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Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
ISSN : 18296971     EISSN : 24604461     DOI : 10.20543
Core Subject : Engineering,
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik (Journal of Leather, Rubber, and Plastics) publishes original research focused on materials, processes, and waste management in the field of leather, rubber, and plastics.
Articles 781 Documents
Karakteristik sifat mekanik, ketahanan api dan pembakaran, dan morfologi nanokomposit campuran PVC dan LDPE Yuniari, Arum
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 30, No 1 (2014): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (810.012 KB) | DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v30i1.117

Abstract

The  purpose of the study was to determine the effect of addition of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and flame retardant on mechanical properties, resistant to fire and burning and morphology from the mixture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), LDPE, flame retardant, and nanoprecipitated calcium carbonate (NPCC) as filler. The materials were mixed in laboplastomill at 215 ºC, torque speed 50 rpm, for 10 minutes. Nanocomposite was prepared by PVC/LDPE variations of 100/15; 100/20; 100/25; and 100/30 phr and flame retardant variations of 30 and 35 phr. The results showed that the hihger of LDPE in nanocomposite increased the hardness and impact resistance, however, it decreased the tensile strength, elongation at break, and density. Addition of flame retardant to the nanocomposites showed good resistance to fire and burning, and optimum mechanical properties were found in using of 35 phr flame retardant.The morphology of the nanocomposite, were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) confirmed that homogeneous mixture of LDPE dispersed in the PVC matrix.ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan low density polyethylene (LDPE) dan flame retardant terhadap sifat mekanik, ketahanan terhadap api dan pembakaran serta morfologi nanokomposit campuran polyvinyl chloride (PVC) dan LDPE. Nanokomposit dibuat dari campuran PVC, LDPE, flame retardant dan nanoprecipitated calcium carbonate (NPCC) sebagai filler. Bahan-bahan dicampur menggunakan laboplastomill pada suhu 215 ºC, kecepatan torsi 50 rpm selama 10 menit. Nanokomposit PVC/LDPE dibuat dengan variasi 100/15; 100/20; 100/25 dan 100/30 phr serta variasi flame retardant (FR) 30 dan 35 phr. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa jumlah LDPE naik dalam nanokomposit: kekerasan dan ketahanan pukul takik menunjukkan kenaikan, tetapi kuat tarik, kemuluran, dan berat jenis turun. Penambahan flame retardant menyebabkan nanokomposit mempunyai ketahanan yang baik terhadap api dan pembakaran, dan optimun sifat mekanik diperoleh pada penggunaan flame retardant 35 phr. Morfologi nanokomposit campuran PVC dan LDPE diamati dengan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), campuran homogen LDPE terdispersi pada matriks PVC.
Arang aktif sekam padi sebagai bahan pengisi kompon sol karet Yuniari, Arum; Lestari, Sri Brataningsih Puji
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 19, No 1 (2003): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1963.08 KB) | DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v19i1.244

Abstract

The aim of this research was to investigate the properties of activated carbon from rice husk filler in their application on vulcanized rubber soles, and to determine its suitability for rubber compound, the  properties of activated carbon from rice husk filler in their application on vulcanized rubber soles, and to determine its suitability for rubber compound, the properties of activated carbon made from rice husk was investigated by comparing with cabon black N 330. Activated carbon made from rice husk was made by carbonization process at temperature of 4500C for 1 hour and activation process with NaCL  4%  for 24 hours followed by pyrolysis at temperature 5000C for 1 hour. Filler was milled and sieved by 400 mesh siefter. The research showed that using activated carbon in the amount 20 phr and carbon black N330 40 phr. Fulfill the requirement at SNI : 12-0172-1987 : Canvas shoes sole for general purpose, where as tensile strength 11,24 N/mm2, elongation at break : 699%, tear strength  2,97 N/mm2, hardness : 65,7 shore A, density 1,23 gram/cm2, permanent set 0,10%, abrasion 0,72 mm3/ kgm and flexing at 250 kcs no crack.   Keywords : rice husk, rubber, filler
Pembuatan sol karet lembaran untuk sandal Herminiwati, Herminiwati; Karsiati, Niken
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 15, No 2 (1999): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2084.691 KB) | DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v15i2.262

