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Jurnal Fisika Unand
Published by Universitas Andalas
ISSN : 23028491     EISSN : 26862433     DOI : https://doi.org/10.25077/jfu
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics
Makalah yang dapat dipublikasikan dalam jurnal ini adalah makalah dalam bidang Fisika meliputi Fisika Atmosfir, Fisika Bumi, Fisika Intrumentasi, Fisika Material, Fisika Nuklir, Fisika Radiasi, Fisika Komputasi, Fisika Teori, Biofisika, ataupun bidang lain yang masih ada kaitannya dengan ilmu fisika.
Arjuna Subject : Fisika dan Astronomi - Fisika Nuklir dan Molekuler, dan Ooptik
Articles 1,828 Documents
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Jaringan Sensor Nirkabel Multisensor untuk Pemantauan Aktivitas Gunung Api dan Peringatan Dini Berbasis IoT Raihan Qodri; Melany Febrina; Eko Satria
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 15 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.15.2.174-187.2026

Abstract

This research presents the development of a multisensor wireless monitoring system designed to observe ground vibration, CO₂ concentration, and SO₂ concentration as early indicators of volcanic activity. The system integrates an ADXL335 accelerometer, MG-811 CO₂ sensor, and MQ-136 SO₂ sensor with an Arduino-based microcontroller, LoRa communication modules, and an Internet-of-Things (IoT) platform for real-time monitoring. Sensor calibration was carried out using controlled laboratory procedures, including drop tests for vibration measurement and gas exposure tests for CO₂ and SO₂ detection. The IoT layer, consisting of an MQTT-based web dashboard and automated Telegram notifications, successfully visualized sensor data and delivered early-warning messages during the outdoor test. The three-day outdoor simulation demonstrated stable operation of the sensor nodes, LoRa transmission, and solar-powered supply. Although the system has not yet been validated in a real volcanic environment, the prototype shows the feasibility of integrating multiple sensing modalities with low-power wireless communication and IoT-based data services. This indicates its potential for further development into a field-deployable volcanic monitoring and early-warning system.
Seismic Site Response Characterisation of Sungai Serut Sub-district, Bengkulu City, Using the Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) Method Rendoza; Muchammad Farid; Refrizon Refrizon; Debi Hardiansa; Andre Rahmat Al Ansory; Hana Raihana
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 15 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.15.2.204-210.2026

Abstract

Bengkulu City, located on the west coast of Sumatra, is highly susceptible to seismic hazards due to active tectonic settings. This study investigates subsurface characteristics, ground amplification, and the seismic vulnerability index (Kg) in Sungai Serut Village using the Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) method based on microtremor measurements. The results indicate that the dominant frequency (f₀) ranges from 1.00 to 6.87 Hz, reflecting variations in sediment stiffness and near surface geological conditions. Based on the dominant frequency distribution, the subsurface materials are predominantly classified as type II soil, which generally corresponds to medium-density sedimentary deposits. The spectral amplification factor (A₀) varies between 1.64 and 5.88, indicating moderate to high amplification levels. The seismic vulnerability index (Kg) ranges from 0.51 to 20.49, with the highest values observed at measurement points 20 and 21, suggesting greater susceptibility to strong ground motion. These findings provide important insights for seismic hazard assessment and support earthquake-resilient spatial planning and infrastructure development in Bengkulu City.
Sintesis Hijau dan Karakterisasi Nanopartikel ZnO Menggunakan Ekstrak Daun Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis) Daniel Hizhar; Sri Handani; Elvaswer
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 15 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.15.2.236-243.2026

Abstract

This study aims to synthesize zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles through a green synthesis approach using palm oil leaf extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The green synthesis method utilizes phytochemical compounds present in the palm oil leaf extract to reduce zinc acetate dihydrate precursor into ZnO nanoparticles. The crystal structure, functional groups, and morphology of the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), respectively. The XRD results indicate that the ZnO nanoparticles exhibit a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure without impurity phases, with an average crystallite size of 22.20 nm. FTIR analysis confirms the presence of Zn–O bonds along with residual organic functional groups originating from the palm oil leaf extract. FESEM images reveal spherical to quasi-spherical particle morphology with agglomerated structures and a uniformly distributed average particle size of 84.40 nm. These results demonstrate that palm oil leaf extract is effective for the green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles.
Land Cover Change in Riau Province and Its Implications for Carbon Stock and CO₂ Emissions Ramadani Safitri; Marzuki Marzuki; Eko Priyanda; Syafira Salsabila; Ridwan Ridwan; Riki Rahman
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 15 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.15.2.221-228.2026

