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ARBITRER Jurnal Masyarakat Linguistik Indonesia, merupakan jurnal ilmiah yang menyajikan artikel orisinil tentang pengetahuan dan informasi penelitian atau aplikasi penelitian dan pengembangan terkini dalam bidang ilmu bahasa (linguistik). Jurnal ini merupakan sarana publikasi dan ajang berbagi informasi keilmuan terkait dan pengembangannya di bidang humaniora khususnya linguistic, yang diterbitkan oleh program studi Linguistik Unand. Pemuatan artikel di jurnal ini dialamatkan ke alamat editor. Informasi lengkap untuk pemuatan artikel dan petunjuk penulisan artikel tersedia di dalam setiap terbitan. Artikel yang diterbitkan telah melalui proses seleksi oleh editior dan reviewer. Jurnal ini terbit secara berkala sebanyak dua kali dalam setahun (April dan Oktober). Artikel yang lolos seleksi akan dipungut biaya guna keberlanjutan jurnal, sedangkan pengiriman naskah tidak dipungut biaya. Diharapkan ARBITRER Jurnal Masyarakat Linguistik Indonesia cabang Universitas Andalas dengan tampilan baru ini akan terbit berkelanjutan dan terakreditasi.
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<![CDATA[The Reconstruction of Etymon Proto of Sambori and Teta Isolects Spoken in Bima Regency-NTB-Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[I Gede Budasi]]>
<![CDATA[ JURNAL ARBITRER Vol. 8 No. 1 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masyarakat Linguistik Indonesia Universitas Andalas ]]>
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DOI: 10.25077/ar.8.1.14-24.2021
<![CDATA[The previous studies that describe the phonological system of the isolects and the description of their differing and uniting linguistic features have not yet answered the doubts among Indonesian linguists whether or not the Proto of Sambori-Teta (PSm-Te) were descended from Proto Austronesia (PAn). Thus, this article aims to describe the interrelatedness of the two protoes and to describe the types of sound changes from the PAn to PSm-Te etymons. This descriptive study applied a comparative method by implementing bottom-up and top-down analysis in reconstructing the PSm-Te. The linguistic features as the evidence of the interrelatedness of the two protoes were identified and analyzed using sound change theories. This study found 1691 (99.35%) definitive etymons of PSm-Te among 1702 etymons of Sambori and Teta Isolects identified in this study, and the types of sound change from PAn to PSm-Te etymons showed addition, deletion, metathesis, diphthongization, fusion, fortition, lenition, fronting, and backing. The definitive PSm-Te and the identified types of sound changes can be used as the linguistic evidence to determine that PAn descend PSm-Te. Therefore Sambori and Teta isolects reflect PSm-Te.]]>
<![CDATA[An Analysis of Errors in English Writing: A Case Study the Third Semester Students of UBSI ]]>
<![CDATA[Lia Nurmalia]]>;
<![CDATA[Cicih Nuraeni]]>
<![CDATA[ JURNAL ARBITRER Vol. 8 No. 1 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masyarakat Linguistik Indonesia Universitas Andalas ]]>
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DOI: 10.25077/ar.8.1.46-50.2021
<![CDATA[The objectives of this research are to know the errors in the third semester students' writing of Bina Sarana Informatika University and the most frequent error. It is concerned to the grammatical and semantic and substance errors. The data is analyzed by using James' theory in (Mungungu, 2010). The findings show that errors done by the students are spelling 50.9%, fragment 15.7%, punctuation 9.8%, adjective 3%, subject- verb agreement 3.9%, preposition 3.9%, capitalization 3.9%, tenses 2%, verb 2%, literal translation 2%. It can be concluded that the most frequent error is spelling. It because the students missed a letter, added more letter in a word, and exchange the letter. While In grammatical category, the most frequent error is fragment. It is because the most students do not put a subject in a sentence.]]>
<![CDATA[Communication Strategies by Indonesian EFL Learners in English Conversation Class ]]>
<![CDATA[Agus Wijayanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Diyah Murti Hastuti]]>
<![CDATA[ JURNAL ARBITRER Vol. 8 No. 1 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masyarakat Linguistik Indonesia Universitas Andalas ]]>
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DOI: 10.25077/ar.8.1.72-81.2021
<![CDATA[To be able to conduct smooth communication has been the focus of teaching and learning L2. Since the late 1970s, developing language learners' communicative competence has become the center of L2 teaching. This paper is part of a study investigating how elementary-level English learners at an English course in Surakarta-Indonesia conduct English conversations. It particularly observes how they use communication strategies. The data was obtained through recording the conversations between instructors and the learners in teaching and learning activities. This study revealed that the learners frequently used stalling or time gaining when communicating their ideas or opinions. Assertive was the dominant speech act used by the learners, whereas expressive was the least. This could be because during the learning process, the learners were the ones who answered questions and expressed ideas in response to the instructors' questions.]]>