Abstract

The purpose  of the research was to find best formulation for rubber sole sheeting for sandal. The formulation of the compounds were made by variation ratio of natural rubber and sintetic rubber SBR as follow : 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 and 0/100, where as the variation ratio of carbon black N330 and aluminium silicate filler 100/0, 60/40 and 20/80 respectively. Compounding process was carried out on two roll mill.The rubber compounds were vulcanized at temperature 150oC and pressure of 150 kg/cm2 with curing time as indicated by curometer. Vulcanized rubber were tested based on SNI. 06-0899-1989 : Rubber sheeting for sole. The best formulation was consist of natural rubber 75 phr, sintetic rubber SBR 25 phr, stearic acid 3 phr, zinc oxide 5 phr, Minarex B oil 5 phr, car bon black 100 phr, MBTS 1 phr, PBN 1 phr and sulfur 2 phr. The physical properties of the best compound were : tensile strength 185,42 kg/cm2, elongation at break 276,64%, tear resistance 158,90 kg/cm2, hardness 74 shore A, density 1,21 g/cm3, Grasselli abrasion resistance 0,326 mm3/kgm, permanent set 7,78% and no crack on the flex cracking test. The best compound could meet the requirements of SNI. 06-0899-1989. INTISARI  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan formulasi terbaik dalam pembuatan sol karet lembaran untuk sandal. Formulasi kompon dibuat dengan variasi perbandingan karet alamdan karet sintetis SBR sebagai berikut : 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/25 dan 0/100, sedang variasi perbandingan filler carbon black dan aluminium silikat berturut-turut 100/0, 60/40, dan 20/80. Proses komponding dilakukan dengan alat two roll mill, kompon karet divulkanisasi pada suhu 150oC, tekanan 150 kg/cm2 dan waktu vulkanisasi sesuai dengan waktu pada curometer. Vulkanisat karet diuji menurut SNI. 06-0899-1989 : Lembaran karet cetak untuk sol. Formulasi terbaik terdiri atas karet alam 75 phr, karet sintetik SBR 25 phr, asam stearat 3 phr, Zn O 5 phr, minyak Minarek B 5 phr, carbon black 100 phr, MBTS 1 phr, PBN 1 phr dan sulfur 2 phr. Sifat fisis formulasi terbaik adalah : tegangan putus 185,42 kg/cm2, perpanjangan putus 276,64%, ketahanan sobek 158,90 kg/cm2, kekerasan 74 shore A, bobot jenis 1,21 g/cm3, ketahanan kikis Grasselli 0,326 mm3/kgm, perpanjangan tetap 7,8% dan tidak retak pada uji ketahanan retak lentur, serta memenuhi persyaratan SNI. 06-08991989.
Pengaruh rasio MBTS/ZDEC pada campuran karet alam dan etilen propilen diena yang dibuat dengan teknik kontrol migrasi curatives Indrajati, Ihda Novia; Sholeh, Muhammad
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 30, No 1 (2014): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (917.258 KB) | DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v30i1.124