Abstract

This study aims to analyze peatland land cover changes in Riau Province during 2012, 2016, 2020, and 2024 and their implications for carbon stock and CO₂ emissions. The study used Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS satellite imagery processed through supervised classification and multitemporal overlay analysis using ArcGIS. The results indicate that vegetation remained the dominant land cover class but experienced a cumulative decline of 1,393,360 ha, especially during 2016–2020 following the 2015 major fires, while built-up areas increased by 249,357 ha. This vegetation loss significantly affected carbon stocks, with an estimated loss of 418,008,000 tons C or 1,534,089,360 tons CO₂, and the 2016–2020 period contributed most to emissions. These findings confirm that peatland land cover changes are not only spatially significant but also influence carbon dynamics and greenhouse gas emissions. Multitemporal remote sensing analysis proved effective in monitoring land cover changes and estimating carbon emissions, providing a scientific basis for sustainable peatland management and regional climate change mitigation strategies.
Studi Petrografi Sinter Silika di Mata Air Panas Garara, Gunung Talang, Kabupaten Solok Ardian Putra; Dwi Puryanti; Afdal Afdal; Akfiny Hasdi Aimon
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 15 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.15.2.244-249.2026

Abstract

Mount Talang is an area that has geothermal potential and on its surface is found many surface manifestations in the form of hot springs. One of the hot springs that produces silica sinter is at Garara hot spring. A petrographic test was carried out to determine mineral content of the silica sinter. Petrographic testing shows a volcaniclastic, hypocrystalline texture with a massive structure, angular-subangular grain shape, grain size <0.1-3.5 mm. The silica sinter consists of plagioclase, pyroxene, biotite and opaque minerals in a volcanic glass matrix, where volcanic glass has the largest content. Because the position of the area where the hot springs come out is in a volcanic range, the presence of volcanic glass and the abundance of minerals or similar altered minerals shows that the sample is influenced by minerals usually contained in volcanic systems.
Analisis Coulomb Stress Change Nodal Plane 1 dan Nodal Plane 2 Pada Gempa Palu 7.5 Mw dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Likuifaksi Vegas Satrio Caniago; Rizky Mulya; Mhd Hadi Sabilil Haq; Rizki Wulandari
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 15 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.15.3.314-322.2026

Abstract

This study analyzes the Coulomb Stress Change (CSC) resulting from the Mw 7.5 Palu earthquake on September 28, 2018, to determine the actual fault plane and examine the spatial relationship between the distribution of stress changes and the locations of liquefaction. The data used were derived from the USGS catalog, which includes the mainshock and aftershocks, with the mainshock’s focal mechanism parameters strike, dip, and rake from two nodal planes, which were then processed using Coulomb 3.4 software, with an effective friction coefficient of 0.4. The results show that nodal plane 2 produced the highest percentage of aftershocks in the stress increase zone (ΔCS > 0) at 55.75%, higher than nodal plane 1 at only 40.7%, and its orientation is consistent with the direction of the Palu-Koro fault (NNW-SSE). Therefore, based on this, nodal plane 2 is interpreted as the actual fault plane of the main earthquake. Overlay analysis indicates that 3 of the 4 primary liquefaction sites Petobo, Lolu, and Jono Oge are located within the Coulomb stress increase zone based on nodal plane 2, suggesting a spatial association between the stress increase zone and liquefaction events, although a direct causal relationship cannot be concluded without further geotechnical validation. These findings suggest that Coulomb stress analysis has the potential to be used as an initial approach in identifying liquefaction-prone zones, particularly in areas with Geological conditions of water-saturated Quaternary alluvial deposits around active faults. The resulting stress distribution map can be used as supporting scientific data in disaster risk-based spatial planning and zoning of liquefaction-prone areas.
Pembuatan Dan Karakterisasi Bolus Berbahan Beeswax Dengan Variasi Komposisi Massa Petrolleum Jelly Milania Ada Loveleace Murmana; Alimin Mahyudin; Rico Adrial; Fiqi Diyona
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 15 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.15.3.300-305.2026

