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Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Andalas Kampus Universitas Andalas Limau Manih Padang 25163
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INDONESIA
Jurnal Riset Kimia
Published by Universitas Andalas
ISSN : 1978628X     EISSN : 24768960     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Chemistry
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 11 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 16 No. 1 (2025): March" : 11 Documents clear
Isolation and Elucidation Structure of the Chemical Component from Ethyl Acetate Subfraction of Kelakai Stems (Stenochlaena palustris) Pardede, Antoni; Wardhani, Raden Roro Ariessanty Alicia Kusuma
Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 16 No. 1 (2025): March
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jrk.v16i1.706

Abstract

Kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris) belongs to the Blechnaceae family and offers numerous health benefits due to its chemical components. The isolation and structure elucidation of the chemical components from the ethyl acetate subfraction of the kelakai stems (Stenochlaena palustris) have been carried out. The isolation process began with the preadsorption of 241 mg of the E5.6 subfraction, which was then subjected to separation and purification using column chromatography. Three solvent combinations were used in the process: (chloroform 100%, chloroform: methanol (9:1), and chloroform: methanol (8:2)). The choice of solvent was based on the stain patterns observed in thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The chemical component was successfully isolated after chromatography, resulting in a white needle crystal weighing 15.2 mg and a single spot on the TLC, which was monitored using ultraviolet light at a wavelength of 254 nm. The structure of the chemical component was elucidated using 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra, and comparison with literature data confirmed that the isolated compound from the ethyl acetate subfraction of the kelakai stems is succinic acid.
Physical, Mechanical, and Antioxidant Properties of Edible Film from Jackfruit Seed Starch and Microcellulose with Addition of Green Tea Extract Kemala, Tetty; Nada, Nida Kotrun; Arifin, Budi
Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 16 No. 1 (2025): March
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jrk.v16i1.709

Abstract

Edible films are gaining popularity as biodegradable alternatives to plastic packaging. Starch-microcellulose-based edible films are known to exhibit favorable physical and mechanical properties. However, enhancing their resistance to deterioration as food packaging is essential for extending shelf life of the product. This study aimed to develop edible films from jackfruit seed starch and microcellulose with the incorporation of green tea extract and to evaluate its effects on the films’ antioxidant activity, physical, and mechanical properties. Edible films were prepared with green tea extract at concentrations of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% (w/w of total starch). The produced films exhibited a smooth and elastic texture. The addition of green tea extract enhanced antioxidant properties, as indicated by an increase in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, with the highest activity observed at 10% extract concentration. Furthermore, the extract improved the films' thickness, density, tensile strength, and elongation while reducing water absorption and water vapor transmission rate. However, the mechanical properties did not yet meet the Indonesian National Standard for packaging materials.
Green Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Husk Extract as Milk Freshness Indicator in Chitosan/ Polyvinyl Alcohol-based Smart Packaging Films Barleany, Dhena Ria; Yulvianti, Meri; Jayanuddin, Jayanuddin; Rasyid Setiadi, Hilman; Mulyo Prasetyo, Rizky
Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 16 No. 1 (2025): March
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jrk.v16i1.738

Abstract

The growing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly food packaging has prompted research into innovative solutions that tackle environmental challenges and consumer health concerns. Food spoilage typically results from microbial activity, which is subsequently influenced by alterations in pH levels within the packaging environment. Plants, such as green coconut husk extract, contain anthocyanin, a water-soluble natural pigment with significant antioxidant and antibacterial properties, whose color changes in response to variations in the surrounding pH. This research focuses on the development of a pH-responsive packaging film utilizing chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), integrated with green coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) husk extract, through a casting method to monitor milk freshness. An extraction procedure employing a maceration technique was conducted on green coconut husk utilizing methanol solvent with the incorporation of 1 % HCl (v/v). The thickness, mechanical properties, and pH-responsiveness of the resulting films with varying extract to chitosan volume ratios were examined in detail. The films were subsequently employed to monitor real-time applications concerning milk freshness. The results indicated that the addition of green coconut husk extract resulted in significant variations in the thickness, tensile strength, and elongation at the break of the film samples. The films exhibited thicknesses between 0.28 and 0.38 mm, demonstrating optimal mechanical properties at an extract-to-chitosan ratio of 4:1 (v/v), with tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (EB) recorded at 4.65 MPa and 3.625%, respectively. The films exhibited a pH-sensitive color change from dark red to brown in acidic conditions. The findings indicate that the PVA/chitosan smart film, which contains green coconut husk extract, has the potential to serve as a deterioration indicator in packaged milk products.
Hydrothermal and Coprecipitation Synthesis Design of BiVO4 for Methylene Blue Degradation Riapanitra, Anung; Setyaningtyas, Tien; Haryanto, Michael Julian; Haryadinaru, Ghinatanitha Haqqu
Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 16 No. 1 (2025): March
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jrk.v16i1.740