Abstract

The objective of this research was to observe the effect of MBTS/ZDEC ratio on dynamic properties, curing characteristic, morphology as well as hardness and resiliency of the NR/EPDM blends prepared by curatives migration control technique. The MBTS/ZDEC ratio were 1.6/0.0; 1.5/0.1; 1.4/0.2; 1.3/0.3 and 1.2/0.4 respectively on a fixed NR/EPDM ratio of 60/40. Compounds (EPDM and NR) were prepared separately using two roll mill. The blends with binary accelerator MBTS/ZDEC showed synergistic activity which provided higher crosslink density than those of single accelerator MBTS. Reduction of ts2 and t90 as well as cure rate index (CRI) indicated the more homogeneous crosslink density distribution within the rubber phase. Scanning electron micrograph showed that the blends with binary accelerator gave smoother surface. Binary accelerator resulted higher hardness. Increasing of ZDEC raised hardness followed by reduction of the resillience property.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh rasio MBTS/ZDEC pada sifat dinamik, karakteristik curing, karakteristik morfologi serta kekerasan dan sifat pegas pantul campuran NR/EPDM yang dibuat dengan teknik kontrol migrasi curatives. Rasio MBTS/ZDEC yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini secara berurutan 1,6/0,0; 1,5/0,1; 1,4/0,2; 1,3/0,3; dan 1,2/0,4 pada rasio NR/EPDM tetap 60/40. Kompon dibuat secara terpisah (kompon EPDM dan NR) menggunakan two roll mill. Campuran NR/EPDM dengan akselerator biner MBTS/ZDEC menunjukkan sinergi aktivitas yang memberikan kerapatan ikatan silang lebih tinggi daripada akselerator tunggal MBTS. Kemampuan proses kompon akselerator biner lebih rendah daripada akselerator tunggal. Penurunan ts2 dan t90 serta kenaikan indeks kecepatan reaksi (CRI) mengindikasikan distribusi ikatan silang yang merata pada kedua fasa karet. Mikrograf pemindaian elektron (SEM) menunjukkan campuran dengan akselerator biner mempunyai permukaan yang lebih halus. Kekerasan vulkanisat sistem biner lebih tinggi. Penambahan ZDEC meningkatkan kekerasan dan diikuti dengan penurunan sifat pegas pantul.
Penggunaan lemak fleshing industri penyamakan kulit untuk pembuatan sabun mandi Sunaryo, Ignatius; Sutyasmi, Sri; Widari, Widari; Murwati, Murwati
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 18, No 1 (2002): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2992.527 KB) | DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v18i1.267

Abstract

An experimentation the Use of Fat from Fleshing of Leather Tanning Industry to Produce Bath Soap was aimed to use the fat from fleshing to gain the alternative source of basic material for bath soap, to assist the industry to solve the environmental pollution and increasing the population income. The point to be gained after finishing this experiment was to find out the problem solving of environmental pollution problem caused by fleshing from leather tanning industry. Goat/sheep fleshing from one of leather tannings in Yogyakarta was collected and had been used as a source of fat. Fat from fleshing was produced by 3 kinds of heating those were coocked, “kukus”, and steam. The results of fat analysis showed that the average of saphonification value was 201.01; free faty acid value was 0.86%; acid value was 1.72 and the unsaphonification fat value was 1.44%. The variations of fat used for bath soap manufacture were 55%, 60%, 65%, 70% and 75%; whereas the variations of sodium hydrokside were 11, 14, 17. 20 and 23, each of which was in parts. The result of this experiment showed that the fat from fleshing could be a source of fat and could be used for bath soap manufacture. In such way, it could be as a pollultion problem solving to the industry. The result of bath  soap analysis showed that almost all of the variations of fat and sodium hydrokside could meet the SNI 06-3532-1994 about bath soap. Economically point of view showed that the value of producing fat in various regions such as Jabotabek, West Java, Center Java, DIY and East would vary from Rp6,000,000,- to Rp.200,000,000,-; whereas the value of producing bath soap would vary from Rp 21,000,000,- - Rp 700,000,000,- Key words: fleshing, fat, soap, environment, tannery, waste management. 
Pengurangan nitrogen pada limbah cair terolah industri penyamakan kulit menggunakan sistem wetland buatan Prayitno, Prayitno
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 30, No 2 (2014): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (768.282 KB) | DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v30i2.129

