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Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik

MKKP
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Published by Kementerian Perindustrian Republik Indonesia

ISSN : 18296971 EISSN : 24604461 DOI : 10.20543

Core Subject : Engineering,

Engineering

Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik (Journal of Leather, Rubber, and Plastics) publishes original research focused on materials, processes, and waste management in the field of leather, rubber, and plastics.

Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Tenik Industri dan Manufaktur

Articles 781 Documents

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Penerapan sablon pada finishing kulit suede Emiliana Kasmudjiastuti; Emi Sulistyo Astuti
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 20, No 1 (2004): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The application of screen printing on suede leather is the method to improve a high fashion of the apparel material. The motif was applied on the flesh or the grain of suede lether by screening method. The objective of this research is to identify the effect of using the pigment and aniline dye on the adhesion of the finish and the rub fastness suede leather finished with screen printing and also to add a kind of type of finish leather. In this research suede leather was used and colour paste with formulation of binder 350 grams, thickener 100 grams, pigment / aniline 150 grams, filler 70 grams, catalisator 20 grams and water 310 grams. The suede leathers were analyzed their adhesion of the finish (dry and wet) and the rub fastness (dry and wet). The results showed that the pigment and aniline affected the adhesion of the finish but did not affect the rub fastness. The adhesion of the finish of suede leather with pigment colour was 2130 g/cm (dry), 1865 g/cm (wet). While the adhesion of the finish of suede leather with aniline dye was 1720 g/cm (dry) and 1010 g/cm (wet) respectively. The suede leather with pigment and aniline colour resistance to dry and wet rubbing Keywords : suede leather, pigment, aniline, screen printing. Penerapan teknik sablon dengan motif batik adalah metode untuk mengembangkan bahan pakaian untuk mode / fashion. Motif diterapkan pada kulit suede bagian nerf ataupun daging (flesh) dengan menggunakan alat screen yang telah dirancang dengan motif batik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan zat warna pigmen dan anilin terhadap kuat rekat cat dan ketahanan gosok cat kulit suede yang difinish dengan teknik sablon dan juga menambah ragam tipe finish untuk kulit. Bahan yang digunakan adalah kulit suede, pasta cap dengan formulasi bahan perekat 350 gram, pengental 100 gram, zat warna (pigmen / anilin) 150 gram, bahan pengisi 70 gram, katalis 20 gram, air 310 gram. Kulit suede yang telah disablon diuji kuat rekat cat (kering dan basah) dan ketahanan gosok cat (kering dan basah). Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan jenis zat warna ada pasta cap berpengaruh pada kuat rekat cat tetapi tidak berpengaruh pada ketahanan gosok cat. Nilai kuat rekat cat kulit suede yang disablon dengan zat warna pigmen adalah 2.130 g/cm (kering) dan 1.865 g/cm (basah); dengan zat warna anilin 1.720 g/cm (kering) dan 1.010 g/cm (basah). Kulit suede yang disablon dengan zat warna pigmen maupun anilin tahan terhadap gosokan secara kering dan basah. Kata Kunci : Kulit suede, pigmen, anilin, sablon.

Peningkatan ketahanan suhu dingin kulit atasan sepatu melalui pengurangan daya penyerapan air dan pengaruhnya terhadap sifat fisik dan morfologi Prayitno Prayitno; Emiliana Kasmudjiastuti
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 33, No 1 (2017): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

A research has been undertaken to increase the cold resistance of upper leather by decreasing its water absorption ability. Fluorinated acrylic polymer, a water repellent substance, was added at fatliquoring and finishing stages of upper leather with different concentrations levels. Research findings showed that an increase in the water-repellent concentration, i.e. by 5; 7.5; 10; 12.5; and 15%, result in increases in tensile strength, tearing strength, and elongation at break, whereas decreases in water absorption ability. No significant differences for the other physical properties such as water vapor absorption, water vapor permeability, and flexing resistance and they met the standard for shoe leather. Results of scanning electron microscopy indicated an increased thin layer of water repellent on leather fibers as the water-repellent concentration increased. The leather fibers looked smoother, glistened, and thicker. This indicates the penetration of water repellent onto leather fibers.Keywords: water absorption, water repellent, cold resistance, upper leather.

