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Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
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Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
BIOLOGY, MEDICINE, & NATURAL PRODUCT CHEMISTRY, this journal is published to attract and disseminate innovative and expert findings in the fields of plant, animal, and microorganism secondary metabolite, and also the effect of natural product on biological system as a reference source for researchers in these fields, and with the aim to set international standards in their methodology.
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Articles 720 Documents
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Potential Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Bacterial Extracts from the Roots of Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.) Against Diarrhea-Causing Bacteria Novinda Karya Ramadhani; Monica Kharisma Swandi; Muhammad Eka Prastya; Henny Helmi
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.152.1799-1814

Abstract

Diarrhea is a disease that can be caused by bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections in the digestive tract. Generally, diarrhea can be caused by two bacteria, namely Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae. Bandotan plants (Ageratum conyzoides L.) have been used in several regions as traditional medicinal plants, one of which is for diarrhea medicine. The presence of endophytic bacteria in plants is thought to be able to be used as an alternative to explore their potential in producing bioactive compounds that have activity against bacteria that cause diarrhea. This study aims to determine the characteristics of endophytic bacterial isolates, test their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae bacteria, and determine the bioactive compounds produced by endophytic bacterial extracts of bandotan roots. The research stages began with the isolation of endophytic bacteria, bacterial characterization, antibacterial activity screening, production and extraction of secondary metabolites, preparation of test bacterial suspensions, antibacterial activity testing, MIC and MBC tests, screening of secondary metabolites of the extract, and data analysis. The results showed that there were three isolates that had potential as antibacterials with diverse characteristics and were Gram-negative. The highest antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli bacteria was shown by the AC3 extract with a diameter of 10.38 ± 0.27 mm, and against Shigella dysenteriae was shown by the AC10 extract with a diameter of 5.02 ± 1.36 mm. The MIC and MBC values of the three extracts were classified as weak at a concentration of 7.5%. Secondary metabolite compounds found in the endophytic bacterial extracts consisted of flavonoids, alkaloids, and triterpenoids.
Cover, Editorial Board, Guidance for Authors, & Table of Contents | Vol. 14 No. 2 October 2025 Muhammad Jafar Luthfi
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.%p

Abstract

Gomphrena nitida Rothr. (Amaranthaceae): Phytochemical Evaluation and Antioxidant Activities of Roots, Stem, and Leaves Ayopo Anuoluwa Sotade; Olayombo Margaret Banwo; Olapeju Oluyemisi Aiyelaagbe
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.152.1873-1882

Abstract

Gomphrena nitida Rothr. (Amaranthaceae) is traditionally used to manage oxidative stress-related ailments, infections, and inflammation. This study evaluated the phytochemical composition and antioxidant potential of root, stem, and leaf extracts obtained using hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Qualitative and quantitative analyses revealed flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, and terpenoids across all extracts, with methanol and ethyl acetate fractions showing richer profiles. The highest flavonoid (36.89 mg/g quercetin equivalent) and phenolic (18.59 mg/g gallic acid equivalent) contents were found in leaf and root extracts, respectively. Root methanol extract showed the strongest DPPH activity (IC50 = 168.12 µg/mL), comparable to ascorbic acid (IC50 = 136.97 µg/mL), while root hexane extract exhibited the highest FRAP value (582.14 mg AAE/g). The strong antioxidant potential correlates with high phenolic and flavonoid contents, supporting the traditional use of G. nitida and highlighting its promise as a source of natural antioxidants for managing oxidative stress-related conditions.
Growth and Spatial Memory Responses to Carica papaya Leaf Extract in a Diet-Induced Stunting Mouse Model Helman Kurniadi; Fitria Heldiana; Aminuddin Aminuddin
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.152.1815-1821

Abstract

Stunting is a multifactorial growth disorder that is frequently accompanied by persistent cognitive impairment, driven by nutritional deficiency, oxidative stress, and altered neurodevelopment. This study explored the phytochemical quality and biological response patterns associated with Carica papaya leaf extract using a diet-induced stunting mouse model. Papaya leaves were authenticated and extracted with 70% ethanol, followed by phytochemical profiling and quality assessment. Stunted mice were allocated to untreated, zinc-supplemented, and extract-treated groups, while a normal group served as reference. Somatic growth outcomes, including body weight and body length, were monitored alongside behavioral performance assessed through sensorimotor adaptation, spatial learning, and memory retention using the Morris water maze paradigm. Across the observation period, mice receiving C. papaya leaf extract displayed consistent catch-up growth trends relative to untreated stunted controls, with growth trajectories directionally similar to those observed in zinc-supplemented animals. In behavioral assessments, extract-treated mice showed observable trends toward improved task adaptation, progressive reductions in escape latency during spatial learning, and preserved performance during memory retention trials. These patterns appeared distinct from the negative control group and broadly aligned with the reference groups, although substantial inter-individual variability was noted. Taken together, the findings describe biologically meaningful response patterns suggesting that C. papaya leaf extract may hold potential to support somatic growth recovery and cognitive function in nutritionally compromised conditions. Given the exploratory nature of this study and the absence of inferential statistical testing, the results should be interpreted as descriptive trends that warrant further investigation using larger cohorts and confirmatory analytical designs.
Analysis of Cyanide Content and Antioxidant Activity of Teo Tuber (Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze) Starch after Soaking in NaCl Solution Pipin Tutuda; Margaretha Solang; Muhammad Isra; Syam S. Kumaji; Novri Youla Kandowangko
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.152.1883-1892

