water (groundwater). The main purpose of these study is to determine the relationship between geology and groundwater conditions in Kebakalan and sorrounding an effort to overcome the droughts that frequently hit the area. The research method used two approaches that are primary and secondary data collection. The results showed there were eight units of geologic environments, in which two units are units hills sloping sandstone and alluvium plains unit is a good rock as aquifers. While the direction of groundwater flow from north to south with a depth of 4-8 m wells and groundwater levels 55-70 m. The villages that have potential for shallow ground water is Kedungnangka, Jambekerep, Jombor Kidul, Polaman, Panunggalan, Kebakalan and Gagakbaning with an area 462 ha (44%).

Determination of Neutron Spectrum at LINAC Using a Passive Single Sphere Spectrometer Muhammad Helmi Hakim; Chomsin Sulistya Widodo; Bunawas Bunawas; Rasito Rasito
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 3, No 4 (2016)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

Neutron spectra at Linear Acceleration (LINAC) facility was needed to protect neutron radiation. The purpose of determination of neutron spectra at LINAC using Passive Single Sphere Spectrometer is getting spectra and neutron fluence from LINAC and knowing the influence of input voltage at LINAC to its spectra and neutron fluence output. Single Sphere Spectrometer (SSS) with diameters 30 cm using seven gold foil detectors was set in position a half of diameter (0, 3, 6, 9, 11, 12, 13 cm) from center of the SSS. Measurement of neutron count rate was performed by placing SSS under gantry of LINAC with SSD 100 cm in distances. Next, neutron count rate was used as input data in UMG 3.3 program to get spectra. Based on measurement, total of neutron fluence at LINAC 10 MV and 15 MV is 5,78 ´ 104 n/cm2.s ± 0,01 ´ 104and 9,44 ´ 105 n/cm2.s ± 0,22 ´ 105, so increasing input voltage at LINAC was followed by increased neutron fluence.

Simulation of TLD-700 (Lif; Mg, Ti) for Determination of Hp Equivalent Dose (10) on Radiation Workers (Gamma) with MCNPX Approach Pradipta, Aisyah Dianing; Rianto, Sugeng; Bunawas, Bunawas
Natural B Vol 4, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Natural B

Radiation workers are compulsory to monitoring radiation dose for reduce the effects of ionizing radiation on the body. Government through similar BAPETEN maximum dose for radiation workers is 20 mSv/year. One of the personal monitoring tool that is widely used is the TLD-700 (specially for gamma radiation). The equivalent dose to the workers body to a depth of 10mm (Hp(10)) able to be predicted from a simulation approach MCNPX. To simulation needed input model of geometry which adapted to the geometry experiments. The simulation results at the source position vertical to the dose rate is obtained 8,565mSv/h, which shows a difference of 1.5% on the results of the experiment, so the Hp(10) dose can be determined. This experiment able to simulated for contamination source 137Cs on the floor position unable to be done experimentely contamination source. Estimation through simulation, the dose rate on the floor at 14.920 mSv/h. The results showed the difference of dose rate through dose rate 75% vertical source larger than the vertical direction. According to the result need to be calibration TLD-700 for the source position from the bottom. Because the greater the dose rate (from below), the greater the Hp(10) dose is received. With the result clear that considerable potential MCNPX used to estimate personal Hp(10) dose for radiation workers, specially in relation to the case of a radiation accident.

Spectral and Waveform Cross-Correlation Analysis of Volcanic Tremor from The 2016 Eruption at Bromo Volcano, East Java Meidi Arisalwadi; Sukir Maryanto; Hetty Triastuty
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 4, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

Bromo volcano is one of a series of active volcanoes in Indonesia, located on the Tengger caldera, Probolinggo, East Java. Bromo volcano has increased volcanic activity in the end 2015 until early 2016. The research was conducted to determine the characteristics of volcanic tremors. The methods used to determine the characteristics of volcanic tremors are spectral analysis and cross-correlation waveform analysis. Spectrogram analysis obtained frequency value 1-8 Hz for volcanic tremor of Bromo Volcano. From the results of spectral analysis volcanic tremor, it’s can be seen the value of the frequency peaks irregular means the type of spasmodic tremor. Based on the pattern of the peaks of the tremor spectral analysis using 3 stations having the same pattern and the analysis of cross-correlation waveform volcanic tremor of Bromo volcano was indicated from the same source mechanism because the correlation coefficient value is good that ranged about 0.6 – 0.8.

