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INDONESIA
Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin
Published by Universitas Lampung
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Core Subject : Engineering,
Mechanical Engineering
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Articles 142 Documents
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STUDI KOMPARASI DARI ZAT ADITIF SINTETIK DENGAN ZAT ADITIF ALAMI TERHADAP PEMAKAIAN BAHAN BAKAR DAN EMISI GAS BUANG PADA MESIN GENSET MOTOR BENSIN 4-LANGKAH . Maindra; . Harmen; M.Dyan Susila
Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin Vol 2, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin

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Abstract

Kebutuhan listrik yang terus meningkat dan belum diiringi dengan peningkatan pasokan listrik dari PLN (Perusahaan Listrik Negara) sehingga sering terjadi pemadaman listrik. Masyarakat yang menggunakan listrik dari PLN mencari alternatif lain dengan menggunakan genset sebagai sumber pembangkit listrik sementara. Pada umumnya penggunaan genset digunakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan listrik rumah tangga, kantor dan toko-toko. Mesin genset umumnya menggunakan bahan bakar bensin. Dengan kenaikan harga bahan bakar minyak saat ini, biaya operasional genset menjadi meningkat. Untuk mengatasi hal ini sekarang sudah tersedia jenis zat aditif sintetik dan zat aditif alami. Dengan penambahan zat aditif  pada bahan bakar (bensin) dapat meningkatkan angka oktan dan kualitas dari bahan bakar sehingga didapatkan pembakaran yang sempurna. Untuk itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari pemakaian zat aditif sintetik dengan zat aditif alami  terhadap pemakaian bahan bakar dan emisi gas buang pada genset. Untuk itu dilakukanlah serangkaian pengujian, pada pengujian ini menggunakan mesin genset CAMARO 4-langkah berbahan bakar bensin. Variasi pada pengujian  ini meliputi pengujian konsumsi bahan bakar tanpa zat aditif, dengan zat aditif sintetik dan  dengan zat aditif alami untuk tanpa beban dan dengan beban 700 watt. Variasi waktu yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu selama 10 menit, 20 menit dan 30 menit. Zat aditif yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu jenis zat aditif sintetik dengan perbandingan 1 (satu) pil/tablet untuk 4 liter bensin premium (1:4) dan untuk jenis zat aditif alami dengan perbandingan 1 (satu) pil/tablet untuk 30 liter bensin premium (1:30). Pada pengujian emisi gas buang bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan kadar gas CO, HC dan CO  yang dihasilkan mesin genset.Dari penelitian ini, didapat penurunan konsumsi bahan bakar terbaik yaitu pada kondisi tanpa beban dengan zat aditif sintetik sebesar 15,66 % dan pada beban 700 watt sebesar 16,99 %. Tegangan listrik yang dihasilkan mesin genset sebesar 181,106 volt dan nyala lampu yang dihasilkan tidak seterang dengan nyala lampu dari PLN yang tegangan listriknya sebesar 220 volt. Untuk penurunan kadar gas CO terbaik yaitu dengan menggunakan zat aditif alami pada kondisi tanpa beban sebesar 5,35 % dan pada beban 700 watt sebesar 9,06 %, untuk penurunan kadar gas HC terbaik yaitu dengan menggunakan zat aditif sintetik pada kondisi tanpa beban sebesar 344 ppm dan pada beban 700 watt sebesar 585 ppm, untuk peningkatan kadar gas CO  terbaik yaitu dengan menggunakan zat aditif alami pada kondisi dengan beban 700 watt sebesar 6,3 %. Untuk prestasi terbaik pada penggunaan zat aditif sintetik pada kondisi tanpa beban sebesar 15,66 % dan pada beban 700 watt sebesar 16,99 %. Untuk perbandingan biaya bahan bakar lebih murah menggunakan zat aditif sintetik untuk 1 (satu) liter bahan bakar pada kondisi tanpa beban biaya yang dihabiskan sebesar Rp. 6.645,- dan mesin genset dapat beroperasi  selama 2,9 jam, untuk 1 (satu) liter bahan bakar pada kondisi dengan beban 700 watt biaya yang dihabiskan sebesar Rp. 6.645,- dan mesin genset dapat beroperasi selama 1,3 jam. Kata Kunci : Mesin genset, zat aditif sintetik, zat aditif alami, konsumsi bahan bakar, emisi gas buang, biaya bahan bakar.
Kajian Analitis Sistem Pembangkit Uap Kogenerasi Lamsihar S Tamba; . Harmen; A.Yudi Eka Risano
Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin Vol 1, No 3 (2013)
Publisher : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin

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Abstract

Indonesia merupakan negara yang sedang berkembang di bidang industri dan memiliki tingkat pertumbuhan penduduk yang tinggi. Hal ini mengakibatkan tidak terpenuhinya permintaan akan ketersediaan energi listrik. Seperti telah diketahui bahwa pada umumnya bahan bakar dari pembangkit energi listrik tersebut merupakan sumber daya alam yang tidak dapat diperbaharui dan suatu waktu akan habis. Maka dari itu perlu dilakukan konservasi energi. Salah satu upaya menigkatkan efisiensi energi adalah penerapan sistem pembangkit uap kogenerasi. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk menganalisa peningkatan efisiensi sistem kogenerasi. Penelitian ini dimulai dari pengambilan data berupa kondisi uap untuk setiap tingkat keadaan dan kemudian menghitung efisiensi energi dari system pembangkit. Hasil dari perhitungan efisiensi energi  didapat nilai faktor utilitas sistem pembangkit kogenerasi adalah sebesar 44,7 % (data pengamatan) dan 49,9 % (data spesifikasi). Kalor pemanasan produk pada sistem pembangkit tersebut  adalah  sebesar 9318,85 kW (data pengamatan) dan 9294,66 kW (data spesifikasi). Pada sistem pembangkit tersebut terdapat proses ekstraksi untuk pemanasan produk yang meningkatkan efisiensi pemanfaatan energi dan keuntungan biaya produksi. Kata kunci:  Efisiensi Energi, Kogenerasi, Kalor.
Perancangan, Pembuatan, dan Pengujian Pembangkit Listrik Energi Biomassa Rachmat Cahaya Putra; Indra Mamad Gandidi; Harmen Burhanuddin
Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin Vol 1, No 2 (2013): Jurnal FEMA Vo.1 No.2 Tanggal 10 April 2013
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Abstract

This paper describe about designing and testing laboratory-scalebiomass energy power plant, toprovideelectricityin remote areasand islandswhich utilizerenewable energyin accordancewith thepresident decreeNo.5/2006. The power plantis built with gasificationreactorwhich designedbased onImbertdowndraftgasifier, integrated gas cleaned up system (IGCS) include cyclones, venturiscrubbersrectangulartype, and a new gas cleaner which called rotaryseparator. Experiments carried out withthe parametersof gasificationsystemsAFR0.48,0.5, 0.54,scrubbingwater flow 1.26, 2.62, 3.33l/min, rotaryseparator suction speed about 0.9,3.4,4.4 m/s. Each of parameters was interacted to producecleanproducer gas which free from tarandimpurities, as wellas ahigh calorificvalue as fuelgasgenerator. The result of experiment and literature review shows thatthecurrentgasificationAFR about 0.54still far enough from ideal rice husk gasification AFRabout 1.5. Eventhough, the remaining taris stillrelativelyhigh at3788.1mg/m3. AfterIGCSinstalled,the tarcan be significantly reducedto210.45mg/m3, with thescrubbingwater flow3.33l/min, and4.4 m/s suction speed of rotaryseparator. In addition, theelectric powergeneratedis stillbelow 100W,so installationshouldbe modifiedagain, especially in thesector ofair supply tothe reactor.Keywords : electricity crisis, biomass gasification, biomass energy power plant.
Pengaruh Kedalaman Alur Back Chipping Pada Pengelasan Listrik SMAW Baja Karbon Sedang AISI 1045 Terhadap Uji Kekuatan Tarik Trisulohadi Ben Fikmar; . Tarkono; . Zulhanif
Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin Vol 1, No 4 (2013)
Publisher : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin

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Abstract

Medium carbon steel can be assembled in various ways, one of them by welding. On the implementation of welding using SMAW welding type which is one method of welding is used widely in construction grafting techniques. In welding, there’s common defects such as imperfections of root penetration, hardened and cracked. Back chipping or welding opponent needs to be done to avoid or fix things that often occur in the root weld. SMAW welding is one method which is widely used in construction grafting techniques. This study aims to determine the different test results with the depth of groove weld seam treatment chipping back to the tensile strength test also to determine micro structure. The depth of groove seam using a variation of 2 mm, 3 mm and 4 mm, then the welding results of each treatment were divided into three tensile test specimens and one photo micro specimen. Upon completion of the test specimens and then tensile test performed and photo micro to acknlowledge changes in mechanical properties. From the testing that has been done, the result from tensile strength at back chipping welding with 3mm depth is higher than treated back chipping welding with 2mm and 4 mm depth. The largest maximum tensile strength were found in the back chipping welding groove with 3mm depth is 683.3 MPa, while the untreated back chipping weld the largest maximum tensile strength is 591.7 MPa. Microstructure of root steel welding was welded without back chipping has dominant ferrite grain area.  Keywords: Medium carbon steel AISI 1045, SMAW, back chipping, tensile strength, photo micro.
KAJIAN EKSPERIMENTAL PENGARUH BENTUK SUDU TERHADAP UNJUK KERJA TURBIN HELIK UNTUK SISTEM PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA MIKRO HIDRO (PLTMH) Andareas Wijaya Sitepu; Jorfri B Sinaga; Agus Sugiri
Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin Vol 2, No 2 (2014): Jurnal FEMA Vol.2 No.2 Tanggal 10 April 2014
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Abstract

Electric energy demand in Indonesia is currently growing and is still dominated by energy-based fossil fuels, such as petroleum and coal. Fossil fuels are not renewable energy, so that when exploited continuously then fossil fuel reserves will be exhausted. In addition there are also areas where geographical conditions which do not allow the electrical networks up to the community. It needs to be made an effort to supply electrical energy needs by utilizing existing and potential conditions on the area such as energy of water flow. One of the turbines that can be used to harness the energy of water flow is helical turbines. The parameters for the use of a turbine is one form of helical blades (NACA), where the form of the blades (NACA) it affects the style of the lift and drag forces helical turbines. On the research study was performed experimentally on effect shape of blade of the helical turbine blades form by varying the shape of turbine blades NACA 0020, 0025 and 0030 with number of blades as much as 3 pieces for each form of blades. From the results of testing the turbine efficiency is obtained by helical 33,97% on the operation of the turbine blades with NACA helical 0030 and water flow rate of 0.8 m/s with a given light load of 130 Watts.Keywords : water turbines, micro hydro, the helical turbine, water power.
Cover Jurnal FEMA Vol.1 No.2 April Tahun 2013 Cover Halaman Sampul
Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin Vol 1, No 2 (2013): Jurnal FEMA Vo.1 No.2 Tanggal 10 April 2013
Publisher : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin

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Jurnal FEMA Jurusan Teknik Mesin Universitas Lampung Edisi Vol 1 No.2 Tahun 2013 diterbitkan pada 10 April 2013, dengan 10 Penulis Jurnal.
PERILAKU CREEP PADA KOMPOSIT POLYESTER YUKALAC 157 BQTN-EX DENGAN FILLER SERAT GELAS Marlin, Dodi; Sugiyanto, .; Zulhanif, .
Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin FEMA Vol. 1 No. 1 (2013)
Publisher : FT UNILA

