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Jurnal Farmasi Klinik Indonesia

ijcp
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Published by Universitas Padjadjaran

ISSN : 23375701 EISSN : 2337 5701 DOI : -

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Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy (IJCP) is a scientific publication on all aspect of clinical pharmacy. It published 4 times a year by Clinical Pharmacy Master Program Universitas Padjadjaran to provide a forum for clinicians, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals to share best practice, encouraging networking and a more collaborative approach in patient care. Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy is intended to feature quality research articles in clinical pharmacy to become scientific guide in fields related to clinical pharmacy. It is a peer-reviewed journal and publishes original research articles, review articles, case reports, commentaries, and brief research communications on all aspects of Clinical Pharmacy. It is also a media for publicizing meetings and news relating to advances in Clinical Pharmacy in the regions.

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Articles 540 Documents

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Pengaruh Konversi Antibiotik Intravena ke Rute Per-oral terhadap Outcome Ekonomi, Klinis dan Humanis pada Pasien Rawat Inap Laksmi Maharani; Esti D. Utami; Ika Mustikaningtias; Masita W. Suryoputri; Pugud Samodro
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 8, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Konversi terapi intravena ke rute per-oral dengan memperhatikan perbaikan hemodinamik pasien dalam 48 jam dapat menghemat biaya pengobatan tanpa mengabaikan efektivitas terapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh intervensi konversi antibiotik intravena ke rute per-oral terhadap outcome klinis berupa lama rawat inap dan konversi angka leukosit pasien; outcome humanis berupa kualitas hidup pasien (WHOQOL-BREF), dan outcome ekonomi berupa biaya antibiotik pasien. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuasi-eksperimental dengan kelompok intervensi dan kontrol, single blind, tanpa randomisasi. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien yang mendapatkan antibiotik seftriakson intravena yang dirawat inap di bangsal penyakit dalam RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo, Purwokerto selama bulan September sampai Oktober 2017. Pasien intervensi mendapatkan intervensi berupa konversi antibiotik lebih awal, yaitu 2 hari setelah diberikan antibiotik intravena. Dilakukan perbandingan lama rawat inap, penurunan angka leukosit, biaya antibiotik, dan kualitas hidup pasien antara kelompok kontrol dan intervensi menggunakan analisis statistik Mann-Whitney dan Independent t-test. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari 22 subjek yang terbagi dalam 6 pasien intervensi dan 16 pasien kontrol, terjadi penurunan rata-rata lama rawat inap pasien intervensi dibanding kontrol 3,167:5 hari. Rata-rata biaya antibiotik pada kelompok intervensi lebih rendah dibanding kelompok kontrol yaitu Rp73.886,8 dan Rp173.091,125. Rata-rata selisih angka leukosit akhir pada pasien intervensi yaitu 218,33/mm3, sedangkan pada pasien kontrol 2.076.875/mm3. Kualitas hidup yang dicapai pasien lebih tinggi pada pasien kontrol (+6,6875) dibandingkan pasien intervensi (–1,33) walaupun perbedaan tersebut tidak berbeda signifikan (>0,05). Konversi lebih awal seftriakson intravena menjadi sefiksim oral mampu menurunkan lama rawat inap dan menurunkan biaya antibiotik yang dikeluarkan secara signifikan (0,017 dan 0,003).Kata kunci: Konversi antibiotik intravena ke oral, outcome ekonomi klinis dan humanis (ECHO), sefiksim, seftriakson Impact of Intravenous to Oral Antibiotic Switch Therapy towards Economic, Clinical and Humanistic Outcome in InpatientsAbstractAntibiotic conversion from intravenous form to oral form (IV to oral switch) after 48 hours therapy in hemodynamically stable patients can save the cost of treatment without neglecting the effectiveness of therapy. This study aimed to determine the influence of early switch antibiotic from iv to oral on economic clinical humanistic outcome (length of stay in hospital and white blood cell conversion as clinical outcome; quality of life as humanistic outcome using WHOQOL-BREF, and antibiotic cost as economic outcome). This was a quasi-experimental research with control and intervention group, without blinding and randomization. Subjects were inpatients who received ceftriaxone at internal medicine wards of Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo hospital for 2 months period from September until October 2017. Intervention group received early antibiotic conversion after 2 days. Length of stay, white blood cell count, quality of life and antibiotic cost were compared between control and intervention groups using Mann-Whitney and Independent t-test. The result showed that from the total of 22 subjects who were divided into intervention group (6 subjects) and control group (16 subjects), there was a decrease in average length of stay of intervention group compared to control (3.167 days and 5 days, respectively). The average of antibiotic cost in intervention group was lower than control group (IDR 73,886.8 and IDR 173,091.125, respectively). The average of white blood cell count in intervention group was 218.33/mm3 while in control group was 2,076,875/mm3. Quality of life of control group was higher (+6,6875) compared to intervention group (–1,33) but was not statistically significant. Early antibiotic switch from ceftriaxone to cefixime could reduce the length of stay and antibiotic cost significantly (0.017 and 0.003).Keywords: Cefixime, ceftriaxone, economic clinical humanistic outcome, intravenous to oral switch therapy antibiotic