Abstract

The manufacture and characterization of beeswax bolus with various petroleum jelly mass compositions using a thermal mixing method has been carried out. Boluses measuring 10×10 cm with a thickness of 1.0 cm were characterized based on physical properties (density and water absorption), mechanical (tensile strength, strain, and elastic modulus), Relative Electron Density (RED), and absorbed dose. The results showed that the mass composition significantly influenced the bolus characteristics. The sample with a composition of 90:30 had a density of 0.966 g/cm³ which was closest to soft tissue, while the water absorption was in the range of 7.22– 8.54% with the lowest value at the composition of 85:35. Increasing the petroleum jelly content decreased the tensile strength and elastic modulus (1138–2251 MPa), indicating that the material became more flexible. Measurement of the absorbed dose at electron energies of 6 and 9 MeV and RED analysis of CT images showed that the dosimetric response was influenced by the mass composition, with certain RED values equivalent to breast tissue. Overall, the 85:35 composition provides the closest characteristics to human soft tissue and has the potential to be used as a radiotherapy bolus.
Identifikasi Kerentanan Bangunan terhadap Gempa Bumi Menggunakan Data Mikrotremor pada Stadion Utama Sumatera Barat Ferdi Khairil Abdi; Ahmad Fauzi Pohan
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 15 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.15.3.306-313.2026

Abstract

The earthquake that struck Padang and its surrounding areas in 2009 caused significant damage to infrastructure and buildings, reinforcing the fact that West Sumatra is a seismically active region. As the region continued to develop, West Sumatra completed the construction of a stadium in 2018, serving as a crucial facility, particularly for sports, with a seating capacity of 40,000 spectators.Based on its location and function, this study aims to assess the structural condition of the West Sumatra Main Stadium by analyzing its seismic vulnerability index and particle motion. The goal is to mitigate potential losses, prevent damage, and enhance the effectiveness of building maintenance. The seismic vulnerability index () is calculated using the dominant frequency () and amplification factor (), obtained from microtremor data analysis at 42 data acquisition points using the Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) method. Meanwhile, particle motion analysis is conducted using the Particle Motion method.The results indicate that the building’s natural frequency ranges from 0.8 to 1.65 Hz, with an amplification factor between 0.35 and 1.8. The calculated seismic vulnerability index is relatively low, ranging from 0.1 to 3.6. Additionally, the particle motion analysis shows alignment across all floors. These findings suggest that the West Sumatra Main Stadium is in good structural condition with a low level of seismic vulnerability, ensuring its safety for continued use.
Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Struktur dan Sifat Fluresensi Nanokomposit Fe3O4/CQD@ZIF-8 Chika Yandora; Astuti Astuti; Dwi Puryanti
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 15 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.15.3.323-330.2026

Abstract

Advances in nanotechnology are driving the development of multifunctional materials, one of which is magnetic-luminescent nanocomposites that combine magnetic and fluorescent properties in a single system. These materials hold great potential for biomedical applications, particularly in bioimaging. Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles are widely used as magnetic materials due to their biocompatibility and low toxicity, while Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs) are used as luminescent materials because they exhibit strong fluorescence, high photostability, and are non-toxic. However, Fe3O4/CQD nanocomposites suffer from particle agglomeration and quenching effects. To address these issues, encapsulation was performed using Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 (ZIF-8), which possesses biocompatible, biodegradable properties, and high surface area and porosity. In this study, Fe₃O₄/CQD@ZIF-8 nanocomposites were synthesized. Coating with ZIF-8 is expected to act as a protective layer that has the potential to reduce agglomeration and minimize the quenching effect. The crystalline structure and functional groups of the material were characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), while its optical properties were analyzed using fluorescence spectroscopy.
STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF MOX FUEL VARIATIONS ON THE OPERATIONAL CYCLE OF NUSCALE REACTOR Lola Febryandini Hasibuan; Dian Fitriyani; Helen Raflis
Jurnal Fisika Unand Vol 15 No 3 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jfu.15.3.331-338.2026

Abstract

This study analyzes the effect of Mixed Oxide (MOX) fuel variations on the operational cycle of the NuScale reactor. The MOX fuel variations used include monoThPu, monoUPu, multiUPu, multiThUPu, and multiTh, with a focus on changes in the isotopic composition of plutonium, uranium, and thorium. The modeling was performed using the OpenMC code based on the Monte Carlo method with the ENDF/B-VIII.0 nuclear data library. A core design modification was made in Batch A-01 by replacing the standard uranium fuel with MOX variations without gadolinia. The simulation results show that all MOX configurations are supercritical at beginning of the cycle () and gradually decrease to the refueling limit (). The monoThPu, monoUPu, multiUPu, and multiThUPu fuels can maintain criticality for up to 24 months of operation, whereas multiTh achieves only 16 months. Fuels with higher fissile isotope fractions, such as Pu-239 and Pu-241, produce sharper neutron flux distributions at the core center, while the dominance of Th-232 in multiTh results in a more uniform flux profile. The Power Peaking Factor (PPF) values remain within the thermal design safety limit (PPF < 1.3).

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