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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : 20851103     EISSN : 23560991     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Earth & Planetary Sciences Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
This journal is a peer-reviewed journal established to promote the recognition of emerging and reemerging diseases specifically in Indonesia, South East Asia, other tropical countries and around the world, and to improve the understanding of factors involved in disease emergence, prevention, and elimination. The journal is intended for scientists, clinicians, and professionals in infectious diseases and related sciences. We welcome contributions from infectious disease specialists in academia, industry, clinical practice, public health, and pharmacy, as well as from specialists in economics, social sciences and other disciplines.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 398 Documents
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Comparison of the Diagnostic Value of Presepsin and Procalcitonin as Markers of Bacterial Sepsis Fadrian, Fadrian; Ahmad, Armen; Sadeli, Rezki Pratama; Putri, Vidola Yasena; Agustian, Dede Rahman
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): January - April Edition
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v14i1.69526

Abstract

Sepsis is a severe condition caused by an improper immune response during infections. Early diagnosis is challenging due to the low specificity and effectiveness of current diagnostic tools. Procalcitonin is a biomarker with both advantages and limitations. Presepsin has emerged as a potential alternative, offering cost-effectiveness, fewer confounding factors, and a quicker response. This study evaluates the diagnostic capabilities of presepsin and procalcitonin in bacterial sepsis. The study involved patients with sepsis who were treated in the Internal Medicine Department at M. Djamil Hospital, Padang, Indonesia. All participants were adults over 18, excluding those with conditions that could affect the biomarkers. A total of 63 patients were assessed. The mean presepsin level in bacterial sepsis was 205.91 pg/mL (±162.65 SD), while procalcitonin averaged 62.83 ng/mL (±80.48 SD). Blood cultures revealed bacterial infections in 18 patients (28.60%). Among them, eight had Gram-positive (44.40%) and ten had Gram-negative bacteria (55.60%). Presepsin demonstrated variable accuracy in identifying bacterial sepsis and bacteremia. The Area Under the Curve (AUC) for bacterial sepsis was 0.60 (95% CI 0.44-0.75), for Gram-positive bacteremia it was 0.63 (95% CI 0.35-0.90), and for Gram-negative bacteremia it was 0.37 (95% CI 0.10-0.65). In contrast, procalcitonin showed an AUC of 0.51 (95% CI 0.35-0.67) for bacterial sepsis, 0.22 (95% CI 0.01-0.46) for Gram-positive bacteremia, and 0.78 (95% CI 0.54-1.00) for Gram-negative bacteremia. Presepsin has a higher diagnostic value than procalcitonin in detecting bacterial sepsis. Procalcitonin has the highest AUC value in all categories for detecting Gram-negative bacteremia.
Extract of Papaya Leaf to Inhibit Osteomyelitis in Male Wistar Rats Induced by Staphylococcus aureus Chandra, Yulita Putri Mening; Widjaja, Sajuni; Ranuh, I Gusti Ngurah Dodo Muliawan
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): January - April Edition
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v14i1.72960

Abstract

Osteomyelitis is a a bone infection predominantly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, accounting for 30–60% of cases. Its incidence remains unclear globally, and data in Indonesia are limited. Alternative treatments using medicinal plants, such as papaya leaves, are being explored due to their antibacterial properties.  This study aimed to determine the effect of papaya leaf extract on inhibiting osteomyelitis progression in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by Staphylococcus aureus. This experimental study used a Randomized Controlled Trial with a Post-Test Only Control Group Design. A total of 35 male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: control, S. aureus induction, S. aureus + cephalexin, and two treatment groups receiving papaya leaf extract at doses of 100 mg/kg of body weight and 300 mg/kg of body weight. Data were analyzed using normality, homogeneity, ANOVA, LSD, and effect size tests. Papaya leaf extract at both doses inhibited osteomyelitis progression, with the 300 mg/kg of body weight dose showing the most significant effect. This was indicated by a reduced ratio of mononuclear to histiocyte cells and a large effect size (Cohen’s d). Papaya leaf extract demonstrates potential antibacterial activity against osteomyelitis and may serve as an alternative therapeutic approach. Further studies are recommended to explore its clinical application and mechanism of action.
Anti-Dengue, Anti-Bacterial, and Cytotoxicity Effect of Psidium guajava Fruit Extract Soares, Engracia Natalia Desena; Sucipto, Teguh Hari; Susetyo, Rizky Danang; Agustini, Rudiana; Damayanti, Mamik; Herdyastuti, Nuniek; Setyawati, Harsasi; Setyarini, Wahyu; Ansori, Arif Nur Muhammad; Hariyono, Hariyono
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): January - April Edition
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v14i1.73075

