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Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences
Published by Institut Teknologi Bandung
ISSN : 23375760     EISSN : 23385510     DOI : https://doi.org/10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.
Core Subject : Science, Education,
Astronomy Chemistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Mathematics Physics
Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences welcomes full research articles in the area of Mathematics and Natural Sciences from the following subject areas: Astronomy, Chemistry, Earth Sciences (Geodesy, Geology, Geophysics, Oceanography, Meteorology), Life Sciences (Agriculture, Biochemistry, Biology, Health, Medical, Pharmacy), Mathematics, Physics, and Statistics.
Arjuna Subject : Matematika - Matematika (Lain-Lain)
Articles 700 Documents
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Mangosteen Peel Extract (Garcinia mangostana L.) as a Potential Complementary of Leukemia Therapy: In Vitro and In Silico Studies Marisca Evalina Gondokesumo; Arina Novilla; Sijani Prahastuti; Fadhilah Haifa Zahiroh; Hanna Sari Widya Kusuma; Wahyu Widowati; Rizal Azis; Dhanar Septyawan Hadiprasetyo; Aris Muhammad Nurjamil; Wahyu Surakusumah; Khoerotul Nur Fadhilah Adha
Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences Vol. 57 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Directorate for Research and Innovation (DRI) ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2025.57.2.3

Abstract

Leukemia is caused by abnormal white blood cell proliferation that leads to disruption of conventional blood cell functions. Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) contains phytochemical compounds with strong anticancer properties, according to various cancer studies. This study investigated the potential of mangosteen peel extract (MPE) as an anti-leukemia agent through molecular docking of LC-MS-identified compounds against FLT-1 and AKT proteins, followed by in vitro evaluation on HL-60 cells, namely cytotoxic (WST-8 assay), ROS levels and senescence (flow cytometry), and then FLT1 and AKT gene expression (qRT-PCR). LC-MS identified α-mangostin, β-mangostin, γ-mangostin, mangostinone, and epicatechin as the main compounds. Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities from −8.5 to −9.9 kcal/mol against AKT, and from −9.0 to −9.9 kcal/mol against FLT-1. MPE (500 µg/mL) decreased cell viability and increased inhibition of HL-60 cells. Intracellular ROS levels decreased significantly at 0.6, 1.2, and 2.4 µg/mL MPE. MPE induced cell senescence especially at 1.2 and 2.4 µg/mL. Gene expression analysis revealed downregulation of AKT at 1.2 and 2.4 µg/mL and FLT1 at 2.4 µg/mL. These findings suggest that MPE may exert multifactorial anti-leukemic mechanisms, including apoptosis, ROS modulation, senescence induction, and regulation of AKT and FLT1 expression.
Isolation and Identification of Endophytic Yeast from Sugarcane Juice (Saccharum officinarum L.) as a Bread Leavening Agent Nur Kusmiyati; Ulfah Utami; Anindita Mahesa Fitri; Anggeria Oktavisa Denta; Toshifumi Sakaguchi
Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences Vol. 57 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Directorate for Research and Innovation (DRI) ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2025.57.2.4

Abstract

Baker’s yeast naturally occurs in plant materials with high glucose content, including sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.). This study aimed to isolate and identify yeast from sugarcane juice and evaluate its safety and potential application as baker’s yeast. The methodological workflow included isolation, purification, macroscopic and microscopic characterization, and molecular identification. Safety assessments consisted of hemolysis testing and the evaluation of phospholipase and protease enzyme activities. The technological potential of the isolates was examined through carbohydrate fermentation, tolerance to 50% glucose, flocculation capacity, and hydrogen sulfide production. Two isolates, designated SO1 and SO2, were successfully obtained. Molecular characterization revealed that SO1 shared 99.20% similarity with Hanseniaspora opuntiae, while SO2 showed 99.98% similarity with Candida akabanensis. Both isolates exhibited non-pathogenic characteristics, indicated by a hemolysis index (Hi) of 1 and phospholipase activity represented by a precipitation zone (Pz) of 1. Protease activity assay showed Pz values of 1 for H. opuntiae and 0.58 for C. akabanensis. Potency testing demonstrated that both species performed well in bread dough development, confirming promising leavening capabilities. Overall, H. opuntiae and C. akabanensis isolated from sugarcane juice are food-grade yeasts and are safe for use in bread production.
Synthesis of Ternary Nanocomposites of MnO2/PANI/Maxsorb and their Performance as an Electrode Material for Supercapacitors Aprilianti Nur'aini; Imam Prasetyo; Teguh Ariyanto
Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences Vol. 57 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Directorate for Research and Innovation (DRI) ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2025.57.2.2