Abstract

Recently constructed wetland have been widely used in wastewater treatment because of its low energy consumption and its simple operation. A research for removing nitrogen in the treated tannery wastewater by using constructed wetland have been conducted. Two unit of constructed wetland were used. Each unit was vegetated with Equisetum hyemale and Echinodorus palaefolius respectively. Both unit were then operated with subsurface flow system by varying the residence time at 3.125; 2.083; and 1.563 days. The results showed that the optimum effectiveness of nitrogen reduction were 83.67% with a residence time of 3.125 days and 70.29% with a residence time of 2.083 days for Equisetum hyemale and Echinodorus palaefolius respectively. Nitrogen reduction rate constant of 0.275 by using the formula of the USEPA was only suitable for wetland with Equisetum hyemale with R2 of 0.880.Keywords: constructed wetland, nitrogen removal, Equisetum hyemale, Echinodorus palaefolius.ABSTRAKSaat ini wetland buatan sangat luas digunakan untuk pengolahan limbah cair dikarenakan rendahnya energi yang diperlukan dan pengoperasiannya yang sederhana. Penelitian untuk penurunan kadar nitrogen limbah industri kulit terolah dengan menggunakan wetland buatan telah dilakukan. Penelitian dengan menggunakan dua unit wetland buatan dimana masing-masing ditanami dengan tumbuhan bambu air dan melati air. Kedua unit wetland buatan dioperasikan dengan sistem aliran di bawah permukaan dengan memvariasi waktu tinggal berturut-turut 3,125; 2,083; dan 1,563 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa efektifitas optimum penurunan nitrogen untuk unit wetland dengan tanaman bambu air adalah sebesar 83,67% dengan waktu tinggal 3,125 hari, sedangkan untuk melati air penurunan nitrogen optimum terjadi pada wetland dengan waktu tinggal 2,083 hari dengan efektifitas penurunan sebesar 70,29%. Konstanta kecepatan penurunan nitrogen sebesar 0,275 dengan menggunakan formula dari USEPA hanya sesuai untuk wetland dengan tumbuhan bambu air dengan R2 sebesar 0,880.Kata kunci: wetland buatan, pengurangan nitrogen, bambu air, melati air. 
Penelitian pengaruh plasticizer DOP terhadap sifat fisis slab kompon PVC untuk acuan sepatu Rochani, Siti
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 1, No 2 (1984): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1051.542 KB) | DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v1i2.272

Abstract

DOP Plasticizer is a chemical substance which its function is to increase the plasticity of PVC compound slab.By adding DOP plasticizer can imporoves the impact resistance properties and decrease the hardness of slab. The utilization of 30% DOP results the greatest impact resistance (6,1016 kg/cm), and the hardness 55 shore A of PVC coumpund slab produced by this experiment.
Pengaruh sulfur terhadap sifat fisika campuran pale crepe dan SBR untuk karet tahan panas Yuniari, Arum; Sarengat, Nursamsi; Lestari, Sri Brataningsih Puji
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 29, No 2 (2013): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (735.187 KB) | DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v29i2.181