Abstract

This study investigated the characteristics and photocatalytic activity of BiVO4 photocatalyst synthesized using hydrothermal and coprecipitation methods for methylene blue (MB) degradation under visible light. The variation of synthesis parameters, including pH, calcination temperature, and pH of MB solution, affects the crystal structure, morphology, and photocatalytic efficiency of the material. XRD characterization results show that the hydrothermal method produces BiVO4 with pure scheelite(m-s) monoclinic phase and high crystallinity, while the coprecipitation method produces a combination of scheelite(m-s) monoclinic and orthorhombic Bi4V2O11 phases, which contributes to enhanced photocatalytic activity through better charge separation. The average crystal size of the hydrothermal method is 17.85 nm, larger than that of coprecipitation (11.41-14.71 nm), which gives the coprecipitated material a surface area advantage. SEM analysis showed rod-like morphology in hydrothermal, while coprecipitation produced sphere-grape-like particles. UV-Vis DRS results show that hydrothermal synthesized BiVO4 has a band gap energy of 2.28 eV, smaller than BiV(4)(400) (2.46 eV) and higher than BiV(4)(550) (2.07 eV) synthesized using coprecipitation method. This smaller band gap energy indicates that the interaction of Bi³⁺ and VO₄³- ions in the hydrothermal material is better, thus favoring visible light absorption. The highest photocatalytic activity was obtained from the coprecipitated material with a degradation efficiency of 89.32% at pH 11 within 150 min, higher than the hydrothermal material which reached 76.06% under similar conditions. This photocatalytic activity was dominated by OH* and O2-* radicals, which play a role in MB degradation. This study shows that designing synthesis pH parameters (4-7), calcination temperature (400), and coprecipitation method produced a material with optimum photocatalytic performance, making BiVO4 a superior candidate for colored wastewater treatment applications.
Study of Aluminum-Copper Electrodes for Chromium and Chemical Oxygen Demand Removal from Tannery Wastewater by Electrocoagulation Rivaldi, Mochammad Heldry; Rizky, Amelia; Hardian, Arie; Murniati, Anceu
Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 16 No. 1 (2025): March
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jrk.v16i1.744

Abstract

This study investigates the efficacy of the electrocoagulation (EC) process using aluminum (Al) anodes and cathodes for the treatment of leather tanning wastewater. Initial characterization revealed a chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 901.96 mg/L and total chromium content of 38.741 mg/L, where it exceeds the discharge limit permitted by the Minister of Environment Regulation No. 5/2014, the permissible limit for COD in industrial wastewater is 110 mg/L, and for total chromium, it is 0.6 mg/L. The EC process, conducted under varying conditions of electrolysis time (10, 20, and 30 minutes), potential (2.0, 3.0, 3.5, and 4.5 V), and current intensity (1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 A), demonstrated substantial reductions in both COD and chromium levels. The lowest COD value achieved was 28.05 mg/L at 3A, 4.5 V, and 30 minutes, representing a reduction of 52.09% to 74.50%. Total chromium content was reduced to as low as 0.013 mg/L, indicating a reduction of 90.45% to 97.83%. pH levels were monitored, revealing an increase due to OH- ion formation, with final pH values ranging from 6.38 to 8.34. XRF analysis of the commercial Al anode indicated a composition of 98.1% Al, 0.615% Fe, 0.522% Si, and 0.163% Zn. The findings underscore the effectiveness of the EC process in reducing COD and chromium content in leather tanning wastewater, meeting and exceeding regulatory standards.
Development of The Scanometric Method for Caffeine Determination in Pharmaceutical Preparations Hidayat, Mochammad Amrun; Yunita; Panida, Rahma Riska; Ningsih, Indah Yulia; Kuswandi, Bambang
Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 16 No. 1 (2025): March
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jrk.v16i1.756