Arang aktif sekam padi sebagai bahan pengisi kompon sol karet Arum Yuniari; Sri Brataningsih Puji Lestari
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 19, No 1 (2003): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The aim of this research was to investigate the properties of activated carbon from rice husk filler in their application on vulcanized rubber soles, and to determine its suitability for rubber compound, the properties of activated carbon from rice husk filler in their application on vulcanized rubber soles, and to determine its suitability for rubber compound, the properties of activated carbon made from rice husk was investigated by comparing with cabon black N 330. Activated carbon made from rice husk was made by carbonization process at temperature of 4500C for 1 hour and activation process with NaCL 4% for 24 hours followed by pyrolysis at temperature 5000C for 1 hour. Filler was milled and sieved by 400 mesh siefter. The research showed that using activated carbon in the amount 20 phr and carbon black N330 40 phr. Fulfill the requirement at SNI : 12-0172-1987 : Canvas shoes sole for general purpose, where as tensile strength 11,24 N/mm2, elongation at break : 699%, tear strength 2,97 N/mm2, hardness : 65,7 shore A, density 1,23 gram/cm2, permanent set 0,10%, abrasion 0,72 mm3/ kgm and flexing at 250 kcs no crack. Keywords : rice husk, rubber, filler

Pengaruh perbedaan jumlah penambahan binder uretan dan berbagai motif embossing terhadap kualitas kulit reject Emiliana Kasmudjiastuti; Prayitno Prayitno; Bidhari Pidhatika; Gresy Griyanitasari
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 32, No 1 (2016): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Rejected tanned leather is tanned lether product with damages of more than 30% of its total surface area, but can be improved by embossing. Embossing is the provision of patterns that influences the properties of articles and contributes to the closure of the defects on the surface of leather. This study aims to determine the influence of urethane binder and embossing motives to the quality of rejected leather for shoe upper applications. Variables investigated were urethane binder composition (100, 150, and 200 part in 1000 part of base coat) and embossing motives (crocodile, ostrich, shark fish, and milled motive). The quality of the leather was then tested in terms of organoleptic properties (feel, flexibility, visual appearance), mechanical properties (tear strength, tensile strength, elongation at break, rub fastness (dry, wet), adhesive strength of cover paint (dry, wet), and flexing resistance), physical properties (WVP and WVA), as well as morphology (SEM). The results showed that the addition of urethane binder and embossing patterns affect the quality of shoe upper leather, i.e. in general covering the leather defects and increasing the visual appearance (organoleptic properties), and changing the collagen network structure (based on SEM test). Visually preferred skin is skin with the addition of 200 parts of the urethane binder and crocodile patterned leather.

Penelitian korelasi plasticizer dop dan filler serbuk kayu meranti untuk acuan sepatu Irene Sri Sukaeni
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 9, No 18 (1994): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

This research is to find out correlation of using DOP plasticier and Shorea Parvifolis Dyer wood flour filler to physical properties of PVC compound for shoe lasting. PVC compound is made from PVC resin added by other ingredients as plasticizer, stabilizer, lubricant and filler. Ingredient used in this research is DOP, Expoxy oil, BaCdZn, Stearic acid, CaCO3 filler and wood flour by variation of DOP and filler percentage. PVC compound produced is tested its physical properties for hardness, impact strength and tensil strength. Data prove that there is correlation between the physical test and percentage of DOP and wood flour filler fulfilling multiple linier regression for hardness and multiple quadratis regression for impact strength and tensile strength. INTISARI Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi penggunaan plasticier DOP dan filler serbuk kayu meranti terhadap sifat-sifat fisika kompon PVC untuk acuan sepatu. Kompon PVC dibuat dari bahan baku resin PVC dengan ditambah ingredient lain yang berfungsi sebagai plasticizer, stabailizer, lubricant dan filler. Pada penelitian ini ingredient yang dipergunakan adalah : DOP, Epoxy oil, BaCdZn, asam stearat serta filler CaCO3 dan sebuk kayu meranti dengan variasi persentase DOP dan filler serbuk kayu. Kompon PVC yang dihasilkan diuji sifat fisikanya menunjukkan adanya korelasi antara uji fisika tersebut denga persentase DOP dan filler serbuk kayu dengan memenuhi persamaan regresi linier multipel untuk kekerasan dan regresi kuadratis multipel untuk uji ketahanan pukul takik dan kekuatan tarik.