Pengaruh Usia Ibu Hamil terhadap Jumlah Sel Punca Hematopoietik dan Very Small Embryonic-like Stem Cell pada Darah Tali Pusat Angliana Chouw; Bayu W. Putera; Cynthia R. Sartika; Ajeng Diantini; Tono Djuwantono; Ahmad Faried; Dwi A. P. Dewi; Julia Riswandani
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 8, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Darah tali pusat telah banyak digunakan dalam terapi regeneratif. Hal ini disebabkan darah tali pusat mengandung sel punca, yaitu sel punca hematopoietik dan very small embryonic-like stem cell. Keberhasilan terapi regeneratif menggunakan darah tali pusat membutuhkan dosis yang disesuaikan dengan berat badan dan cara pemberian sel punca. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan informasi yang dapat memengaruhi jumlah sel punca yang ada pada darah tali pusat. Usia ibu pada saat kehamilan diperkirakan memiliki pengaruh terhadap jumlah sel punca. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan studi potong lintang. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Prodia StemCell Indonesia pada bulan Desember 2017. Sebanyak 22 sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan darah tali pusat yang telah disimpan sebelumnya selama lebih dari dua tahun. Deteksi jumlah sel hematopoietik dan very small embryonic-like stem cell dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode flowcytometry. Deteksi sel punca hematopoietik dilakukan dengan menggunakan molekul penanda permukaan CD34+ dan CD45+, sedangkan deteksi very small embryonic-like stem cell dilakukan dengan menggunakan molekul penanda permukaan CD45-, CD34+, dan CD184(CXCR4)+. Pada kelompok usia ibu di atas 30 tahun, rata-rata jumlah sel hematopoietik adalah 63,71±58.419x103 sel/mL dan rata-rata jumlah very small embryonic-like stem cell adalah 7,83±7.060 x103 sel/mL. Uji beda menunjukkan semakin tua usia ibu pada saat kehamilan, jumlah sel punca semakin meningkat, namun tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan (r=0,0510; p<0,005). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa usia ibu tidak memengaruhi konsentrasi sel darah tali pusat.Kata kunci: Darah tali pusat, sel hematopoietik, sel punca, very small embryonic-like stem cell Influence of Maternal Age on Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Very Small Embryonic-like Stem Cell Concentration in Umbilical Cord BloodAbstractUmbilical cord blood (UCB) has been used in regenerative medicine due to the stem cell content in the blood. Hematopoietic stem cell and very small embryonic-like stem cell are found in UCB sample. Dosage and route of administration of stem cell need to be determined for the success of regenerative therapy. Therefore, information that can affect the stem cell number is needed. This study used cross-sectional approach, and was conducted at Prodia StemCell Laboratory in December 2017. Twenty-two UCB samples collected from Prodia StemCell Laboratory which had been stored for more than 2 years were thawed to detect the number of stem cell. Flowcytometry method was used to detect the number of hematopoietic stem cell and very small embryonic-like stem cell in UCB sample. Hematopoietic stem cell was detected using antibody CD34+ and CD45+ while very small embryonic-like stem cell was detected using CD45-, CD34+, and CD184(CXCR4)+. The mean cell number of hematopoietic stem cell and very small embryonic-like stem cell in maternal age above 30 years old group were 63.71 ±58.419x103 cell/mL and 7.83±7.060 x103 cell/mL, respectively. There was no significant difference in maternal age group during pregnancy (r=0.0510; p<0.005). In conclusion, the number of cells in umbilical cord blood due to the number of blood cell is not related to maternal age.Keywords: Hematopoeitic stem cell, stem cell, umbilical cord blood, very small embryonic-like stem cell