Abstract

One of the main public health issues with increasing morbidity and mortality rates in tropical countries like Indonesia is dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Antiviral treatments are still unobtainable and the curative value of current vaccines is limited. Many bioactive compounds, including flavonoids and tannins, identified in the tropical fruit Psidium guajava, which are utilized extensively in traditional medicine, have shown possible antiviral, antibacterial, and antioxidant effects. The focus of this research is to determine Psidium guajava extract's antiviral activity against DENV-1, cytotoxic effects on Vero cells, and antibacterial activity towards Escherichia coli. The extract was tested on DENV-1 in Vero cells using the Viral ToxGloTM assay, and the selectivity index (SI) was determined by using the IC50. The  CellTiter 96Ò Aqueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay method was applied for cytotoxicity tests, while the disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton Agar was utilized for testing the antibacterial effect towards Escherichia coli. With an IC50 value of 67.74 µg/mL, the findings suggest that guava extract effectively inhibits DENV-1 replication. The level of cytotoxicity of this extract against Vero cells showed a good result, namely <200 µg/mL, which can be categorized as moderate cytotoxicity. Also, the Psidium guava extract indicated antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli, at a concentration of 100 mg/mL with an inhibition zone of 4.6 to 5.0 mm. Based on these findings, Psidium guajava extract has the potential to be a natural therapeutic substance with a good safety record towards antiviral, cytotoxicity and antibacterial effects. 
Faith, Inflammation, and Immunity: Investigating the Association Between NLR and Spiritual Coping in HIV-Positive Patients Nurhayatun, Evi; Wijaya, Hanifan Danu; Ulfia, Mila
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): January - April Edition
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v14i1.74755

Abstract

Chronic HIV infection not only compromises immune function but also induces psychological comorbidities, particularly anxiety. Elevated anxiety levels contribute to increased systemic inflammation, often reflected by a higher Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and decreased quality of life (QoL). Self-Surrender Practice (SSP), which integrates respiration regulation and religious meditation, has demonstrated potential for the reduction of psychological stress and its biological correlates. This study investigates the effect of Self Surrender Practice (SSP), a religiously rooted relaxation technique, on Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Quality of Life (QoL) among HIV patients with anxiety. This study used a pre-test-post-test randomized controlled trial design with a control group. Based on their Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale scores, forty patients with HIV and anxiety disorders were divided into two equal groups: control and intervention. A full blood count test was used to determine NLR, and the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was used to assess QoL. Data were examined using paired and independent t-tests, with a significance level of p < 0.05. This study was conducted at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, in January 2024. The results showed that study participants had comparable demographic and clinical characteristics between groups. Following the intervention, the SSP group showed a statistically significant decrease in mean NLR levels (p < 0.001) and improvement in QoL scores in the intervention group. These results suggest that higher NLR in HIV patients is associated with psychological distress and the severity of the disease, both of which can be improved by psychoreligious interventions.
Strongyloides Colitis: Gastrointestinal Manifestation of Helminthiasis Resemble Inflammatory Bowel Disease Putri, Winni Aprillia; Mufida, Annisa Zahra; Sugihartono, Titong
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): January - April Edition
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v14i1.78268

Abstract

Strongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal parasitic nematode classified as a Soil-Transmitted Helminth (STH) and estimated to infect up to 100 million people worldwide. The prevalence of STH is higher in tropical developing countries, such as Indonesia. This disease can manifest as a digestive tract infection, and in a few cases, also as colitis. Strongyloides colitis frequently exhibits clinical and endoscopic features that closely resemble those of  Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly Ulcerative Colitis (UC). Their resemblance could lead to diagnostic errors and also mistreatment.  Here we present a case of helminthiasis manifested as Strongyloides colitis in an at-risk elderly person from an endemic area. This study aims to highlight the complex diagnostic and treatment challenges to achieve a better prognostic outcome.  A 61-year-old female was referred with a history of prolonged diarrhea accompanied by worsening abdominal pain. The colonoscopy demonstrated features of helminth colitis. A single dose of an anthelmintic was administered, after which the patient showed progressive improvement within two weeks. Six months of follow-up after treatment showed satisfactory results. In typical symptoms of colitis, detection of the underlying cause is very important. This uncommon case report is intended as an alert to avoid further misdiagnosis of helminth colitis from UC, since the cure rate is relatively high with appropriate medication. Further discussions on initial diagnostic tools and comprehensive treatment are needed, along with integration into global helminth control strategies.
Severe Inflammatory Bowel Disease Manifestations in a Patient with Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS): A Case Report and Literature Review Riswanto, Arival Yanuar; Waskito, Langgeng Agung; Arfijanto, Muhammad Vitanata; Imro'ati, Tri Asih; Nasronudin, Nasronudin
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): January - April Edition
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v14i1.78750

