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Jurnal Teknik Pengairan: Journal of Water Resources Engineering
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 20861761     EISSN : 24776068     DOI : 10.21776
Core Subject : Engineering,
Engineering
Jurnal Teknik Pengairan is a scientific journal published regularly twice per year by Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya. The paper submitted in this journal covers the fields of Water Resources Information System, Water Resources Conservation, Water Resources Utilization and Efficiency, Water Structure Engineering Planning and Water Resources Engineering Basic Knowledge. The submitted paper can be a summary of research reports or scientific literature review. The language used in this journal is either English or Indonesian.
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Articles 380 Documents
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Numerical Model of Wave Transmission on Curtain-Wall Pile Breakwater with DualSPHysics Tahalele, Marcio; Khaldirian, Muhammad Farizqi
Jurnal Teknik Pengairan: Journal of Water Resources Engineering Vol. 16 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pengairan.2025.016.02.2

Abstract

One of the problems often encountered in coastal areas is changes in coastal morphology caused by wave propagation. Curtain Wall-Pile Breakwater (CPB) is a practical alternative to dampen waves heading towards the shore. This study investigates the wave transmission caused by CPB using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method and compares the experimental results with SPH. SPH was employed using open-source Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software based on the DualSPHysics code. The numerical model (SPH) was made to resemble the experiment. The study was based on the effect of wave period (T) and the ratio between the submerged depth of the wave retaining wall and the water depth (h/d) of the CPB. The results show that CPB is effective in reducing incident waves. The effectiveness is seen from the resulting Transmission Coefficient (Kt) value. The baseline model Kt value is 0.854, and the Kt value with CPB is 0.693. The research findings show that the wave period (T) dramatically affects the wave transmission caused by CPB. The resulting Kt value decreases with increasing wave steepness (Hi/L), increasing incident wave height (Hi), and wave period (T). In addition, the increase in h/d also affects the Kt value, i.e., the resulting Kt value gets smaller. This study concludes that CPB can reduce the incident wave, thereby reducing the impact of waves on the protected side. Therefore, in designing a breakwater, it is necessary to consider the wave period (T) and the permeability level of the breakwater (h/d variation).
2D Modeling for Structural Flood Mitigation and Normalization with HEC-RAS: A Case Study of Tabelo River Agastya, Dewandha Mas; Kusuma, Rr. Widyawati Tresna; Jayanegara, I Dewa Gede; Yasa, I Wayan; Sulistiyono, Heri
Jurnal Teknik Pengairan: Journal of Water Resources Engineering Vol. 16 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pengairan.2025.016.02.9

Abstract

Changes in land use for the development of the Mandalika Special Economic Zone (SEZ) have led to increased flooding. A rainfall intensity of 35 mm recorded at the ARR KEK Mandalika station led to a flood event, with a water level reaching 1.2 meters on March 23, 2022. Therefore, a study is needed to determine the flood discharge that affects the Tabelo Watershed and to identify the appropriate structural mitigation measures for flood management. After conducting frequency analysis with Hydrognomon and Generalized Extreme Value (GEV), the flood discharge for the 50, 100, and 200-year return periods was 149.5 m3/s, 162.5 m3/s, and 175.2 m3/s. Structural mitigation by river normalization and levees construction on the Tabelo River was carried out along 1882.5 m at stationing P0 – P101 and 468.5 m at stationing S0 – S30. The levee construction is planned to be 14 m wide for the upstream section, up to the junction, and 16 m wide for the junction to the river mouth. The river levee is designed to be 3.30 meters high and 16 meters wide. The stability of the levee is calculated by considering its stability against overturning, sliding, and reactions from the foundation soil under both normal and seismic conditions. Based on the results of the stability calculations, the safety factor values for stability against shear forces under normal and earthquake conditions were obtained, namely, Fs (3.81 > 2.00) and Fs (1.27 > 1.25).
Analysis of Sengkarang Watershed Performance with the Addition of River Maintenance Flow Parameters Sodikin, Wahlul; Juwono, Pitojo Tri; Sholichin, Moh
Jurnal Teknik Pengairan: Journal of Water Resources Engineering Vol. 16 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pengairan.2025.016.02.6