Abstract

The caffeine assay can be developed by using sensitive reagents for caffeine detection, such as sodium periodate (NaIO4), acetic acid (CH3COOH), and 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone (MBTH) inside 96-microwell plate. The addition of caffeine solution could change the color of the reagent from white to deep blue which can be then scanned and quantified by a flatbed scanner and the color image analysis program, known as the scanometric method. Analytical characterization such as linearity, LOD, LOQ, precision, accuracy, and stability of the developed method was established by using caffeine standard. The result of caffeine analysis using the developed method agreed with that of the spectrophotometric method, suggesting that the developed method can be used as an alternative method for caffeine assay in pharmaceutical preparations.
The Liquid Smoke from Empty Oil Palm Bunches (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) as a Natural Fungicide and Its Ability to Inhibit the Growth of Colletotrichum sp. Fungus Adam, Dini Hariyati; Hasibuan, Mila Nirmala Sari
Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 16 No. 1 (2025): March
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jrk.v16i1.758

Abstract

The primary pest of red chili plants is anthracnose disease. Anthracnose is caused by the fungus Colletotrichum sp. Anthracnose is controlled with synthetic fungicides, but their long-term usage can harm the environment by leaving residues in the soil that are difficult to degrade, causing environmental degradation and a severe impact on the health of human. The goal of this study was to see how much potential liquid smoke had as a natural fungicide in preventing Colletotrichum sp. growth. It is recognized that liquid smoke emitted by empty oil palm bunches includes antioxidant compounds that function as antifeedants, contact poisons, and stomach poisons against plant pests. These compounds have the ability to act as natural fungicides, preventing the rise of Colletotrichum sp. The pyrolysis process produces liquid smoke at temperatures ranging from 350°C to 450°C. Total phenol and total acid content are determined from the obtained liquid smoke. The total phenol a material was identified using the well diffusion method, and the findings were 12.57%. Meanwhile, the maximum total acid content was found in liquid smoke from pyrolysis at 450oC (38.4 mg/L) with a volume of liquid smoke produced of 790mL. The ideal liquid smoke concentrations for limiting the increasing number of Colletotrichum sp. fungus are 20% and 30%, with average values of 4.28 and 7.73 mm, respectively. With a very strong inhibitory response category.
Bioactivity of Red Leaf Extract of Pucuk Merah Plant (Syzygium myrtifolium Walp.) Suryati; Santoni, Adlis; Arifin, Bustanul; Aisya, Nurul; Frisky, Sintia; Aisyah, Siti
Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 16 No. 1 (2025): March
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jrk.v16i1.760