Abstract

Increasing performance of supercapacitors can be achieved by using a composite of electrode materials. Nevertheless, selecting appropriate materials and determining the optimal combination composition remain significant challenges. In this research, a ternary composite of MnO2/polyaniline (PANI)/Maxsorb was studied. The combination of Maxsorb, PANI, and MnO₂ is a unique feature of this research, with Maxsorb acting as a porous structural framework; PANI enhancing electrical conductivity; and MnO₂ providing high pseudocapacitance. The ternary material was prepared by impregnation of MnO2 and PANI into the pores of Maxsorb carbon in a two-sequence procedure, i.e., (i) incipient wetness impregnation of Mn(NO3)2 into porous carbon followed by calcination to obtain MnO2/Maxsorb, and (ii) in situ polymerization of aniline monomer in the MnO2/Maxsorb, hence obtaining the final ternary nanocomposite of MnO2/PANI/Maxsorb. The electrochemical test using H2SO4 electrolyte (1 M) revealed that the ternary material outperformed single porous carbon or PANI as well as their binary nanocomposite in terms of properties such as energy density, power density, and capacitance. The ternary material had a specific surface area of around 2,078 m2 g-1, containing microporous and mesoporous structures. The material featured a specific capacitance up to 500 F g-1 and a power density of 37.6 kW kg-1 as well as an energy density of 62.69 Wh kg-1.
Modelling the Dynamics of Tuberculosis A Multi-Stage Compartmental Approach Adetayo Samuel Eegunjobi
Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences Vol. 57 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Directorate for Research and Innovation (DRI) ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2025.57.2.5

Abstract

We propose a robust multi-stage compartmental model to studytuberculosis (TB) transmission dynamics in Namibia, incorporating multiple stagesof latent infection, along with undiagnosed and diagnosed active cases. The modeldistinguishes between early and late latent stages, allowing for a more accuraterepresentation of TB progression. By capturing the complex interactions betweendisease progression, diagnosis, treatment, and relapse, the model provides valuableinsights into TB dynamics. Mathematical analyses and key simulation parametersare discussed, offering a framework that can inform public health strategies foreffective TB control and intervention in Namibia.
Penta- and Tetra-cyclic Triterpenoids from Aglaia cucullata Stembark and Cytotoxicity against Cancer and Normal Cells Kindi Farabi; Wahyu Safriansyah; Desi Harneti; Hadi Kuncoro; Sofa Fajriah; Unang Supratman
Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences Vol. 57 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Directorate for Research and Innovation (DRI) ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2025.57.2.1

Abstract

Three triterpenoid compounds, belonging to the penta- and tetracyclic groups, were successively isolated from the stembark of Aglaia cucullata and identified as b-amyron (1), dammaradienon (2), and cabralealactone (3). After extensive extraction, chromatographic separation and purification, compounds 1 to 3 were gained. Spectroscopic analysis in addition to HRMS, FTIR, 1D and 2D NMR analysis were utilized to determine the chemical structure. After that, compounds 1 to 3 were tested against breast cancer, melanoma as well as normal kidney cells (MCF-7, B16-F10, and CV-1, respectively). The resulted cytotoxicity test revealed that compound 1 had the best cytotoxicity against all cells compared with the other isolated compounds. This result suggests that the pentacyclic triterpenoid core in compound 1 increases cytotoxicity compared with a tetracyclic skeleton.
The Potential of Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) Root Extract Nanoparticles as Anti-Prostate Cancer Agent against Cell Cycle Regulation, Apoptosis, and Senescence based on In Vitro Tests Eka Yudha Rahman; Nia Kania; Didik Priyandoko; Adilah Hafizha Nur Sabrina; Wahyu Widowati; Rizal Azis; Aziz Annaba; Dhanar Septyawan Hadiprasetyo; Garry Alexandro
Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences Vol. 57 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Directorate for Research and Innovation (DRI) ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2026.57.3.5

Abstract

Prostate cancer poses a major health challenge worldwide, with increasing incidence rates and limited current treatment modalities, which highlights the urgent need for innovative therapeutic alternatives. Utilizing nanoparticles derived from plant extracts is emerging as a promising solution, offering a superior drug delivery system. Eurycoma longifolia Jack roots, or Pasak Bumi, which are widely used in ethnobotany, are known to contain the compound eurycomanone, which exhibits pro-apoptotic activity against malignant cells. This investigation sought to assess the efficacy of Pasak Bumi root-derived nanoparticles (PBN) in inhibiting the proliferation of prostate carcinoma cells (PC-3), through an in vitro approach. A nanoparticle sample was obtained through the addition of chitosan and 0.4% Na-TPP to Pasak Bumi root extract. Flow cytometric analysis was employed to evaluate cell cycle distribution, while genes expression of Casp-3, Casp-8, and HAX-1 were quantified via qRT-PCR. The senescence cell detection test was performed using associated-β-galactosidase staining. PBN treatment supressed PC-3 cell proliferation through G0/G1 phase arrest and downregulation of HAX-1 genes expression, while promoting apoptosis via upregulation of Casp-3 and Casp-8 transcripts. PBN also increased the percentage of PC-3 senescence cells. This study demonstrates the potential of PBN to inhibit prostate cancer cells.
Exploring the Impact of Deformation on Strain Energy of Ultrafine-Grained Copper through Equal Channel Angular Pressing: Insights from X-Ray and Neutron Diffraction Muhammad Rifai; Mujamilah Mujamilah; Andon Insani; M. Refai Muslih; Tri Hardi Priyanto; Iwan Sumirat; Bharoto Bharoto; Grace Tj. Sulungbudi; Ahadi Damar Prasetya; Ridwan Ridwan; Muhamad Saparudin; Diene Noor H.; Sairun Sairun; Rifky Apriansyah; Wildan Z. Lubis
Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences Vol. 57 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Directorate for Research and Innovation (DRI) ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2026.57.3.4