Abstract

Watershed management plays a crucial role in maintaining water balance and ecosystem sustainability. However, conventional watershed performance assessments often overlook the importance of river maintenance discharge. This study evaluates the hydrological performance of the Sengkarang Watershed by incorporating river maintenance discharge as an additional parameter. The research employs the Tennant method to determine the maintenance flow and the Analytic Network Process (ANP) to weigh its significance. Six expert respondents participated in the weighting process. The study compares the results of the conventional five-parameter assessment with the newly modified six-parameter approach. Findings reveal that the Sengkarang Watershed is concerning, with high fluctuations in flow regimes and annual runoff coefficients. Including river maintenance discharge significantly increases the weight of flood parameters from 2.0% to 4.7%, while the new index for river maintenance discharge contributes 1.8% to the overall assessment. Despite these changes, the watershed remains classified as “Poor,” highlighting the need for further restoration efforts. The study suggests that integrating river maintenance discharge into performance assessments provides a more comprehensive understanding of watershed conditions, supporting better policy formulation for sustainable water resource management.
Comparative Analysis of Rainfall Patterns in Jatigede Watershed Using the Huff Method Setiyowati, Yunita Ayu; Harisuseno, Donny; Sajali, M. Amar
Jurnal Teknik Pengairan: Journal of Water Resources Engineering Vol. 16 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pengairan.2025.016.02.5

Abstract

The temporal distribution of rainfall plays a vital role in hydrological analysis, particularly in estimating peak flood discharge, which significantly impacts the design of flood control infrastructure. Understanding rainfall distribution patterns is essential for improving flood forecasting and water resource management. This study aims to compare the rainfall distribution patterns in the Jatigede Watershed (DAS Jatigede) using the Huff Quartile 1 to 4 method. Hourly rainfall data were collected from six rainfall stations: Bayongbong, Cikajang, Darmaraja, Jatigede, Leuwigintung, and Sadawangi, with Ground Station data used for validation. The analysis revealed that rainfall in the Jatigede Watershed is steeper than Huff Quartile 1, with peak intensity occurring earlier during events, indicating a high concentration of rainfall at the beginning of storms, which may affect flood peak formation and watershed response time. These findings underscore the need to adjust hydrological models to better reflect actual rainfall distribution. However, the study has limitations, including a relatively small number of observation stations, potential inaccuracies in rainfall measurements, and the Huff method’s limited ability to capture spatial rainfall variability. Addressing these limitations in future research is essential for enhancing flood risk assessment and hydrological modeling accuracy in the Jatigede Watershed.
Study of Floods and Drainage Management in Sukawati District Suryanti, Irma; Indah Dianti Putri, Putu
Jurnal Teknik Pengairan: Journal of Water Resources Engineering Vol. 17 No. 1 (2026): In Press
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pengairan.2026.017.01.2

Abstract

The Sukawati District experiences frequent flooding during the rainy season due to the drainage canals’ inability to handle peak flood discharge. The canals’ insufficient capacity, compounded by sediment and garbage accumulation, results in water overflowing the canals’ freeboards. This study aims to characterize the inundation and drainage issues in Sukawati District. Both primary and secondary data are utilized for analysis. The methodology includes field surveys, identification of inundation and flood-prone areas, inventory of the existing drainage system, hydrological and hydraulic analysis, and drainage network planning. The findings reveal 38 inundation sites within Sukawati District, with inundation durations ranging from 50 minutes to 24 hours. The inundation depth ranges from 15 to 200 cm, and the frequency of occurrence ranges from 1 to 10 times per year. The prioritization of drainage management is based on flooding characteristics, economic losses, social disturbances, impacts on government facilities, transportation disruptions, and damage to residential areas. Recommendations include normalizing the existing canals using appropriately sized river stone pairs to enhance water discharge capacity, particularly during rainy periods.  
Hydrologic Performance Analysis of a Coastal Reservoir for Urban Flood Management Emir Hansen Pasaribu, David; Sisinggih, Dian
Jurnal Teknik Pengairan: Journal of Water Resources Engineering Vol. 17 No. 1 (2026): In Press
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pengairan.2026.017.01.5