Analysis of Voltage Difference Characteristics of Albumin Membranes and Vitelin Membranes of Chicken Eggs through Diazinon Effects Wira Dian Jauharah; Didik Rahadi Santoso; Unggul P. Juswono
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 4, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

Cells are the most important structural and functional part of any organism. Cells are protected by cell membranes that envelop cells, and separate cells with their environment. The effectiveness of the work of a cell membrane can be disrupted for various reasons, one of which is pesticide contamination. Pesticides in cells can damage cell metabolism or cell membrane permeability. Therefore, this study aims to determine how big the effect of diazinon insecticides on the characteristics of different potential membrane vitelin and membrane albumin chicken egg cells. Measurements were made using the microelectrode connected with the picoscope 5000 series, then the data appears displayed through the PC. The results of membrane potential measurements showed that the greater the concentration of insecticide given, the potential value of chicken egg membrane increased. Potential Differential Values Membrane of eggs with different concentrations ranged in -145 mV - 249 mV on vitelin membrane, and -142,5 mV - 242,5 mV on albumin membrane

The Estimate of Instantaneous Solar Radiation Intensity Using Energy Conversion Method Gancang Saroja; Lailatin Nuriyah; Chomsin S Widodo; M. F. Novanata
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 4, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

The intensity of solar radiation provides information of amount energi that is transferred by the sun in a unit time. The information is used in many sectors for designing and assembling systems with solar energi sources. The measurement of the intensity of solar radiation directly requires a complex set of tools and procedures. This study aims to provide an estimate of instantaneous solar radiation by using energi conversion methods. The working principle of the method used is to capture the flux of solar radiation with a piece of black copper plates and then extract the energi into the water medium through direct contact of the water-copper plates. The increase of fluid temperatur is measured as a function of the time duration of radiation exposure. The radiation intensity value is obtained from derivation of the gradient value of the increasing temperatur. The results show that the energi conversion method gives the radiation intensity value matching the radiation intensity value based on the calculation of astronomical formulation. In the location of the experiment, at noon, the energi conversion method gives an instantaneous solar radiation intensity of 1149, 63 W/m2 with a difference of 0.59% with the calculation result of the astronomical formula.

Preparation of Chitosan-Fe3O4 Nanoparticles by In-situ Co-Precipitation Using Tripolyphosphate / Citrate as Crosslinker and Characterization Using XRD Vita Tria Mardila; Akhmad Sabarudin; Djoko Herry Santjojo
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 3, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

Chitosan-Fe3O4 nanoparticles have been synthesized in a one pot reaction by combine TPP: citrate as crosslinker. The method was in-situ co-precipitation of iron salts in the presence of chitosan and crosslinker. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of preparation process towards chitosan-Fe3O4 nanoparticles characteristics which was prepared on several preparation condition: chitosan:Fe(II):Fe(III) ratio, TPP:citrate ratio, and crosslinking time. The crystallite sizes of the Fe3O4 and chitosan- Fe3O4 nanoparticles was obtained from modified Debye Scherrer equation using data from XRD analysis. The crystallite size of the bare-Fe3O4 and chitosan-Fe3O4 nanoparticles were found to be about 6.22 and 9.49 nm, respectively. XRD analysis results shown that beside Fe3O4 phases there was γ-Fe2O3 phase due to the oxidation of Fe3O4.The crystallite sizes and the percentage of Fe3O4 decreases with increasing number of chitosan coating the Fe3O4 and the length of crosslinking time

Dosimeter Response Personal Eye Lens Using TLD-900 (CaSO4: Dy) In Radiation Field Beta And Photon Ni Kadek Nova Anggarani; Johan A.E. Noor; Bunawas Bunawas
Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences Vol 3, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Natural B, Journal of Health and Environmental Sciences

Manufacturing and testing of eye lens dosemeter have been carried out using TLD detector CaSO4: Dy in beta radiation field. The results indicated a good response in reproducability and homogeneity with the acquisition of the response variations below 10%. The response to variations in beta energy indicated that the beta with energy below 0,7 MeV, represented by 85Kr, could not penetrate the filter layer, while high energy beta of 90Sr/90Y was able to penetrate the filter and provided response to 137Cs of 0.44 ± 0.07. Response to incidence angle of beta radiation showed dependence on the angle of incidence of irradiation. The response indicates the photon energy dependence on the energy below of 100 keV with angle response of radiation incidence on the energy 65 keV showed good results with the difference in readings against the irradiation of 0° maximum 20 %.

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