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Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry

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Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

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Core Subject : Health, Science,

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

BIOLOGY, MEDICINE, & NATURAL PRODUCT CHEMISTRY, this journal is published to attract and disseminate innovative and expert findings in the fields of plant, animal, and microorganism secondary metabolite, and also the effect of natural product on biological system as a reference source for researchers in these fields, and with the aim to set international standards in their methodology.

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Articles 404 Documents

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A Simple and Practical Method for Rat Epididymal Sperm Count (Rattus norvegicus) Muhammad Ja’far Luthfi
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 4, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Sperm sample from epididymal source can be determined its number using minimal amount of equipment. These method will aid researcher and practitioner in sperm quality analysis to determined sperm number rapidly and practically.

Identification Of Migratory Birds And Their Spesific Characteristics Of Habitat In The Salt Water Lake Of Gili Meno, North Lombok Distric Diah Purwitasari; Luh Gde Sri Astiti; Supriadi Supriadi
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 3, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

The aim of this research was to identify the species of migratory birds in the ecosystem of salt water lake of Gili Meno and their specific characteristics of habitat. Data collection for birds, mangrove and fish species has been carried out in September and October 2013. In this study, a Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index and Importance Value Index (IVI) of mangrove vegetation were calculated to identify carrying capacity of mangrove population in the form of specific habitat in salt water lake of Gili Meno. This research has identified 17 species of birds which are divided into 5 families: Scolopacidae, Charadriidae, Ardeidae, Meropidae and Alcedinidae. Moreover, 3 species of mangrove were discovered that are A. marina, A. lanata and E. Agallocha, as well as one species of fish (Mujair fish/O. mossambicus). N. Nycticorax and B. Striatus were well-known to have higher population than other bird species. The Diversity Index showed that mangrove vegetation in the ecosystem of salt water lake of Gili Meno has a low species diversity (0.565). This is due to higher dominance of one species than the others. What is more, the IVI of A. marina demonstrated a fairly significant value compared to that of other species (189,01). Mangrove vegetation which surrounds the ecosystem of salt water lake of Gili Meno has formed a unique habitat and and an ideal stopover site for migratory birds. The ecosystem not only provides shelters from predators but also supplies for various abundant feeding sources. The lake it self is rather shallow and muddy around the shore which gives advantages for the migratory birds to obtain plenty small fish from the lake.

Ecopharmacognosy: Exploring The Chemical And Biological Potential Of Nature For Human Health Geoffrey A. Cordell
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 3, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

“Why didn’t they develop natural product drugs in a sustainable manner at the beginning of this century?” In 2035, when about 10.0 billion will inhabit Earth, will this be our legacy as the world contemplates the costs and availability of synthetic and gene-based products for primary health care? Acknowledging the recent history of the relationship between humankind and the Earth, it is essential that the health care issues being left for our descendants be considered in terms of resources. For most people in the world, there are two vast health care “gaps”, access to quality drugs and the development of drugs for major global and local diseases. Consequently for all of these people, plants, in their various forms, remain a primary source of health care. In the developed countries, natural products derived from plants assume a relatively minor role in health care, as prescription and over-the-counter products, even with the widespread use of phytotherapeutical preparations. Significantly, pharmaceutical companies have retrenched substantially in their disease areas of focus. These research areas do not include the prevalent diseases of the middle- and lower-income countries, and important diseases of the developed world, such as drug resistance. What then is the vision for natural product research to maintain the choices of drug discovery and pharmaceutical development for future generations? In this discussion some facets of how natural products must be involved globally, in a sustainable manner, for improving health care will be examined within the framework of the new term “ecopharmacognosy”, which invokes sustainability as the basis for research on biologically active natural products. Access to the biome, the acquisition, analysis and dissemination of plant knowledge, natural product structure diversification, biotechnology development, strategies for natural product drug discovery, and aspects of multitarget therapy and synergy research will be discussed. Options for the future will be presented which may be significant as countries decide how to develop approaches to relieve their own disease burden, and the needs of their population for improved access to medicinal agents.