Abstract

Polynesian arrowroot (Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze) is a local food source of the Torosiaje community, rich in starch and utilized as a carbohydrate source. The processing of Polynesian arrowroot into starch generally involves soaking using NaCl solution to reduce the toxic cyanide content. Additionally, Polynesian arrowroot may contain antioxidant compounds beneficial to health. However, information regarding the analysis of soaking treatment on cyanide content and antioxidant activity remains limited. This research aims to analyze the cyanide content and antioxidant activity of Polynesian arrowroot starch through soaking in NaCl solution. The research was conducted as a laboratory experiment using a quantitative approach. Cyanide content was analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, while antioxidant activity was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The results showed that the cyanide content in the raw sample was 2.170 mg/kg, while NaCl solution soaking at 15% and 30% concentrations yielded 1.927 mg/kg, respectively. These data indicate a tendency for cyanide content to decrease after three days of NaCl solution soaking. The antioxidant activity was categorized as very strong, as demonstrated by the IC50 values for 15% and 30% NaCl solution soaking at 38.69 ± 0.00 µg/mL and 28.06 ± 0.00 µg/mL, respectively, while the raw sample obtained an IC50 value of 191.76 ± 0.00 µg/mL.
Coleus amboinicus-Enriched Plant-Based Patty from Fermented Kidney Beans and Oyster Mushroom: Nutritional Quality and Functional Potential of an Indigenous Food Innovation Holif Fitriyah; Muhammad Rizal Martua Damanik; Eny Palupi; Muhammad Faisal Pratama
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.152.1823-1832

Abstract

The growing demand for plant-based foods highlights the need for nutritionally adequate and functionally relevant meat alternatives. This study aimed to develop a plant-based patty derived from fermented kidney beans (tempeh) and oyster mushroom, enriched with torbangun leaves (Coleus amboinicus L.), an indigenous medicinal plant, and to evaluate its sensory acceptance and nutritional quality. Four formulations containing 0%, 2.0%, 2.5%, and 3.0% torbangun were produced. Sensory evaluation involving semi-trained panelists was conducted to determine the most acceptable formula. Proximate composition, dietary fiber, mineral content (iron, calcium, and magnesium), amino acid profile, and nutritional contribution based on dietary reference values were analyzed. The formulation containing 2.5% torbangun was selected as the optimal product due to superior sensory acceptance, particularly in taste. The selected patty contained 15.67% protein, 12.67% dietary fiber, 8.13% fat, and 72.86% carbohydrate (dry basis). Mineral contents were 1.24 mg iron, 46.39 mg calcium, and 24.21 mg magnesium per 100 g. Methionine was identified as the limiting amino acid. A 100 g serving provided approximately 10% of daily protein needs and nearly 20% of dietary fiber requirements, qualifying the product as a source of fiber. These findings demonstrate that torbangun-enriched patties from fermented legumes and mushrooms represent a promising indigenous plant-based meat analog with favorable sensory properties and meaningful nutritional value. The product offers functional potential as a sustainable food alternative for plant-based diets.
Metabolite Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Gelam (Melaleuca cajuputi subsp. cumingiana) Leaves Growing on Peatland Singgih Tri Wardana; Harmida Harmida; Nita Aminasih; Devi Yanti
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.152.1771-1775

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the metabolite profile and antioxidant activity of gelam (Melaleuca cajuputi subsp. cumingiana) leaf extract growing in the peatland of Sriwijaya University campus. Metabolite profile analysis used the GC-MS method. Antioxidant activity was based on the IC50 value of the DPPH assay. Twenty secondary metabolite compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis from gelam leaf extract growing in peatland and classified into 7 groups of secondary metabolite compounds, namely terpenoids, aldehydes, quinones, flavonoids, esters, phenols, and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). Metabolite-assigned compounds were dominated by beta-Caryophyllene (21.97%), 2-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (17.98%), and 14,7,-Cycloundecatriene, 1,5,9,9-tetramethyl-, Z,Z,Z (9.84%), 1,4-Naphthoquinone, 5,8-dihydroxy-2-methoxy (7.10%), and and beta-Caryophyllene Oxide (6.10%) Based on the DPPH assay, the extract of gelam leaves grown on peatlands has very strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 21.71 ppm.
Association Between Eustachian Tube Obliteration Grade and Audiologic Outcomes in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Soehartono Soehartono; Rizky Afianti; Yuyun Yueniwati P.; Edi Handoko; Nanik Setijowati
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.152.1893-1896