Penggunaan gelatine untuk finishing kulit Bambang Oetojo
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 12, No 22 (1996): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Gelatine may be used as a film forming or as a binder on glazed finishing method. The purpose of this research is, therefore, to know the appropriate amount of gelatine which is used on finishing to give a satisfactory effect. For this research it was used 9 pieces of crust goat skin. The crusts were then finish varying from 1 percent, 2 percent and 3 percent. It was used Turkish Red Oil in amount of 0,5 percent. Total solution of the finish should be 100 percent by adding amount of water. In this case water is as a solvent. The crusts were then pad coated, spray coated and top coated with the finish which had been prepared before and were fixed with 10 percent of formalin solution and were glazed. Further more they were tested for the rub fastness using crock metre apparatus. Practical meaning of this research is, the use of gelatine as much as 3 percent in making a finish will give a good. ABSTRAK Gelatine dapat pula digunakan sebagai bahan pembentuk film atau bahan perekat, pada proses penyempurnaan kulit dengan cara dikilapkan. Oleh karena itu, maka tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jumlah yang sesuai dari gelatin untuk membuat larutan cat tutup pada proses penyempurnaan, agar memberi hasil yang memuaskan. Dalam pelaksanaan penelitian ini digunakan Sembilan lembar kulit kras dari kambing. Kulit kras kambing kemudian dibelah menjadi dua bagian menurut garis punggung. Gelatin yang digunakan untuk membuat larutan cat tutup bervariasi dari satu persen, dua persen dan tiga persen. Digunakan cat direct sebesar satu persen sebagai pewarna. Sebagai pelemas digunakan Turkish Red Oil dalam jumlah sebesar setengah persen. Jumlah larutan cat tutup seluruhnya adalah seratus persen dengan jalan menambahkan air. Dalam hal ini air adalah sebagai bahan pelarut. Kemudian kulit kras kambing diulas dengan larutan cat tutup, disemprot dengan larutan pelapis penutup atas yang telah disediakan sebelumnya. Kemudian kulit disemprot dengan formalin sepuluh persen dan setelah kering dikilapkan dengan mesin. Selanjutnya kulit hasil penelitian diuji mengenai ketahanan gosok cat menggunakan alat crock metre. Arti praktis dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa, penggunaan gelatin sebesar 3 persen pada pembuatan larutan cat tutup, menghasilkan ketahanan gosok cat tutup yang baik.

Penelitian pengaruh asam sulfat terhadap sifat fisika kekerasan atasan sepatu kerja PVC Kusumo Retno Winahyu
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 12, No 22 (1996): Majalah Barang Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The Research of hardness aspect of PVC boot upper treated by sulfuric acid to detect influence of sulfuric acid to hardness upper on PVC boot upper. The method of the research has been done by immersing samples in sulfuric acid solution 30 % (v/v) for 24 hours. After immersing samples examined connected with hardness physical property. The result of the research shown that hardness physical property become decreasing until 16,08 % has error standard 5,48. It is still agree with SNI 12 – 1848-1990. Sepatu bot dari PVC. INTISARI Penelitian sifat kekerasan atasan sepatu kerja PVC terhadap perlakuan bahan kimia asam sulfat, bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh asam sulfat terhadap sifat kekerasan atasan sepatu kerja PVC. Dilakukan dengan cara merendam contoh uji atasan sepatu kerja PVC ke dalam asam sulfat 30% (v/v) selama 24 jam, kemudian dilakukan uji sifat fisika kekerasan. Hasil pengujian sifat fisika kekerasan atasan sepatu kerja PVC menunjukkan bahwa terjadi penurunan sifat fisika kekerasan sepatu kerja PVC sesudah perlakuan perendaman dengan asam sulfat sebesar 16,08 %, dengan simpangan baku 5,48. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, hasil uji kekerasan atasan sepatu kerja PVC masih memenuhi persyaratan SNI 12 – 1848-1990, Sepatu bot dari PVC.