The Effect Of Intensive Keramba On The Presence Of Parasite Organisms In Rivers Of Lingsar Area Supriadi Supriadi; Maratun Janah
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 4, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

The application of intensive keramba in rivers could affect the presence of parasite organisms throughout the river downstream. The aims of this research are to find out the diversity of parasite species and the effect of intensive aquaculture method developed by the community on the presence of various parasitic organisms, particularly in the downstream area. A total of 65 Tilapia fish samples (O. niloticus) that was collected from 3 areas ( 15 samples from upstream, 25 samples in keramba and 25 samples from downstream areas) have been examined in the laboratory of Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, University of Mataram. Methods employed to identify parasites that infected fish samples are native method and flotation method. This research has identified 7 species of parasites which were divided into 2 groups: ectoparasites (Trichodina sp., Amylodinium sp., Oogonium sp., Dactylogirus sp., Trematode) and endoparasites (Entamoeba sp. dan Camallanus sp.). Diversity index calculation indicated that parasite organisms in upstream area were lower in number than that in the downstream and intensive karamba area (H’= (0,825; 1,596 dan 1.324 respectively). These data has showed there was a difference in species diversity and evenness index of parasite organisms in the upstream, downstream and intensive keramba area. In conclusion, there was significant influence of the application of intensive keramba on the appearance of various parasite organisms that could affect the sustainability of fish aquaculture.

Morpho-Anatomical Analysis of Cosmostigma racemosum (Asclepiadoideae) Flowers Widodo Widodo; Mohamad Amin; Mimien Henie Irawati Al-Muhdar; Muhammad Ja’far Luthfi
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 3, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Cosmostigma racemosum is a plant species belonging to the family Apocynaceae, the subfamily Asclepiadoideae. Cosmostigma racemosum is found in Nglanggeran Mountain Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. The local name and its original distribution are not known. Information or study of Cosmostigma racemosum in Indonesia is not available. Comprehensive characterization of this species is important for authentication and addition of data base. Characterization was conducted by analyzing the morphology and anatomy of flower. The objectives of this study were to describe and analyze the morphology and anatomy of C. racemosum flowers. The method of research was based on observation method and exploration of plant systematics evidence or taxonomy evidence, including analyses and description of morphology and anatomy of flower structure and its development. The results showed that the characteristics of flower morphology are in accordance with the existing description in literatures. Characteristics of pollinia are specific characters of morphological aspect of flower. Data of anatomy of flower and its parts development are the new ones which confirm the position of C.racemosum as a member of the tribe Marsdenieae. The data of anatomy also show new information of the ontogeny of the important parts of flower: pollinia formation, pollinia corpusculum, anther wall, anther sac, stigma, stamen, staminal tube, stigmatic chamber, and structure of ovary in Asclepiadoideae

Larvicidal Activity of A Mixture of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid and Water-Soluble Extract of Soap Nut Fruit (Sapindus rarak DC.) Against 3rd Instar Larvae of Aedes aegypti Glory Resia Raraswati; Sudarsono Sudarsono; Budi Mulyaningsih
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 3, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) which has been known as a waste of processing cashew fruits which is contain phenolic compounds have activity as larvicides. Cashew nut shell liquid is not soluble in the water where the larvae grow. Cashew nut shell liquid mixed with water-soluble extract of soapnut fruit which serves as a natural surfactant that can emulsify oil in water. The test subjects were larvae of Aedes aegypti third instar. Test subjects were divided into treatment group and control group. In the treatment group, test subjects were the mixture of CNSL and Ethylacetat Soluble Extract (ESE) in tap water. The Larvae mortality observations were done 24 hours after the treatment. LC50 and LC90 as final test data were analyzed using probit analysis. Extract constituents of CNSL and Water Soluble Extract of SoapNut fruit (WSEoSN) were investigated using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method. The effect of CNSL as larvicides against third instar larvae of Ae. aegypti with were LC50 of 14,12 ppm, while the LC90 of 24,85 ppm.