Abstract

Jakarta continues to experience severe flooding due to extreme rainfall and limitations in existing flood‑control infrastructure. As part of the city’s integrated coastal defense system, the East Side Coastal Reservoir (ESCR) is intended to function as the final component after upstream dams, levees, retarding basins, and estuary water gates. Its effectiveness, however, depends on whether its reservoir storage capacity can accommodate extreme flood volumes generated within the catchment area. This study assesses the hydrologic performance of the ESCR by estimating flood volumes for return periods of 2, 5, 10, 50, 100, 200, and 1000 years. The methodology integrates spatial analysis using Google Earth Pro and QGIS to derive catchment characteristics, including DEM‑based topography and soil type data, followed by hydrologic modeling using HEC‑HMS. Flood volumes were computed using the water‑loss method and compared against the reservoir storage capacity. Results show that the ESCR provides 145 million m³ of storage, whereas the 1000‑year return‑period flood generates 297 million m³ of runoff. Thus, the reservoir can accommodate only 48.87% of the extreme event, indicating limited effectiveness for large‑magnitude floods. These findings offer important insight for future coastal reservoir planning and design in Jakarta.
Optimization of Way Rarem Reservoir Operation with Dynamic Program Adhi Putra, Ginanjar; Dermawan, Very
Jurnal Teknik Pengairan: Journal of Water Resources Engineering Vol. 17 No. 1 (2026): In Press
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pengairan.2026.017.01.6

Abstract

Way Rarem Reservoir, located in North Lampung Regency, Lampung Province, is a multipurpose reservoir that supplies water for 15,080 hectares of irrigation area and provides flood control for the downstream region. For more than 30 years of operation, the Way Rarem reservoir has followed a conventional operating policy, which is now irrelevant given current conditions. An improvement in the performance of the Rarem reservoir is required. This study aims to improve reservoir performance by optimizing the reservoir operation policy. This study applied a deterministic dynamic program to optimize the reservoir operation policy using CSUDP and compared its performance with the existing operation. The optimization model can increase reliability by 2.93%. The optimization model also showed a higher resiliency value (3.08) than the existing operation (0.49) and a lower Tfail value (4.54) than the existing one (4.67). The optimization model showed a lower total deficit (629.22 MCM) than the existing (698.69 MCM) for vulnerability. It also has a smaller average deficit (1.95 MCM) than the existing (8.32) for every failure state. However, the optimization model showed a larger maximum deficit (34.55 MCM) than the existing (22.11 MCM).
Development of Synthetic Unit Hydrograph Parameters from the Influence of Watershed Form Factor Hayati, Maulida; Montarcih Limantara, Lily; Prasetyorini, Linda
Jurnal Teknik Pengairan: Journal of Water Resources Engineering Vol. 17 No. 1 (2026): In Press
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pengairan.2026.017.01.4