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Research aims to investigate the creep behavior of the composite which made from polyester resin with fiberglass filler. Composites are composed from fiber glass with pararel oriented, then the composition of the fiber volume to matrix are vary at 5%: 95%, 10%: 90%, and 15%: 85%.Composite then casted based on dimensions listed in ASTM D2990. Composites tested with the tensile test to determine the tensile strength of the composite. The test is continue with creep testing by providing creep load on the testing 60% of the tensile strength. In order to know the mechanism of failure in the plane of composite fracture, SEM is used to observing it. The test result showed that the composite with the volume composition of the fiber versus matrix : 15 %: 85%, has the longest time of all variations although just only 1000 seconds.The low creep time due to presence of voids in the composite matrix, fiber breaking, pull out, debonding at the fiber and also the influence of loading during creep testing are not uniform.With a maximum creep only 1000 seconds, the composite results of this study are not feasible to be applied in both the shipping industry andautomotive.Keywords: polymer composite, Polyester, Fiber glass, creep behaviour
PERILAKU CREEP PADA KOMPOSIT POLYESTER DENGAN SERAT KULIT BAMBU APUS (GIGANTOCHLOA APUS (J.A & J. H. SCHULTES) KURZ) Taufik, M.Ikhsan; Sugiyanto, .; Zulhanif, .
Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin FEMA Vol. 1 No. 1 (2013)
Publisher : FT UNILA

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Bamboo is used as raw material wicker and crafts are emerging as a new solution for use as new materials that are more environmentally friendly and have better mechanical strength. Research by utilizing bamboo as reinforcement fibers and polyester resin matrix aims to determine the mechanical strength of the resulting composite merging the two. Bamboo fiber composites made with various volume fractions of 10%, 15% and 20% using polyester resin and catalyst MEKPO ratio 100:1. The composite is prepared by hand lay-up by using a glass as a mold. Bamboo fibers used as reinforcement composites, is expected to increase the tensile strength and creep strength of each variation. In addition to observing the microstructure using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) to determine the failure mechanisms that occur on the fracture surface.From this study the authors concluded that bamboo fiber composites have the potential for further development because the tensile test results are directly proportional to the addition of fiber to the highest tensile strength was 86.01 MPa at 20% volume fraction, whereas the average creep testing best time of 529.63 seconds on 10% volume fraction, the failure mechanism of the plates shown in SEM is a form of fiber breaking, pull out and de bonding.Keywords: Bamboo, composite, creep.
PEMBUATAN OTOMASI PENGATURAN KERETA API, PENGEREMAN, DAN PALANG PINTU PADA REL KERETA API MAINAN BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER Santoso, Ari Beni; Martinus, .; Sugiyanto, .
Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin FEMA Vol. 1 No. 1 (2013)
Publisher : FT UNILA

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This research is intended to study experimentally the relationship between automation systemsfor the transportation system, while the emphasis is on the point of train control system on the rails.The design of manufacturing automation systems in this research using a microcontroller PUATTiny 2313-20 for setting the working mechanism of the dynamo on a train and ArduinoDuemilanove to open or close the railway doorstop. The data obtained from this research arespeed, braking system that is safe, and the optocoupler output. Safe braking distances used inresearch was 10 cm. Keywords : Automation Systems, Microcontroller, Optocoupler, Braking Systems.
Pengaruh Penambahan Abu Sekam Padi Terhadap Kekuatan Tekan Dan Porositas Genteng Tanah Liat Kabupaten Pringsewu Kusuma, Mei Indra; Tarkono, .; Badaruddin, Moh.
Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin FEMA Vol. 1 No. 1 (2013)
Publisher : FT UNILA

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Rice’ husk ash’ prosperous in silica (siO2). Silica in construction term, especially concrete technology had already been used as additional ingredient. Husk ash is used as additional ingredient of clay roof tile making process. It is made by compounding of clay, sand, water andhusk ash. Then, they are mashed by extruder machine and forming of kuweh and then, airing for three days before the process of stamping. The roof tile is dried for four days then there is fumigation for twelve days and continued by combustion for also twelve days. The examination which used is press and porosity examination with the aim of knowing whether there is additional impact of rice’ husk ash’ existence or not into clay roof tile in Kabupaten Pringsewu. Theresearch’s results showed that there is conversion of press and porosity power compared with roof tile without rice’s husk ash composition. The optimum value for the press and porosity examination is obtained from the roof tile with 5% rice’s husk ash’ composition with the press power’s average value 11.118 KPa and the porosity average value 20.16%. The minimum value for the press and porosity power is obtained from the roof tile without rice’s husk ash’s composition with the press power’s average value 8.393 KPa and its porosity average value 21.92%.Keywords: clay roof tile, rice husk ash, silica (SiO2), press power, porosity.

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