Abstract

Syzygium myrtifolium Walp. is an ornamental plant traditionally used as an herbal medicine. Ethanol extract of Syzygium myrtifolium Walp. has been reported to have activities as an antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial. In this study, Syzygium myrtifolium Walp is extracted. Leaves were carried out using a multistage maceration method using methanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane solvents. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and toxicity tests were performed, and secondary metabolite compounds, total flavonoid content, and total phenolic content were identified on red leaf extract. Total phenolic content was tested using the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent, total flavonoids with the AlCl3 reagent, antioxidants with the DPPH method, antimicrobial using the disc diffusion method, and toxicity tested using the BSLT method. The result showed that Syzygium myrtifolium Walp. Red leaf extract contained a secondary metabolite of triterpenoids, steroids, phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, and coumarins. The ethyl acetate and methanol extract's total phenolic and flavonoid content were 311.0520 and 420.360 mg GAE/g extract and 211.788 and 105.360 mg QE/g extract. Antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate and methanol showed that the extracts were highly antioxidant with IC50 of 19.606 and 12.0656 mg/L. The antimicrobial activity showed that the hexane extract was resistant to the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes and the fungus Candida albicans. However, no inhibition zones were produced for Pseudomonas aerigunosa and Escherichia coli bacteria. The toxicity test showed that the hexane and ethyl acetate extract had strong toxic properties with LC50 of 56.65 and 16.79 mg/L, and the methanol extract was toxic with LC50 of 224.2846 mg/L.
Selectivity of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-based Chitosan Membrane for Caffeine Separation by Filtration Amanda, Eviomitta Rizki; Oktavianti, Lia Wanda; Aisyah, Mareta Nur; Azizah, Cindy Izatin; Nurfadlilah, Lilik
Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 16 No. 1 (2025): March
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jrk.v16i1.767

Abstract

Caffeine is a chemical compound that can be isolated from coffee beans. The isolation and purification of caffeine compounds have been successfully carried out using a filtration method using chitosan biomaterial synthesized by molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP). Chitosan as a functional polymer is dissolved in acetic acid (2% v/v) with stirring at 60°C overnight until a clear and homogeneous solution is formed. Furthermore, caffeine as a template molecule is added to the polymer solution and stirred for 60 minutes. The polymer solution is poured into a petri dish until evenly distributed and dried in an oven at 60°C for 12 hours. The dried polymer solution is then soaked in sodium tripolyphosphate as a crosslinking solution and dried again in the oven until the membrane sheet separates from the petri dish. The membrane sheet is then washed using distilled water until the pH is neutral and continued washing with chloroform to remove caffeine from the membrane pores to form an MIP membrane. The formed MIP membrane is characterized using FTIR and SEM. The MIP membrane was then cut into a circle, inserted into an empty syringe, and used to filter samples containing caffeine. The filtration results were analyzed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer which showed that caffeine filtered with the MIP membrane contained less interference than caffeine filtered with a non-imprinted polymer membrane (NIP). Quantitative analysis was also carried out using the spiked sample method to determine the recovery value of the filtration results. From this study, the percentage recovery value (% recovery) was obtained at 96.16 - 103.80%.
Determination of Apoptosis Level of Hela Cells Treated with Disobinol Compound from Chisocheton Macrophyllus Plant Hafiz, Ersanda; Albayyinah, Dyandra Hera; Melati, Rima; Herlina, Tati; Permadi, Nandang; Amalia, Riezki; Nurlelasari, Nurlelasari; Gaffar, Shabarni
Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 16 No. 1 (2025): March
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jrk.v16i1.772

Abstract

Disobinol is a limonoid compound from the seeds of the Chisocheton macrophyllus plant that has been reported to have anticancer activity against cervical cancer cell lines. Cervical cancer is a type of cancer caused by infection with Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18, leading to the transformation of normal cervical epithelial cells into cancerous cells. Previous studies show that Disobinol has a cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells with the IC50 value 52,92 μg/mL (24 hours’ incubation). This study aims to determine the level of apoptosis in HeLa cells treated with Disobinol and observe the DNA fragmentation in HeLa cells undergoing apoptosis. The HeLa cells were treated with Disobinol at concentrations of 26,5 μg/mL (1/2 IC50), 52,3 μg/mL (IC50), and 104,6 μg/mL (2x IC50) and incubated for 24 hours. The level of apoptosis was analyzed by using flow cytometry, and the DNA fragmentation pattern was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The results showed that Disobinol induces early apoptosis in HeLa cells, although the difference in the percentage of cell death is not very significant, which were 37.05%, 37.7%, and 41.60%, respectively. The DNA fragmentation pattern in HeLa cells treated with various concentrations of Disobinol was also observed on agarose gel. Therefore, Disobinol has the potential to be used as a chemotherapeutic drug or as a lead compound for the treatment of cervical cancer.

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