<![CDATA[Marine Ecolexicon of Noun-Verb of the Coast Community in Pesisir Barus, Central Tapanuli ]]>
<![CDATA[Rosliana Lubis]]>;
<![CDATA[Dwi Widayati]]>
<![CDATA[ JURNAL ARBITRER Vol. 8 No. 1 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masyarakat Linguistik Indonesia Universitas Andalas ]]>
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DOI: 10.25077/ar.8.1.82-92.2021
<![CDATA[This study aims to describe the lingual form, which is a manifestation of the understanding of the speech community of the environment towards its environmental dimension. The theory used in this research is ecolinguistic. Data in the form of basic lexicons and affixed lexicons related to the marine environment were collected through interviews with informants. Furthermore, the data were analyzed by grouping them based on the word class, environmental category, and the affixation process contained in the affixed words. The results of the study show that many marine environmental lexicons which are divided into noun lexicon and verb lexicon. The noun lexicon is divided into four lexicon categories, namely: (1) Marine Environmental Fauna Lexicon (88 lexicons); (2) Flora of the Marine Environment Flora (9 lexicons); (3) Lexicon of Facilities / Infrastructure for Marine Environmental Activities (16 lexicons); and (4) Nominal Environmental Lexicon (7 lexicons). The number of vocabulary that is still recorded in the cognition of the Barus coastal Malay language community indicates that the community is very familiar with its environment and therefore the vocabularies are preserved.]]>
<![CDATA[The Comparison of the Formation of Indonesian and Arabic Plural Meanings (Contrastive Analysis) ]]>
<![CDATA[Sofia Nur Khasanah]]>;
<![CDATA[Imam Baehaqie]]>
<![CDATA[ JURNAL ARBITRER Vol. 8 No. 1 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masyarakat Linguistik Indonesia Universitas Andalas ]]>
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DOI: 10.25077/ar.8.1.25-34.2021
<![CDATA[This study compares the process of forming plural words in Indonesian and Arabic to determine the similarities and differences in the markers of the two languages' plural meaning through contrastive analysis studies. The data in this study are fragments of speech that are thought to contain plural meaning. They are taken from the source of data in the form of speech that contains plural meanings in the two languages' books. The data are analyzed using the split method with the Direct Element Dividing technique and the equivalent method using the Determination Element Determination technique. This study indicates that the formation of plural languages in Indonesian and Arabic has similarities and differences in rules. The equation includes the addition of affixes, numeral, plural lexical meanings, and changes in pronouns. The differences in the rules of the formation of plural words of Indonesian and Arabic include reduplication, internal modification, the existence of dualistic forms, gender differences in words, case differences, and subject-predicate relationships.]]>
<![CDATA[Grammaticalization Cases Through the Four Linguistic shifts ]]>
<![CDATA[Mohammad Ali Al Zahrani]]>
<![CDATA[ JURNAL ARBITRER Vol. 8 No. 1 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masyarakat Linguistik Indonesia Universitas Andalas ]]>
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DOI: 10.25077/ar.8.1.1-13.2021
<![CDATA[The present study aims at describing the grammaticalization phenomenon of some HA elements that, to the best of the author,s knowledge, have not been dealt with. It argues that the elements xən, ʕsəs and lissa have gradually developed from the verb xalla, the preposition phrases (PP) ʕla asa:s and ila al-sa:ʕah respectively. To achieve this, the paper speculates that these developed forms have followed the prevalently agreed upon grammaticalization chains where they have undergone desemanticization (semantic shift), decategorialization (morphosyntactic shift), cliticization (morphophonological shift) and erosion (phonetic shift). These chains exhibit the grammaticalization stages of the elements under study.]]>
<![CDATA[Communication Strategies of Warning in Novel Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte ]]>
<![CDATA[Fadlul Rahman]]>;
<![CDATA[Santi Kurniati]]>
<![CDATA[ JURNAL ARBITRER Vol. 8 No. 1 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masyarakat Linguistik Indonesia Universitas Andalas ]]>
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DOI: 10.25077/ar.8.1.51-58.2021