Abstract

The Synthetic Unit Hydrograph (HSS) is a predictive model used in hydrological analysis to estimate river flow response due to design rainfall, playing an important role in water infrastructure planning and flood mitigation strategies. This study aims to develop HSS parameters by quantitatively analyzing the relationships between the Watershed Form Factor (FD), peak discharge (Qp), and peak time (Tp). The study covered 10 watersheds on Java Island, which were selected to represent a wider and more diverse range of hydrological characteristics. The methods used include morphometric analysis to determine FD as a ratio between the area and perimeter of the watershed, hydrograph analysis to obtain unit hydrographs in each watershed/subwatershed, and statistical correlation analysis to examine the relationship between FD and hydrographs. The results showed that FD has a significant negative linear relationship with Qp (R = -0.802) and Tp (R = -0.820), indicating that the larger the watershed shape, the smaller the FD value, leading to an increase in peak discharge and peak time. This finding has significant implications for the development of the SUH model, particularly in watersheds with limited hydrological data. By including FD in the SUH parameter formulation, hydrograph estimation becomes more accurate, supports water resources planning, and improves the effectiveness of flood mitigation strategies and drainage system design.
Spatial Changes of Land Use Using Landsat Data in Banjir Kanal Timur Watershed Semarang City Azzahra, Arrum; Andawayanti, Ussy; Suhartanto, Ery
Jurnal Teknik Pengairan: Journal of Water Resources Engineering Vol. 17 No. 1 (2026): In Press
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pengairan.2026.017.01.1

Abstract

This study analyzes land use and land cover (LULC) changes in the Banjir Kanal Timur Watershed, Semarang City, from 2004 to 2024, utilizing multi-temporal Landsat data and GIS-based supervised classification methods. This research focuses on a medium-sized tropical coastal city in Indonesia that has received little attention in previous LULC studies, particularly over a two-decade period. The East Flood Canal was selected because of its strategic role and vulnerability to unregulated land-use change, making it an ideal case study to assess the impacts of urban sprawl. The primary objective is to assess the extent of urban growth and its effects on natural land cover, particularly forested areas, water bodies, and brushwood. Using Landsat 7, 8, and 9 satellite imagery, this study applied supervised classification to categorize land cover types and evaluate spatial changes over time. The results indicate a substantial increase in urban and built-up land, from 49.63% in 2004 to 80.57% in 2024, accompanied by a drastic decline in forest cover, from 40.69% to 12.13%, highlighting rapid urbanization and environmental degradation. The classification reliability was validated using a confusion matrix, with overall accuracy exceeding 90% and Kappa statistics ranging from 0.852 to 0.869, indicating substantial to almost perfect agreement. These findings underscore the urgent need for sustainable urban planning, as continued land conversion may lead to increased flood risks, biodiversity loss, and reduced water retention capacity. This research demonstrates the effectiveness of remote sensing in monitoring land use dynamics and offers vital insights for policymakers to create balanced strategies between development and environmental preservation in Semarang City.
Analysis of Water Availability Potential to Support the Food Estate Program in Central Sumba Regency Pentewati, Priseila; R Daniswara, Damian; Bees, Azarya; Santi L M F Seran, Sri
Jurnal Teknik Pengairan: Journal of Water Resources Engineering Vol. 17 No. 1 (2026): In Press
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pengairan.2026.017.01.3

Abstract

This study evaluates the potential of water resources to support the Food Estate (FE) program in Central Sumba, a semi-arid region in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, where water scarcity and uneven distribution present major challenges for agricultural expansion. An integrative methodological framework was applied by combining dependable discharge analysis (Q80), calibrated satellite rainfall data, and multi-criteria prioritization using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Calibration of GPM rainfall against ground observations improved input accuracy for hydrological modeling, while the Q80 analysis identified reliable sources, such as the Palamedo and Waiwakaka rivers and the Waikasoruk spring. Spatial prioritization revealed distinct zone characteristics: FE.1 as the core area with dependable flows, FE.2 as a buffer with moderate but seasonal resources requiring incremental interventions, and FE.3 as a resilience zone constrained by hard rock lithology, steep slopes, and high infiltration, demanding targeted measures such as catchment management and groundwater exploration. The findings provide practical policy guidance for staged Food Estate implementation, emphasizing small-scale infrastructure upgrades, adaptive water management, and zone-specific interventions that align with national food security objectives. While the framework proves effective in data-scarce environments, limitations remain in medium-term rainfall calibration and in limited discharge records, suggesting the need for future research on climate change impacts, long-term monitoring, and demand-supply scenario analysis.

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