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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : 20851103     EISSN : 23560991     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Earth & Planetary Sciences Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
This journal is a peer-reviewed journal established to promote the recognition of emerging and reemerging diseases specifically in Indonesia, South East Asia, other tropical countries and around the world, and to improve the understanding of factors involved in disease emergence, prevention, and elimination. The journal is intended for scientists, clinicians, and professionals in infectious diseases and related sciences. We welcome contributions from infectious disease specialists in academia, industry, clinical practice, public health, and pharmacy, as well as from specialists in economics, social sciences and other disciplines.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 406 Documents
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The Effect of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.) Leaf Extract Concentration as an Anti-Fungal on the Growth of Malassezia furfur In Vitro Silvia Indah Ramadhany; Poncojari Wahyono; Salma Zulqaida; Fendy Hardian Permana; Heny Arwati; Lucia Tri Suwanti
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v14i2.78475

Abstract

Malassezia furfur is a normal fungal flora on human skin and can act as a pathogen under certain conditions, causing skin disorders such as pityriasis versicolor.  Conventional anti-fungal drugs, such as ketoconazole, may lead to adverse effects and contribute to the development of anti-fungal drug resistance. Consequently, there is growing interest in exploring anti-fungal compounds from natural plant sources as potential alternative treatments.  This study aimed to evaluate the anti-fungal potential of ethanol extracts of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) leaves against M. furfur. The research utilized a quantitative true experimental approach with a post-test only control group design.  Bitter melon leaf extracts were prepared using the maceration method with 96% ethanol as the extraction solvent. Anti-fungal activity was assessed using the well diffusion method on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) at extract concentrations of 0% (negative control), 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5% (w/v). The inhibition zones were measured to determine anti-fungal activity of each concentration. One-way ANOVA analysis showed a significant effect of extract concentration on M. furfur growth [F(5,18) = 6.022, p = 0.001], with distinct inhibition zone diameters observed among the treatment concentration groups. The highest anti-fungal activity was observed at a concentration of 2.5% extract, producing an average inhibition zone of 3.30 mm. These findings indicate that bitter melon leaf extract has potential as a natural alternative anti-fungal agent against M. furfur.  However, as this study was conducted in vitro and cannot fully represent the pharmacological effects in vivo conditions, further studies involving animal models are necessary.
Risk Factors for Elevated Transaminases in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in a Tertiary Hospital Edrick Sugianto; Brian Eka Rachman; Tutik Kusmiati; Muhammad Miftahussurur
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v14i2.79848

Abstract

People living with HIV (PLHIV) who receive antiretroviral therapy (ART) are at risk of developing liver enzyme abnormalities, particularly transaminase elevation (aspartate aminotransferase and/or alanine aminotransferase above the upper limit of normal), due to multiple factors, including immune status, coinfections, and concomitant hepatotoxic drugs. This study aimed to evaluate risk factors associated with transaminase elevation among PLHIV receiving ART at a tertiary hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia. A retrospective age-matched case-control design was conducted using medical records from 2020 to 2022, involving 35 cases with elevated transaminases and 35 matched controls. Data on gender, nutritional status, nadir CD4 counts, hepatitis B and C coinfection, and use of hepatotoxic drugs were analyzed. Bivariate analysis showed that underweight status (OR 3.37; 95% CI 1.11–10.27; p=0.029), nadir CD4 count <200 cells/µL (OR 12.50; 95% CI 2.44–63.96; p=0.001), first-line antituberculosis drug use (OR 11.50; 95% CI 3.55–37.28; p<0.001), fluconazole use (OR 6.00; 95% CI 1.50–23.99; p=0.007), and cotrimoxazole use (OR 9.43; 95% CI 1.92–46.41; p=0.002) were significantly associated with transaminase elevation. In multivariate analysis, nadir CD4 count <200 cells/µL (AOR 8.67; 95% CI 1.49–50.34; p=0.016) and first-line antituberculosis drug use (AOR 6.67; 95% CI 1.40–31.92; p=0.017) remained independent risk factors. These findings suggest that advanced immunosuppression and concomitant antituberculosis therapy are major contributors to liver injury in this population. Routine monitoring of liver function and careful management of co-administered hepatotoxic drugs are recommended to ensure the safety of ART in PLHIV.
The Prevalence of Triazole Resistance and Species Distribution of Candida spp. Clinical Isolates in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: A Single-Center Study Luthvia Annisa; Mohamad Saifudin Hakim; Abu Tholib Aman; Tri Wibawa
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v14i2.80768

Abstract

Candidiasis has been increasingly prevalent worldwide, and the emergence of triazole resistance has become a marked challenge due to its link to higher mortality rates. Furthermore, there is significant variation in the resistance rate and species distribution among nations, underpinning the significance of local epidemiology to guide effective antifungal stewardship programs. The limited reports in Indonesia prompted us to do this study which main objectives were to characterize the species distribution of Candida spp. clinical isolates, determine the prevalence of triazole resistance among these isolates, and evaluate their clinical profile relevance at UGM Academic Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.  Electronic health records, laboratory data, and clinical features of patients with specimens testing positive for Candida spp. were retrospectively collected between 2019 and 2021, and species distribution and clinical profiles of triazole resistance were analyzed descriptively and comparatively.  A total of 185 clinical isolates were identified, with Candida tropicalis being the most dominant species (n=95; 51.4%), followed by Candida albicans (n=74; 40.0%) and Candida parapsilosis (n=4; 2.2%), indicating a shifted trend toward non-albicans Candida (NAC) species. The overall prevalence of triazole resistance among these isolates during the study period was 4.9% (n=9/185). No statistically significant differences in clinical characteristics were observed between the triazole-susceptible and the triazole-resistant groups. These findings highlight the emergence of NAC species in this setting and emphasize the need for continuous surveillance of antifungal resistance patterns among Candida spp. in Indonesia to inform local treatment guidelines and establish stewardship initiatives.
The Effectiveness of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Flower Extract for Photodynamic Antimicrobial Therapy Against Staphylococcus Ahmad Faisal Islamudin; Fransiska Maria Aprihapsari; Elmira Rofida Alhaq; Rohadatul Aisya; Khusnul Ain; Suryani Dyah Astuti; Inten Firdhausi Wardhani; Amun Amri
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v14i2.82069