<![CDATA[Jane Eyre's novel was published in 1847 written by (Charlotte, 1983), in the early years of the Victorian period. This research sample is all of the communication strategies of warning that find in the novel Jane Eyre. It can be informed of dialogue between characters or inform of phrases and words related to politeness and communication strategies (Brown & Levinson, 1987). The results show that each character of Jane Eyre can be different from one to another in delivering a warning statement. They tend to give greetings before warning their addressee to respect the addressee, give information or advice toward the addressee, or impose the addressee with a threatening word. Based on basis finding data from 65 forms of speech acts of warning, it is concluded that Brown and Levinson's communication strategies exist in the way of characters' communication in warning their hearer. The strategies are classified into four strategies; bald on the record appear 8 times or 12,3%, positive politeness appears 32 times or 46,2%, negative politeness appears 18 times or 28,6%, and off the record appear 7 times 10,7%. Positive politeness strategy is the most frequent strategy used by characters with the elaboration of several sub-strategies. The sub- strategy most often used is to give reason 7 times or 10.7%.]]>
<![CDATA[Teaching Speaking Skills through Role Play at Elementary Level: An Analysis ]]>
<![CDATA[Muhammad Safdar Bhatti]]>
<![CDATA[ JURNAL ARBITRER Vol. 8 No. 1 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masyarakat Linguistik Indonesia Universitas Andalas ]]>
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DOI: 10.25077/ar.8.1.93-100.2021
<![CDATA[English has won the status of International language. The quality of our expression depends on our use of speaking skills. The importance and value of speaking English have been accepted worldwide. In Pakistan, Teaching English was mainly focused upon reading and writing skills. But in today's world, listening and speaking skills have become much more important than in the past. Recently, the value of role-play in the classroom situation has become mandatory to make the teaching-learning process easy, attractive, and interesting. The implementation of role-play was expected to be an effective way to improve the learners' speaking skills. So in the present study, the focus is on this matter whether the use of role play can be beneficial in bringing a positive change in the teaching-learning process of speaking skills for elementary level learners. The collective problems of the teachers and students during speaking English were the main focus of the study. 360 students and twenty teachers of Bahawalpur region participated in this study. Pre-test, post-test, and questionnaire were used as a tool to collect the data from the respondents. The findings of the study showed that there was a significant difference between pre-test and post-test results. It was suggested that speech practice with the help of role play should be encouraged at the elementary level.]]>
<![CDATA[Indonesian Lingual Variation Use Among Millennials In The Industrial Revolution Era 4.0 ]]>
<![CDATA[Ratna Juwitasari Emha]]>;
<![CDATA[Dede Fatinova]]>
<![CDATA[ JURNAL ARBITRER Vol. 8 No. 1 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masyarakat Linguistik Indonesia Universitas Andalas ]]>
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DOI: 10.25077/ar.8.1.35-45.2021
<![CDATA[It is a fact that language is dynamic, and nothing can not stop it from changing. This dynamism has implications for the use of various languages among Indonesians. The youth mostly uses it because they are active and massive users of technology and social media. This research aims to describe the form and character of the linguistic variation of slang which is popularly used by the millennial generation. In this study, data is taken from social media, and direct informants then analyzed using a qualitative descriptive method. The results showed that four types of linguistic variation of slang which is popularly used by the millennial generation such phonology (32,29%), morphology (22,92%), syntax (4,17%), and semantics aspect (40, 63%). Based on the results, the millennial generation's most dominant type of semantics aspect with 39 data (40, 63%). It means that millennials preferred using more slang utterances modified in semantic elements. Millennials did not completely change or create many new meanings. They retained the meanings of existing references only in the forms of new terms.]]>
<![CDATA[Importance of Language Laboratory in Developing Language Skills ]]>
<![CDATA[Devina Krishna]]>
<![CDATA[ JURNAL ARBITRER Vol. 8 No. 1 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masyarakat Linguistik Indonesia Universitas Andalas ]]>
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DOI: 10.25077/ar.8.1.101-106.2021
<![CDATA[The present paper deals with the importance of language laboratory in developing language skills. It basically presents how language labs are useful in developing language skills of the learners. Apart from the classroom lectures that students attend, the practical classes held in language labs hone their ability to comprehend language in a better manner. The present paper discusses the importance of these labs, benefits the receivers receive and why there is an urgent need for more such labs in academic institutions.]]>