Pola Peresepan Rawat Jalan: Studi Observasional Menggunakan Kriteria Prescribing Indicator WHO di Salah Satu Fasilitas Kesehatan Bandung Dika P. Destiani; Syahrul Naja; Aminah Nurhadiyah; Eli Halimah; Ellin Febrina
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 5, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Penelitian ini dilakukan sebagai tahap awal evaluasi peresepan obat di salah satu fasilitas kesehatan yang akan dilakukan berkala untuk meningkatkan kualitas pengobatan pasien dengan menggunakan lima indikator peresepan berdasarkan guideline World Health Organization (WHO) yaitu jumlah obat per lembar resep, penggunaan obat generik, antibiotik, obat injeksi, dan obat esensial. Pengumpulan data resep rawat jalan diambil secara retrospektif pada periode April 2015–Maret 2016 di salah satu fasilitas kesehatan di Bandung. Sebanyak 1.814 lembar resep dengan 3.886 obat yang termasuk kriteria inklusi, diperoleh rata-rata jumlah obat per lembar yaitu 2,13 obat. Penggunaan obat generik sebesar 57,47% dari 3.886 obat. Persentase penggunaan antibiotik sebesar 15,52% dan sediaan injeksi 0,41% dari 1.814 lembar resep, sedangkan penggunaan obat esensial sebesar 39,49% dari 3.886 obat yang diresepkan. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut penggunaan obat generik dan esensial masih sangat jauh dari standar WHO (100%) sedangkan penggunaan antibiotik dan obat injeksi memiliki nilai rendah dibandingkan dengan nilai rujukan World Health Organization. Kata kunci: Indikator peresepan, obat, WHO Prescribing of Outpatient: Observational Study Using WHO Prescribing Indicator in One of Health Care Facilities in Bandung This study was held to evaluate drug pattern in one of the health facilities in Bandung using five World Health Organization guideline for prescribing indicators, which include average number of drugs per encounter, percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name, percentage of encounters with an antibiotic, injection prescribed, and drugs prescribed from essential drugs list or formulary. Outpatient prescriptions were collected retrospectively from April 2015–March 2016. Average number of drugs per encounter 2.13 was gained by dividing 3,886 drugs with 1,814 prescriptions. Percentage of using generic drugs were 57.47%, antibiotics were 15.52 % and 0.41% for injections per encounters, whereas percentage of drugs prescribed from essential drugs list was 39.49%. The result showed that usage of generic and essential drugs were still far from WHO standard (100%) while the usage of antibiotics and injections were lower than World Health Organization recommendation.Keywords: Drug, prescribing indicators, WHO