Abstract

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plant extracts has drawn growing interest for its potential to enhance antibacterial activity. This study evaluates the antibacterial performance of AgNPs synthesized from rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) flower extract, assessed through several characterization and antibacterial tests. The extract was prepared by macerating 10 g of rosella powder in 150 mL double-distilled water for five days, then filtering the mixture. It was combined with 3 mM AgNO₃ at a 1:9 ratio and exposed to microwave irradiation at 200 W for 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes to examine how irradiation time affects nanoparticle formation. UV-Vis spectroscopy and particle size analysis (PSA) were used for characterization, while antibacterial activity was tested via disc diffusion and photodynamic therapy (PDT) with a red laser. UV-Vis spectra showed absorption peaks between 506 and 519 nm, confirming AgNP formation, and PSA showed that longer microwave exposure produced smaller particles, ranging from 1 to 27 nm with an average of 5.74 nm. The disc diffusion assay yielded only a 1.85 mm inhibition zone, indicating weak antibacterial activity against S. aureus. PDT, however, achieved markedly better results, with up to 68% bacterial reduction under optimal conditions, though the AgNPs-R4 sample showed reduced efficiency due to a mismatch between laser wavelength and particle absorbance—smaller particles have a wider energy gap, shifting absorbance to shorter wavelengths. These results highlight the need to optimize synthesis conditions for consistent, maximal antibacterial performance.
Exploring Hope in Chia Seed-Derived Myricetin: In silico Study of Antimalarial and Anti-inflammatory Agent Against Plasmodium falciparum Neyza Farah Najmasari; Prawesty Diah Utami; Roostantia Indrawati; Herin Setianingsih
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v14i2.85261

Abstract

Artemisinin Combination Therapy (ACT) currently serves as the primary regimen for global malaria treatment. However, the widespread emergence of artemisinin resistance poses a critical threat that risks severely diminishing the therapeutic value of the existing regimens. This growing clinical challenge underscores an urgent need to identify antimalarial drug candidates with distinct mechanism of action. This computational study investigates myricetin, a flavonoid compound derived from chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.), as a potential candidate with antimalarial and anti-inflammatory activity.  Myricetin was evaluated based on predicted pharmacokinetic behavior, toxicity risk, and drug-likeness, using artemisinin as a reference compound. Docking analysis was performed to examine predicted interactions between myricetin and Plasmodium falciparum enzymes (plasmepsin-II and falcipain-2), as well as inflammation-related targets (TNF-α and IL-10). ADME analysis outlined characteristics regarding absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, while toxicity models indicated potential nephrotoxicity and respiratory toxicity. Predictions of myricetin interactions with plasmepsin-II and falcipain-2 proteins suggested favorable predicted binding to the active sites of the proteins with MolDock scores of -239.2 kJ/mol and -215 kJ/mol, respectively. Furthermore, predictions of myricetin interactions with TNF-α and IL-10 suggested possible relevance to inflammation-related pathways, although these computational findings cannot confirm cytokine regulation. Based on Lipinski and Ghose drug-likeness screening criteria, myricetin exhibited a drug-like profile generally comparable to that of artemisinin. Overall, myricetin represents a promising computational lead candidate for the development of antimalarial and anti-inflammatory drugs. However, further cell-based assays (in vitro), animal studies (in vivo), pharmacokinetic evaluations, and toxicity confirmation are required before drawing conclusions regarding efficacy, safety, or the effects of oral administration.
The Potential of Senduduk Fruit (Malastoma malabacthricum) as an Alternative Natural Reagent for DNA Isolation in Klebsiella pneumonia Bacteria Juwy Trianes; Dewi Hartati; Bastian Bastian; Anggie Natalia
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v14i2.87972

Abstract

The prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae infections remains high worldwide, with increasing reports of multidrug resistance that complicate treatment and infection control. DNA-based molecular testing is essential for accurate detection and characterization of resistant strains. However, commercial DNA isolation reagents are relatively expensive and may pose health and environmental risks. Therefore, exploration of natural, eco-friendly alternatives such as senduduk fruit (Melastoma malabathricum) is important, aligning with the green laboratory concept and the Asta Cita vision of sustainable national development. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of senduduk fruit extract as an alternative natural reagent for bacterial DNA isolation, particularly in Klebsiella pneumoniae. An experimental comparative design was applied by isolating bacterial DNA using commercial reagents and senduduk fruit extract as a substitute lysis buffer. DNA purity was measured using spectrophotometry (A260/A280 ratio), followed by PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene and agarose gel electrophoresis for visualization. The senduduk extract produced DNA purity within the acceptable range (1.8–2.0) and generated clear single bands of approximately 1500 bp, comparable to commercial reagents. Senduduk fruit extract is effective, safe, economical, and environmentally friendly as an alternative DNA isolation reagent. Further research is recommended to optimize formulation stability and evaluate its application for other pathogenic bacteria.

Page 41 of 41 | Total Record : 406

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