Abstract

ABSTRACTSulfur plays an important role in the rubber vulcanization process especially in the formation of crosslinks. Heat resistant rubber made from mixing pale crepe and SBR requires the right amount of sulfur as crosslinking agent. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the addition of sulfur on the changes in physical properties before and after aging. Heat resistant rubber was made with variation of pale crepe/SBR: 80/20; 70/30; 60/40; 50/50 phr and sulfur variation of 1; 1.5 phr. The results showed that sulfur was influential in the crosslinks formation. The addition of 1 phr sulfur gave higher physical properties of the vulcanized with 1.5 phr sulfur. The changes of physical properties after aging process of the vulcanized with sulfur 1 phr was lower than the vulcanized with sulfur 1.5 phr. Vulcanized pale crepe/SBR (70/30) with 1 phr sulfur could be applied as heat-resistant rubber products. Keywords: Pale crepe/SBR blends, sulfur, physical properties, heat resistant rubber ABSTRAKSulfur memegang peranan penting dalam proses vulkanisasi karet terutama dalam hal pembentukan ikatan silang. Karet tahan panas yang dibuat dari pencampuran pale crepe dan SBR membutuhkan sulfur dalam jumlah yang tepat sebagai crosslinking agent. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan sulfur terhadap perubahan sifat fisika sebelum dan sesudah aging. Karet tahan panas dibuat dengan variasi pale crepe/SBR: 80/20; 70/30; 60/40; 50/50 phr dan variasi sulfur 1 dan 1,5 phr. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sulfur sangat berpengaruh terhadap pembentukan ikatan silang. Penambahan sulfur 1 phr memberikan sifat fisika lebih tinggi dari pada vulkanisat dengan sulfur 1,5 phr. Perubahan sifat fisika sesudah aging untuk vulkanisat dengan sulfur 1 phr lebih kecil dari vulkanisat dengan sulfur 1,5 phr. Vulkanisat pale crepe/SBR (70/30) dengan sulfur 1 phr dapat digunakan untuk produk karet tahan panas. Kata kunci: Pale crepe/SBR blends, sulfur, sifat fisika, karet tahan panas.
Penyamakan kulit lapis samak kombinasi dengan bahan penyamak alumunium sebagai bahan penyamak pendahuluan Oetojo, Bambang
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 2, No 5 (1987): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1363.658 KB) | DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v2i5.278

Abstract

As a tanning material alum salt has similar properties of the basic chromium sulphate. It is, therefore, the purpose of this research is to exchange chromium tannage with alum tannage in pretanning for the vegetable tanned lining leather. In doing such a way the chromium pollution may be eliminated, whereas the alum pretanned lining leather output must be fulfill the physical and chemical requirements as that one of the chrome pretanned. In pretanning the use of  alum tannage varied from 2,5%, 3,0%, 3,5% and 4,0%. Afterwards the subsequent process was vegetable tanning using 30% of mimosa powder. The lining leather output from the research was physical and chemical tested. The practical meaning of this research is that for pretanning the vegetable tanned lining leather it is possible to use 2,5% alum salt. The values of the physical and chemical test obtained are that the degree of tannage is 94,54, tensile strength is 174,24 kg/cm2, and strength is 22%. Water absorption for 2 hours is 133,01% and for 24 hours is 134,48%. Whereas the flexural endurance is unbreak condition.
Pembuatan kulit atasan sepatu bebas krom Widari, Widari; Rambat, Rambat; Suparti, Suparti
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 29, No 2 (2013): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (489.968 KB) | DOI: 10.20543/mkkp.v29i2.197

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to obtain the process formulation for leather tanning in manufacturing chrome-free upper leather. The tanning process used vegetable tanning material (mimosa), syntan, and combination of vegetable-syntan. The leather were prepared using 25, 30, and 35% of mimosa, 10, 15, and 20% of syntan, and 15:10; 15:15; and 20%:15% of mimosa:syntan. Chrome tanning material 6% was used as control. Based from the results of physical testing according to SNI 0234:2009, the resulting leather met the quality requirements for shoe upper leather. Tanning process with 20% syntan gave the best result.Keywords: chrome, vegetable, syntan, leather, shoesABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memperoleh formulasi tahapan proses penyamakan kulit dalam pembuatan kulit atasan sepatu bebas krom. Proses penyamakan menggunakan bahan penyamak nabati (mimosa), syntan dan kombinasi antara nabati–syntan. Variasi perlakuan ditetapkan pada penggunaan bahan nabati 25, 30 dan 35%, bahan penyamak syntan 10, 15 dan 20%, dan kombinasi nabati:syntan 15:10, 15:15 dan 20%:15%. Sebagai kontrol adalah bahan penyamak krom 6%. Ditinjau dari hasil uji fisika dengan tolok ukur SNI 0234:2009, kulit hasil penelitian telah memenuhi persyaratan mutu kulit untuk atasan sepatu. Proses penyamakan terbaik diperoleh dengan penggunaan syntan 20%.Kata kunci: krom, nabati, syntan, kulit jadi, sepatu

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