Pengaruh Program Terapi Rumatan Metadon untuk Mengurangi Dampak Buruk akibat Penggunaan Narkotika Julaeha Julaeha; Rustamaji Rustamaji; Nunung Priyatni
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 7, No 4 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Program Terapi Rumatan Metadon (PTRM) merupakan salah satu program pengurangan dampak buruk (harm reduction) akibat penggunaan narkotika. Tujuan dari PTRM adalah mengurangi perilaku berisiko akibat penggunaan narkotika secara suntik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh PTRM bagi pasien pengguna narkotika yang mengikuti PTRM. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain cross-sectional. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Oktober–Desember tahun 2012 di satelit pelayanan PTRM di DIY. Subjek penelitian yang dilibatkan adalah seluruh pasien aktif PTRM hingga tahun 2012 yang telah mengikuti PTRM minimal 1 bulan. Pasien yang dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini adalah 32 pasien. Indikator pencapaian dampak PTRM dari setiap parameter dampak PTRM yang diukur berupa persentase tidak menggunakan narkoba, penurunan penggunaan narkoba, tidak menggunakan jarum suntik, tidak menggunakan jarum suntik secara bergantian, tidak terlibat dalam tindak kriminal, berkurangnya perilaku kriminal, membaiknya status pekerjaan, membaiknya kondisi tempat tinggal, mendapatkan dukungan keluarga, dan meningkatnya dukungan keluarga. Sebanyak 97% pasien tidak menggunakan jarum suntik secara bergantian dan tidak terlibat dalam tindak kriminal sejak mengikuti PTRM. PRTM memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap pengurangan penggunaan narkotika, perilaku berisiko, dan tindakan kriminalitas, serta meningkatkan produktivitas peserta PTRM.Kata kunci: Harm reduction, metadon, narkotika, PTRM Effect of Methadone Maintenance Treatment Program for Reducing Drug Related Harm AbstractMethadone Maintenance Therapy Program (MMTP) is one of harm reduction programs which aim to reduce behavior risk due to injecting narcotics. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of MMTP on patients using narcotics who participated in MMTP. This research was a descriptive study with cross-sectional design. The study was conducted in the period of October–December 2012 on the MMTP satellite services in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Subjects involved were all active MMTP patients until 2012 who had attended MMTP for at least 1 month. Thirty-two patients voluntarily participated in this study. Some indicators used to measure the impact of MMTP on patients, including a reduction in drug use, risk behavior, and crime, as well as better productivity, housing conditions, and family support. A total of 97% patients did not share needles and not involved in criminal activities since joined the MMTP. There was a significant positive relationship between MMTP services with the impact of MMTP on patients, such as reduction in drug use, risk behavior, and crime, along with increased productivity.Keywords: Drug, harm reduction, MMTP, methadone

Pengetahuan Apoteker tentang Obat-Obat Look-alike Sound-alike dan Pengelolaannya di Apotek Kota Yogyakarta Muhammad Muhlis; Resa Andyani; Tika Wulandari; Aulisa A. Sahir
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 8, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Perkembangan produksi obat yang cukup pesat menyebabkan terdapat beberapa obat yang memiliki bentuk dan nama yang hampir sama, hal ini dapat menyebabkan munculnya medication error berupa kesalahan dalam pemberian obat kepada pasien. Obat yang hampir sama bentuk dan namanya ini dikenal dengan obat-obat look-alike sound-alike (LASA). Penelitian observasional ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana pengetahuan apoteker yang bekerja di apotek Kota Yogyakarta terhadap obat-obat LASA dan apakah apotek tersebut telah melaksanakan penataan obat berdasarkan kaidah obat LASA. Hasil penelitian kemudian diuji menggunakan Chi-Square untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan dan pengelolaan obat LASA serta pengelolaan dan kesalahan pengambilan obat LASA. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan September–November 2018. Total sampling adalah apotek di kota Yogyakarta yang bersedia menjadi tempat penelitian dan objek penelitian adalah apoteker yang bekerja di masing-masing apotek dan telah menandatangani informed consent. Dari 136 apotek yang berada di kota Yogyakarta, 66 apotek bersedia menjadi objek penelitian dan mengisi kuesioner dengan benar. Pengetahuan apoteker yang bekerja di apotek Kota Yogyakarta terhadap obat LASA berkategori baik 56% dan kurang baik 44%; pengelolaan obat LASA berkategori baik 41% dan kurang baik 59%; dan pengalaman dalam kesalahan pengambilan obat LASA berkategori pernah 53% dan tidak pernah 47%. Hasil uji Chi-Square menyatakan tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara pengetahuan dan pengelolaan obat LASA serta antara pengelolaan dan kesalahan dalam pengambilan obat LASA.Kata kunci: Apotek, apoteker, obat-obat look-alike sound-alike (LASA) Pharmacist Knowledge of Look-alike Sound-alike Drugs and Their Management at Pharmacies in the City of YogyakartaAbstract Drugs production develop rapidly nowadays and many drugs have embodied similar shapes and names which may lead to medication error and difficulty in emergency medication administration. Drugs with similar shapes/physical appearances/packagings and names that have spelling similarities are known as look-alike sound-alike (LASA) medicines. This observational study aimed to determine the extent of the knowledge of pharmacists on LASA drugs at pharmacies in the city of Yogyakarta, and whether the pharmacies have implemented drugs structuring according to the LASA drug rules. The results were analyzed using Chi-Square test to determine the relationship between knowledge and management of LASA drugs, and between the management and errors in taking LASA drugs. Data retrieval was carried out in September-November 2018 with total sampling were pharmacies in the city of Yogyakarta and objects of research were pharmacists who worked at the sampling pharmacies and had signed the informed consent. Of the 136 pharmacies, only 66 pharmacies were willing to become the samples of research. The results showed that pharmacists’ knowledge on LASA drugs categorized as good was 56% and not good was 44%; LASA drugs management categorized as good was 41% and not good was 59%; pharmacists who had experience in errors in taking LASA drugs was 53% and never had was 47%. In conclusion, there was no significant relationship between knowledge and management of LASA drugs, and between management and errors in taking drugs LASA drugs.Keywords: Look-alike sound-alike drugs, pharmacist, pharmacy