Abstract

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) frequently involves the fossa of Rosenmüller and surrounding structures adjacent to the pharyngeal orifice of the Eustachian tube (ET), potentially causing ET dysfunction, middle ear effusion, and conductive hearing impairment. However, the association between radiologic ET obliteration severity and audiologic outcomes remains insufficiently explored. To evaluate the association between CT-based ET obliteration grade and audiologic outcomes in patients with NPC. A cross-sectional analytic observational study was conducted involving 26 patients that histopathologically confirmed NPC. ET obliteration was assessed using contrast-enhanced head and neck computed tomography (CT). Audiologic outcomes were evaluated using pure tone audiometry, average air-bone gap (ABG), and tympanometry. Correlation analyses were performed using Spearman’s rho test. The mean age of participants was 46.46 ± 12.34 years, with male predominance (57.7%). Grade 3 ET obliteration was the most common finding (42.3%), while type B tympanogram predominated (88.5%). Significant positive correlations were identified between ET obliteration grade and degree of hearing loss (r = 0.621; p < 0.001), as well as average ABG (r = 0.411; p = 0.037). No significant association was observed between ET obliteration and tympanogram type (p > 0.515). Tumor stage demonstrated a positive correlation with ET obliteration grade (r = 0.485; p = 0.012). Tumor volume was significantly associated with ET obliteration grade (r = 0.474; p = 0.014) and hearing loss severity (r = 0.537; p = 0.005). Greater ET obliteration severity on CT imaging was associated with worse audiologic outcomes in NPC patients. Radiologic assessment of ET obliteration may serve as a useful indicator of middle ear dysfunction and hearing impairment in NPC.
Integrated In Vivo and In Silico Evaluation of Centella asiatica Transfersomes and Rosmarinus officinalis Nanoemulsions on VEGF Expression During Caesarean Wound Healing in Rats Amena Aldubai; Ramzy Alothmany; Husnul Khotimah; Sutrisno Sutrisno; Wibi Riawan
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.152.1833-1843

Abstract

Caesarean section wound healing requires coordinated angiogenesis, tissue regeneration, and extracellular matrix remodeling. This study evaluated the effects of a combination of Centella asiatica transfersomes and Rosmarinus officinalis nanoemulsions on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression during Caesarean wound healing using integrated in vivo and in silico approaches. Archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) wound tissue samples from a previous study involving 25 female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) allocated into five experimental groups were analyzed for VEGF expression using immunohistochemistry on day 14. Molecular docking against VEGFR2 was performed using YASARA Structure, and ADMET properties were predicted using pkCSM.The treatment groups showed improved wound healing and modulation of VEGF expression compared with the controls, with T3 producing the most favorable response. Molecular docking demonstrated that C. asiatica phytochemicals generally exhibited stronger binding affinities toward VEGFR2 than R. officinalis compounds. Kaempferol showed the highest binding affinity (9.7960 kcal/mol), while Asiaticoside formed stable interactions with key VEGFR2 residues. ADMET analysis indicated favorable pharmacokinetic and safety profiles for most compounds.These findings suggest that C. asiatica transfersomes combined with R. officinalis nanoemulsions may accelerate Caesarean wound healing by enhancing VEGF-associated angiogenesis and improving local delivery of bioactive phytochemicals.
Comparison of the Antibacterial Activity of Jeruk Sambal (Citrus microcarpa Bunge) Peel Extract Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria Syarifah Nurul Yanti Rizki Syahab Asseggaf; Mistika Zakiah; Ari Widiyantoro; Mahyarudin Mahyarudin; Chika Dila Ananda; Anggi Sagita Siti Qomariah; Patricia Evelyn Lino Boli; Mirandha Aussiemegan Jusaim
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.152.1777-1783

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance has increased the need to explore plant-based sources of antibacterial agents. This study evaluated the phytochemical constituents and compared the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of jeruk sambal (Citrus microcarpa Bunge) peels against gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). A laboratory experimental study was performed using a completely randomized design with a post-test-only control group. Phytochemical compounds were identified through qualitative screening, while antibacterial activity was measured using the disc diffusion method. The extract contained phenolics (+++), flavonoids (+++), alkaloids (++), saponins (+), and tannins (+). Inhibition of gram negative bacteria was observed at 60% and 80%, with inhibition zones of 7.80 and 7.83 mm, respectively. For gram positive bacteria, inhibition occurred at 40%, 60%, and 80%, measuring 6.93, 8.88, and 10.25 mm, respectively. The extract showed moderate antibacterial activity, with stronger inhibition against gram positive bacteria 60% concentration demonstrated the most effective activity against both bacteria.

Page 72 of 72 | Total Record : 720

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