Abstract

Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) refers to the persistence or recurrence of symptoms lasting more than four weeks after the acute phase of COVID-19. Based on symptom duration, it is classified as subacute symptomatic COVID-19 or long COVID. The interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor triggers immune system activation, cytokine production, and redistribution of immune cells. Impaired self-tolerance hampers immune reconstitution. In combination with environmental and genetic factors, this dysregulated immune response may act as a potential trigger for autoimmune disease, such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). This article aims to describe a possible case of IBD, specifically Crohn’s disease developing as a manifestation of PACS. A 57-year-old male presented with hematemesis, nausea, and decreased appetite four weeks after recovering from COVID-19 infection. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) was performed and the results were esophagitis, gastroduodenitis, and multiple lacerations of the gastric corpus. Colonoscopy demonstrated findings consistent with Crohn’s disease, including mucosal ulcerations and segmental inflammation. With supportive therapy and administration of 300 mg of infliximab, 500 mg of mesalazine three times daily, and 125 mg of methylprednisolone intravenously every 24 hours, the patient demonstrated clinical improvement and resolution of bleeding. This case highlights a possible association between PACS and de novo Crohn’s disease, suggesting that post-viral immune dysregulation following COVID-19 may unmask or trigger IBD in predisposed individuals. Clinicians should remain vigilant for gastrointestinal manifestations suggestive of IBD in patients with persistent digestive symptoms after COVID-19 infection, as early recognition and targeted therapy are essential for improving outcomes. 
Virtual Screening of Dihydropyrimidinone (DHPM) and Chromene Derivatives as Novel Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like Protease Adriaty, Dinar; Hery Suwito; Ardiana Ilham Nurrohman; Ni Nyoman Tri Puspaningsih
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): January - April Edition
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v14i1.80945

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like protease (PLPro) is an essential enzyme involved in viral replication and immune evasion, making it an attractive target for antiviral drug discovery. In addition to processing viral polyproteins, PLPro removes ubiquitin and ISG15 from host proteins, contributing to immune suppression. Therefore, the identification of compounds capable of interacting with PLPro may support the development of antiviral therapeutic strategies against coronavirus infections.  This study employed virtual screening of dihydropyrimidinone (DHPM) and chromene derivatives to prioritize compounds with favorable predicted interactions with SARS-CoV-2 PLPro.  Despite their broad biological activities, these scaffolds have not been extensively explored against viral proteases. A preliminary in vitro study showed that there were two lead compounds, DHPM (S-12) and chromene (S-10), which showed good inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 with IC₅₀ values of 6.187 ± 0.41 μM and 8.52 ± 0.28 μM, respectively, thereby establishing them as promising antiviral lead compounds. Based on these findings, the current research aims to design new derivatives of DHPM and chromene compounds by introducing 14 functional groups to the aromatic rings of these lead compounds. As a result, a database of 420 new derivatives was generated. The screening process employed a selection score (SS) system based on ADMET properties and docking scores, allowing for the identification of the highest-ranked in comparison to reference drugs. Three compounds were identified: S12-92, S12-98, and S12-2-60, all of which were DHPM derivatives. These compounds are proposed as potential PLPro-binding candidates for further development as anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs due to their favorable pharmacokinetic profiles and docking results.
Incidence of Pediatric Pulmonary Tuberculosis in East Java, Indonesia Ramadhani, Nabila Putri Himawati; Mertaniasih, Ni Made; Retno Asih Setyoningrum; Bakhtiar, Arief
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): January - April Edition
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v14i1.81676

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the world’s leading infectious diseases and a cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among children. Despite being both preventable and curable, TB affected an estimated 10.6 million people globally in 2023, including 1.3 million children. In Indonesia, the world’s second-highest TB burden country, pediatric TB is often underdiagnosed due to nonspecific symptoms and difficulty in bacteriologic confirmation. This study describes the incidence and trend of pulmonary TB among children aged 0–14 years in East Java, specifically focusing on data from Surabaya, from 2019 to 2024, and evaluates the role of GeneXpert MTB/RIF and GeneXpert Ultra in improving pediatric TB detection. This descriptive cross-sectional study used secondary data from the East Java Provincial Health Office and the National TB Program (SITB). Annual pediatric TB cases and population data were used to calculate incidence (per 100,000 children). GeneXpert test totals were used to compute the Pediatric TCM Intensity Index (cases per 1,000 tests). This study shows that pediatric TB incidence decreased from 59.0 per 100,000 in 2019 to 31.5 in 2020, then rebounded to 133.1 in 2023 and 124.7 in 2024. Molecular diagnostic capacity increased to 274 connected GeneXpert units and > 375,000 tests by 2023, raising bacteriologic confirmation rates among children. Recently, the incidence of pediatric pulmonary TB in East Java has not yet decreased. Strengthening digital reporting systems, pediatric TB training, and field-based surveillance teams is essential for equitable diagnostic access and achieving Indonesia’s End TB 2030 targets.

Page 40 of 40 | Total Record : 398

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