Pengaruh Krim Asam Traneksamat terhadap Pembentukan Keriput dan Kadar Matriks Metaloproteinase-1 pada Mencit (Mus Musculus) Jantan Galur Balb/c yang Dipajan Sinar Ultraviolet B Andrew Citrawan; Oki Suwarsa; Hendra Gunawan; Sudigdo Adi; Ronny Lesmana; Achadiyani Achadiyani; Sunaryati S. Adi
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 8, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Pemberian asam traneksamat (AT) per oral telah terbukti dapat mengurangi keriput yang diinduksi oleh kulit kering pada mencit. Namun, dosis oral yang setara terlalu besar untuk digunakan pada manusia dalam jangka panjang karena dapat menimbulkan toksisitas, sehingga perlu dicari sediaan alternatif lain secara topikal seperti sediaan krim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemberian krim AT terhadap pembentukan keriput pada kulit mencit jantan galur Balb/c yang dipajan sinar ultraviolet B (UVB). Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 24 ekor mencit di Laboratorium Farmakologi dan Terapi serta Laboratorium Sentral Universitas Padjadjaran pada bulan Februari hingga Mei 2018. Mencit dibagi secara acak ke dalam empat kelompok, yaitu satu kelompok kontrol (P0) hanya mendapatkan pajanan sinar UVB tanpa krim AT dan tiga kelompok perlakuan (P1, P2, dan P3) mendapat pajanan sinar UVB dan diberikan krim AT dengan konsentrasi masing-masing 3%, 4%, dan 5%. Setelah 10 minggu, dilakukan penilaian kondisi keriput pada kulit punggung mencit berdasarkan metode Bisett, dilanjutkan dengan biopsi kulit punggung mencit untuk pemeriksaan kadar matriks metaloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) dengan teknik western blot (WB). Diperoleh perbedaan nilai rata-rata skor keriput yang bermakna sebesar 2,1±0,105 pada kelompok P0, 1,1±0,167 pada P1 dan P2, serta 1,3±0,211 pada P3 (p=0,005). Diperoleh pula nilai rata-rata kadar MMP-1 yang bermakna, yakni sebesar 0,75±0,08 pada kelompok P0, serta 0,54±0,033, 0,40±0,052, dan 0,54±0,072 pada P1, P2, dan P3 secara berturut-turut (p=0,008). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian krim AT mampu memperlambat pembentukan keriput dan menurunkan kadar MMP-1 pada kulit punggung mencit jantan galur Balb/c yang dipajan sinar UVB.Kata kunci: Keriput, krim asam traneksamat, matriks metaloproteinase-1, sinar ultraviolet B The Effect of Tranexamic Acid Cream on Wrinkle Formation and Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Levels on Male Balb/c Mice Skin Exposed to Ultraviolet B RadiationsAbstractOral tranexamic acid (TXA) has been proven to ameliorate wrinkle induced by skin dryness in hairless mouse. However, the equal human oral dose is too high and can induce toxicity if used in long term, and study of topical preparations for wrinkle treatment is limited. Therefore, this study was conducted using topical preparations as an alternative for oral treatment to examine the effects of TXA cream in wrinkle formation. Four weeks old of twenty-four male Balb/c mice, divided into four groups, then 3%, 4% and 5% TXA cream were administered on the back skin of mice in each group shortly after ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure, except for control group that only exposed to UVB lights without given any TXA creams. Wrinkle formation and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1) level were observed after 10 weeks of treatments. There were significant differences of wrinkle score, with mean value were 2.1±0.105 for control group, 1.1±0.167 for 3% and 4% groups, and 1.3±0.211 for 5% group (p=0.005). There were also significant differences of MMP-1, with mean value were 0.75±0.08 for control group, 0.54±0.033, 0.40±0.052, and 0.54±0.072 for 3%, 4% and 5% group, respectively (p=0.008). Based on significant differences of wrinkle score and MMP-1 level, it can be concluded that administration of TXA cream may able to delay wrinkle formation and reduce the MMP-1 level on the mice skin exposed to ultraviolet B.Keywords: Matrix metalloproteinase-1, tranexamic acid, ultraviolet B, wrinkle