Abstract

The mechanical behavior of materials at the nanoscale level has attracted significant attention in materials science research. This study investigated the impact of deformation on the strain energy of ultrafine-grained (UFG) copper produced by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). X-ray and neutron diffraction techniques were employed to analyze the changes in strain energy of the copper samples subjected to varying levels of deformation. The results of the study indicate that the strain energy of the UFG copper increased with increasing levels of deformation due to the formation of dislocations with high density in the copper crystal structure. The study also found that the increase in strain energy was more significant in the initial stages of deformation and then reached a plateau as deformation progressed. This study provides valuable insight into the mechanical behavior of UFG copper and the role of deformation in altering its strain energy. The results can contribute to developing new materials with improved mechanical properties for various aerospace, automotive, and biomedical applications. The study highlights the importance of using advanced techniques such as X-ray and neutron diffraction to accurately investigate the nanoscale mechanical behavior of materials.
Tailed Grover Search on Cyclic Graphs Chamod Kaushalya; Mohamed Sabri; Anuradha Mahasinghe; Awansika Nimuthumana; Asanka Sayakkara; Kasun De Zoysa
Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences Vol. 57 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Directorate for Research and Innovation (DRI) ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2026.57.3.2

Abstract

Quantum walks offer promising advantages for search algorithms over graphs. Among these, Grover’s quantum search provides a quadratic speedup with a time complexity of  for unstructured search problems. Nevertheless, Grover search performs poorly on cyclic graphs due to the dynamics of the Grover walk. This study explores the behavior of Grover’s quantum walk on cyclic graphs , analyzing the probability distribution of finding the marked vertex. To analyze this behavior, we extend each vertex of the cycle by attaching semi-infinite-length paths (tails). We develop a direct analytical approach to obtain the transition matrix , whose elements are independent of . For small cycles , we observe success probabilities exceeding 0.5. In contrast, with large cycles, the effectiveness drops rapidly. We observe that the success probability approaches zero  as the size of the graph increases , indicating the limitations of the quantum search in cyclic structures.
A Multidimensional Modeling Approach to Classify the Poverty Levels of Households Udayanga Rukshan; Hasitha Erandi; Osadee Peiris; Sanjeewa Perera
Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences Vol. 57 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Directorate for Research and Innovation (DRI) ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2026.57.3.3

Abstract

The conventional method for poverty measurement is the poverty line, which is based only on household income and expenditure. The poverty line can be used to determine whether a given household is poor or not. However, to capture the true nature of poverty, many factors other than income and expenditure should be considered. In this study, we developed a model for developing countries under a multidimensional framework to classify poverty levels of poor households by incorporating a fuzzy approach. The poverty levels are categorized into three levels and threshold values are determined for each level. In order to generate results, we used relevant statistical data from Sri Lanka. The results of this study indicated that individual education, income, and housing characteristics are the most significant factors in determining the poverty level of individual households in Sri Lanka. Further, the developed model provides a menu of focused factors and a policy tool for policymakers to allocate and distribute subsidies for needy areas.
Localized Green Fabrication of Hydroxyapatite/ZnO Nanocomposite: Toward A Sustainable Antibacterial Biomaterial Arie Hardian; Farah Nur Fauziyah; Teguh Karya; Dani Gustaman Syarif; Atiek Rostika Noviyanti; Jasmansyah Jasmansyah; Muhammad Reza; Anceu Murniati; Kiki Adi Kurnia; Yanuar Setiadi; Ismunandar Ismunandar
Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences Vol. 58 No. 1 (2026): (In Progress)
Publisher : Directorate for Research and Innovation (DRI) ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2026.58.1.1

Abstract

Using a plant-assisted sol–gel strategy, a hydroxyapatite–zinc oxide (HAp/ZnO) composite was produced from Padalarang calcite and lemon (Citrus limon L.) extract. The calcite supplied the calcium component, while constituents of the lemon extract promoted metal-ion complexation and helped control precursor stabilization. This environmentally friendly approach reduces the use of hazardous chemicals while facilitating the formation and stabilization of the composite precursor during the sol–gel process. The synthesized HAp/ZnO nanocomposite exhibited crystalline HAp and ZnO phases and the mean crystallite dimension calculated from the diffraction data was 45.52 nm. XRF analysis confirmed the elemental composition and Ca/P ratio, while FTIR spectroscopy identified the characteristic functional groups of HAp and ZnO. Further, SEM observations revealed the particle morphology of the nanocomposite. In disk-diffusion testing against Escherichia coli, the inhibition diameter increased from 5 mm at 5 mg/mL to 15 mm at 20 mg/mL. The antibacterial response was interpreted mainly in terms of ZnO-derived reactive oxygen species and the action of released Zn2+ ions. The findings of this study indicate that the synthesized HAp/ZnO nanocomposite is a promising candidate material for further investigation in the development of sustainable antibacterial biomaterials.

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