Kinetic analysis of thermal degradation of NR/EPDM blends with maleic anhydride as compatibilizer: The eﬀect of the reactive accelerators Hesty Eka Mayasari; Arum Yuniari
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 33, No 2 (2017): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

Thermal characteristic is important to determine the thermal resistance of a polymer. In this work, the thermal characteristics of the NR/EPDM blends was investigated to study the storage and application condition of the blends. The NR/EPDM blends were prepared in the two-roll mill by using MAH as a compatibilizer with several types of accelerators, i.e., MBTS from thiazole group, the combination of MBTS and TMTD from thiuram group, and TBBS from sulphenamide group. This research used the thermogravimetric method with the heating rate of 10, 15, and 20ºC/min. The kinetic parameters are calculated by using Coats-Redfern equation. The degradation of NR/EPDM blends occurs in two stages (frst stage at 220-420ºC and second stage at 420-520ºC). Combination of MBTS and TMTD give higher energy activation (112.236 kJ/mol), followed by MBTS-blend (111.999 kJ/mol), and TBBS-blend (110.856 kJ/mol). Combination of MBTS and TMTD accelerator with MAH as the compatibilizer is the proper choice for NR/EPDM blends to get a good thermal stability.

Pembuatan vulkanisat ban dalam dengan bahan pengisi arang aktif kayu bangkirai Herminiwati Herminiwati; Purnama Darmadji; Supranto Supranto
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 19, No 1 (2003): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The objective of this research was to study the preparation of vulcanized rubber inner tube for motorcycles. Activated carbon of bangkirai wood and carbon black N330 were utilized as filler either separately formulated or combination. The ratio of activated carbon and carbon black were 25/ 0; 18/75/6,25; 12,5/12,5; 6,25/18,75 and 0,25 respectively. In wood processing, only about 60% of wood is converted to end product, with some of 30% of the rest is converted to organic solid waste. This organic solid waste needs to be handled or converted to some more usefull product such as carbon rubber filler. The filler was prepared by carbonization process at temperature 4500C for one hour and activation process with NaCl 4 % for twenty four hours, followed by pyrolysis at temperature 5000C for one hour. Filler were milled and sieved by 400 mesh siefter. The vulcanized rubber inner tube was tested for its physical properties according to SNI 06-1542-1984. The research showed that a filler combination of activated carbon of bangkirai wood and carbon black in comparison of 6,25/18,75 could meet the requirements of SNI 06-1542-1984 in tensile strength, elongation at break, 300% modulus, hardness, density, and 200% permanent set. Keywords : filler, activated carbon, bangkirai wood, inner tube.

Pengaruh bahan water repellent terhadap morfologi dan sifat-sifat fisika pada pembuatan kulit atasan sepatu ramah lingkungan Prayitno Prayitno; Emiliana Kasmudjiastuti; Dona Rahmawati
Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik Vol 32, No 2 (2016): Majalah Kulit, Karet, dan Plastik
Publisher : Center for Leather, Rubber, and Plastic Ministry of Industry, Indonesia

The term of eco-friendly leather can be interpreted as chrome-free tanned leather. Recently, almost 80% of leather is tanned using chrome tanning agent because of the ease in processing and excellence of the physical properties. Nevertheless, people nowadays want an eco-friendly leather product. Vegetable tanning materials can be said as eco-friendly tanning material because their waste degrades easily. One of the weaknesses in the use of vegetable tanning is a high water absorption capability. In this research used a water repellent material that has the properties to suppress the ability of water absorption. The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of water repellent on physical properties and morphology of leather tanned by vegetable tanning materials. Because one of the weaknesses in the vegetable tanning is its high water absorption capability, in this research, water repellent was used and varied by 5; 7.5; 10; 12.5; and 15% . Physical properties obtained were compared with analysis of variance with the significance level of 95%. The water repellent increased from 5% to 15%. The results showed a decrease in water absorption capability from 77.6% to 65.39%, tearing strength from 41.64 to 20.05 kg/cm, tensile strength from 227.10 to 163.53 kg/cm2, and elongation at break from 57.11 to 49.68%, strong swelling and WVA have no significant changes, while for WVP, the maximum use of water repellent at 12.5%. SEM results indicate the presence of a thin layer on the leather fiber that can inhibit the absorption of water.Keywords: water repellent, upper leather, vegetable tanning, water absorption.

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