Resistensi Aspirin pada Pasien Penyakit Jantung Koroner dengan Hipertensi Ema P. Yunita; Bambang S. Zulkarnain; Muhammad Aminuddin
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 4, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Aspirin adalah terapi antiplatelet standar untuk penyakit jantung dan pembuluh darah. Aspirin dapat memberikan efek antiplatelet melalui asetilasi siklooksigenase di platelet sehingga menimbulkan hambatan pembentukan platelet yang permanen. Namun, aktivitas antiplatelet pada setiap individu dapat bervariasi. Penelitian di luar Indonesia memperkirakan sekitar 5 sampai 45% dari populasi tidak memperoleh efek antiplatelet yang adekuat dari aspirin. Penelitian tentang resistensi aspirin belum pernah dilakukan di RS Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat prevalensi resistensi aspirin dan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang dapat memengaruhi resistensi aspirin pada pasien penyakit jantung koroner dengan komorbid hipertensi menggunakan metode agregasi platelet optik. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi potong lintang dengan melibatkan 43 pasien di Rumah Sakit Dr. Soetomo Surabaya selama bulan Juni 2012. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak diperoleh pasien dengan resistensi aspirin dan hanya dua (4,7%) pasien termasuk aspirin semirespon. Respon pasien penyakit jantung coroner (PJK) dengan komorbid hipertensi terhadap aspirin sebagai antiplatelet masih bagus. Diperlukan penelitian serupa dengan sampel yang lebih besar pada pasien PJK disertai dua atau lebih komorbid. Selain itu, diperlukan penelitian lanjutan untuk mengetahui genotipe diantara pasien yang memberikan respon bagus dan pasien yang memberikan respon kurang terhadap aspirin.Kata kunci: Agregasi platelet, hipertensi, penyakit jantung koroner, resistensi aspirinAspirin Resistance in Coronary Artery Disease with Hypertensive PatientsAspirin is gold standard for antiplatelet therapy in cardiovascular treatment today. It exerts its antiplatelet effect by acetylation of the platelet cyclooxygenase, resulting in an irreversible inhibition of plateletdependent thromboxane formation. However, aspirin has been shown to have variable antiplatelet activity in individual patients. Previous studies estimated that 5% to 45% of population do not achieve an adequate antiplatelet effect from aspirin. Studies about aspirin resistance have never been done in Indonesian hospitals. This study was initiated to investigate the prevalence of aspirin resistance and influencing factors of aspirin resistance in coronary artery disease with hypertensive patients by using an established method of optical platelet aggregation. Fourty three patients were involved in this study. The sampling of this cross sectional study was conducted at Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya in June 2012. Of the patients studied, there were no aspirin resistant and only 2 (4.7%) were aspirin semiresponders. It can be concluded that coronary artery disease patients with hypertension to aspirin as antiplatelet agent were good. Similar research is needed to be conducted with more sample sizes in coronary artery diseasepatients with two or more comorbid. In addition, further research is needed to determine genotyping between good or poor patient’s respond to aspirin.Keywords: Aspirin resistance, coronary artery disease, hypertensive, platelet aggregation

Persepsi dan Harapan Konsumen Apotek terhadap Apoteker Farmasi Komunitas Sekar T. Hutami; Muhammad R. Rokhman
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 2, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