Krokot Extract (Portulaca Oleracea. L) as Natural Light-harvesting pigments for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) : Influence of Dye Acidity Cici Nurfaizah; Didik Krisdiyanto; Khamidinal Khamidinal; Sudarlin Sudarlin
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 4, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) was fabricated using natural dyes extracted from krokot (Portulaca Oleracea. L). The effect of dye acidity was investigated on natural pH extract, 5.00, 4.00 and 3.00 of pH. The efficiency and stability DSSCs as a function of the dye acidity was studied. The result of the UV-Vis shows that the absorption of wave-length from dye extract of krokot is located in the visible region with the absorbance peak in 410.5 nm and 664.5 nm which are the peak of chlorophyll. The efficiency of extract krokot dye sensitized solar cells was decreasing 6.88 x 10-3 % to 0.42 x 10-3 % when pH of the dye was adjusted from 6.27 to 3.00. DSSCs stability was also decreased look for efficiency loss from 5.27% to 97.49% in the same conditions.

Larvicidal Effect of Vinca Fruit Extract (Vinca rosea) Against Aedes aegypti Larvae and Secondary Metabolites Profile by Thin Layer Chromatography Rahmawati Ekaputri; Sudarsono Sudarsono; Budi Mulyaningsih
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 3, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Background: Vinca rosea is known contain alkaloids, it was usually used to treat various diseases. Alkaloids from Vinca leaves are also already known have larvicidal activity. Based on this toxicological activity, the fruit of Vinca rosea was selected to investigation its larvicidal activity against the 3rd instar larvae of the mosquito vector of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) Aedes aegypti. Five concentrations of Vinca fruit extract were tested against the 3rd instar Aedes aegypti larvae. The different larval mortality percentages were recorded after 24 hours. Lethal concentration (LC50 anf LC90) of Vinca fruit extract were calculated using Probit analysis. Phytochemical compounds of ethanolic extract also investigated using Thin layer Chromatography (TLC). LC50 and LC90 values of fruit extract were 2.987 mg/ml and 32.861 mg/ml. Alkaloids were detected in extract.

The Antidepressant Effects of (Arcangelisia flava (l.) Merr) Water-Soluble Extract in Balb-C Mice Reviewed from Immobility Time by Forced A, Tiara; H, Arief R; Sudarsono, Sudarsono
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 3, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

This study was conducted to examine / determine the antidepressant effects of (Arcangelisiaflava L.) onÃ‚Â immobility timeÃ‚Â of the white male mice strain Balb-c by the forced swim testÃ‚Â method.Ã‚Â The method of research using laboratory animals such as 25 micewas divided into 5 groups.Ã‚Â As a negative control group was only given distilled waterÃ‚Â ad libitum.Ã‚Â Amitryptiline was used as the positive control group; the experiment group was a water-soluble extract of A.flava by Ã‚Â multiple doses.Ã‚Â The results showed that theÃ‚Â best antidepressant effects were312 mg/kgBW ; it had a minimum ofÃ‚Â immobility timeÃ‚Â compared with the other groups.

Larvicidal Activity of The Mixture of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) and Aqueous Extract of Sapindus rarak DC Against Larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus Fauziah, Rahmi Safarina; Sudarsono, Sudarsono; Mulyaningsih, Budi
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 3, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

The aim of this study was to evaluate the larvicidal activity of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) against the Culex quinque fasciatus in larval stage. The CNSL was diluted in water by addition of aqueous extract of Sapindus rarak DC to increase its solubility. Larvae were exposed to varying concentrations of that mixture. The larvae mortality was observed after 24 h exposure. LC50 and LC90 value by extrapolation were 20,52 ppm and 55,41 ppm respectively. CNSL were specified by characterizing its physico-chemical properties andÃ‚Â anacardic acid as marker compound by High Performance Chromatography (HPLC). The results were the mixture of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) and Aquous extract of Sapindus rarak DC had larvicidal activity against Cx. Quinque-fasciatus and further investigations were needed to identify the fatty acid derivative as active compound of CNSL whichÃ‚Â responsible for larvicidal activity.

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