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Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi sekaligus harapan konsumen apotek terhadap apoteker farmasi komunitas di wilayah kota Yogyakarta. Penelitian termasuk penelitian deskriptif noneksperimental. Seratus responden diambil dari lima apotek dengan teknik pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling. Data didapat dengan survei langsung menggunakan alat bantu kuesioner dan dianalisa dengan analisis statistik deskriptif menggunakan statistik frekuensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, hanya 62%responden yang mampu membedakan apoteker de-ngan petugas lain di apotek dan 75% responden mengetahuiadanya layanan konsultasi obat oleh apoteker. Persepsi responden pada peran apoteker sebagaisumber informasi obat masih berada di bawah dokter (nilai gap -0,27) dan responden menempatkan apoteker pada peringkat 2 profesi kesehatan yang paling dipercaya setelah dokter. Harapan responden akan pengembangan layanan apoteker paling tinggi pada kemudahan dihubungi di luar jam kerja (80%) dan apoteker diharapkan melakukan pemantauan terapi (73,25%), sedangkan harapan responden akan pengembangan layanan apotek adalah buka 24 jam (87,25%) dan kelengkapan obat (92,25%). Meskipun konsumen belum menempatkan apoteker sebagai sumber informasi obat yang paling utama, namun terdapat kelompok konsumen yang sudah mulai memahami peran apoteker sebagai sumber informasi obat.Kata kunci: Persepsi, harapan, apoteker, konsumen Consumer Perception and Expectation of Community PharmacistThe aims of the study are to determine consumer perception and expectation of community pharmacist in Yogyakarta. This research was a non-experimental descriptive study.One hundred respondentswere taken from five pharmacies with purposive sampling technique. Data were collected by urveyusing a questionnaire and were analysed with descriptive statistical analysis using frequency statistics. The results showed that 62% of respondents were able to distinguish pharmacists with other staffs in the pharmacy and 75% of respondents understood that they could consult with pharmacist about medicationsthat they were taking. Respondents received drug information less from community pharmacist than from physician (-0.27) and placed pharmacists at the second place in the ranking of the most reliable health provider after physician. The highest respondent expectation of pharmacist service developmentswere willingness to be contacted outside office hours (80.00%) and monitoring drug therapy (73.25%). In pharmacy services development, respondents expected two important services which are 24 hours pharmacy services (87.25%) and completeness of offered drug (92.25%). Although consumers have not already put pharmacists as the first drug information provider, but the consumers have begun to understand the role of pharmacist as drug information source.Key words: Perception, expectation, pharmacist, consumer

Analisis Minimalisasi Biaya Antibiotik Pasien Sepsis Salah Satu Rumah Sakit Kota Bandung Okky S. Purwanti; Rano K. Sinuraya; Ivan S. Pradipta; Rizky Abdulah
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 2, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

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Terapi antibiotik empirik merupakan salah satu komponen penunjang keberhasilan terapi sepsis, khususnya sepsis sumber infeksi pernapasan. Ketidaktepatan pemilihan terapi antibiotik empirik akan menimbulkan dampak buruk berupa munculnya resistensi bakteri terhadap antibiotik, perawatan pasien menjadi lebih lama, kematian, biaya pengobatan menjadi lebih mahal dan bagi rumah sakit akan menurunkan kualitas pelayanan rumah sakit bersangkutan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kelompok kombinasi antibiotik empirik yang paling efisien secara biaya yang digunakan pada pasien sepsis sumber infeksi pernapasan yang dirawat di salah satu rumah sakit di Kota Bandung periode tahun 2010–2012. Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional analisis dengan pengumpulan data secara retrospektif. Data diambil dari rekam medis pasien rawat inap sepsis sumber infeksi pernapasan dan mendapat terapi antibiotik empirik seftazidim-levofloksasin atau sefotaksim-eritromisin. Komponen biaya yang dikumpulkan meliputi biaya antibiotik empirik, biaya tindakan, biaya penunjang, biaya rawat inap, dan biaya administrasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa total biaya perawatan kombinasi antibiotik seftazidim-levofloksasin sebesar Rp 12.751.082,49 dan kombinasi sefotaksim-eritromisin sebesar Rp 21.641.678,02. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kombinasi antibiotik seftazidim-levofloksasin lebih efisien dibanding kombinasi sefotaksim-eritromisin.Kata kunci: Antibiotik empirik, infeksi pernapasan, minimalisasi biaya, farmakoekonomi, sepsis Cost Minimization Analysis of Antibiotic Used by Sepsis Patients at a Hospital in Bandung Empirical therapy is one of the important supporting therapies for successful sepsis management including, sepsis with respiratory infection. Inappropiate empirical antibiotic therapy leads to resistance of antibiotics which results increases length of stay, mortality and subsequently higher the cost of healthcare and decreases the quality of hospital’s service. This study’s objective was to determine which the antibiotic combination group used for the treatment of sepsis with respiratory infection is the most efficient in cost minimization at a hospital in Bandung. Observational analitycal study is conducted by retrospective data. Data were collected from medical record of inpatients sepsis with respiratory infection who received empirical antibiotic therapy of ceftazidime-levofloxacin or cefotaxime-erythromycin. Direct medical cost were calculated from empirical antibiotic costs, costs of medical treatment, medical expenses, hospitalization costs, and administrative costs. The results showed that total cost of the combination of ceftazidime-levofloxacin is 12,751,082,49 IDR and cefotaxime-erythromycin is 21,641,678,02 IDR. It can be conclude that the combination of ceftazidime-levofloxacin is more efficientthan cefotaxime-erythromycin.Key words: Empirical antibiotics, respiratory infection, cost minimization, pharmacoeconomy, sepsis

Efek Konseling Apoteker Terhadap Kepatuhan Minum Obat dan Kualitas Hidup Penderita Skizofrenia di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Menur Surabaya Verra Yuliana; Adji P. Setiadi; Josephine P. Ayuningtyas
Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Vol 8, No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Skizofrenia merupakan gangguan psikiatri yang kompleks ditandai dengan gangguan kognitif, emosi, persepsi, berpikir dan berperilaku. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat kepatuhan minum obat pasien skizofrenia sebelum dan setelah diberikan konseling oleh apoteker serta untuk mengetahui kualitas hidupnya. Metode penelitian ini adalah one-grup pretest-posttest yang bersifat prospektif. Pengambilan sampel terhadap responden sesuai kriteria inklusi dilakukan di Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit Jiwa Menur pada bulan Mei sampai Juli tahun 2018. Sebelum pengambilan data dilakukan, responden yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi diberikan penjelasan tentang tujuan dan gambaran penelitian. Apabila setuju menjadi subjek, pasien atau keluarganya diwajibkan mengisi informed consent. Wawancara sesuai kuesioner Medication Adherence Rating Score (MARS) dan The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-BREF pada responden dilakukan dua kali, yakni pada kedatangan pertama sebelum dilakukan konseling dan satu bulan kemudian saat subjek kontrol kembali. Total responden sebanyak 100 orang. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji beda (uji T). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada kepatuhan minum obat responden antara pre-post konseling oleh apoteker (p=0,033). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kualitas hidup subjek memiliki perbedaan bermakna hanya terkait domain lingkungan (p=0,00), sedangkan pada domain fisik, mental dan sosial tidak memiliki perbedaan bermakna (p>0,05).Kata kunci: Kepatuhan, kualitas hidup, MARS, skizofrenia, WHOQOL-BREF Effect of Pharmacist Counseling on Medication Adherence and Quality of Life of Schizophrenic Patients in Menur Mental Hospital, SurabayaAbstractSchizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by cognitive, emotion, perception, thinking, and behavior impairment. This research was conducted to determine the difference in level of compliance with schizophrenic patients before and after counseling by pharmacist, as well as to know their quality of life. The research method was one-group pretest-posttest with perspective design. Sampling of samples who met the inclusion criteria was done in the pharmaceutical installation of Menur Psychiatric Hospital from May to July 2018. Before data retrieval was done, all samples appropriated with the inclusion criteria were given an explanation about the purpose and description of the study, and after agreeing to be the subject, the patients or their family were obliged to fill informed consent. Interviews according to the Medication Adherence Rating Score (MARS) dan The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-BREF questionnaires were done twice; the first was done upon arrival before counseling and the later was one month upon returning for control. Total of subjects was 100 people. The obtained data was analyzed using a different test (t-test). The result showed that there was a meaningful difference in patients’ compliance in taking drugs between pre and post counseling by the pharmacist (p=0.033). In terms of patients’ quality of life, results showed that the meaningful difference were only related to environmental domain (p=0.00), whereas no meaningful differences found on physical, mental and social domains (p>0.05).Keywords: Adherence, MARS, quality of life, schizophrenia, WHOQOL-BREF

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