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Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
BIOLOGY, MEDICINE, & NATURAL PRODUCT CHEMISTRY, this journal is published to attract and disseminate innovative and expert findings in the fields of plant, animal, and microorganism secondary metabolite, and also the effect of natural product on biological system as a reference source for researchers in these fields, and with the aim to set international standards in their methodology.
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Articles 13 Documents
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Search results for , issue "vol 15, no 2 (2026)" : 13 Documents clear
Proximate Analysis and Organoleptic Evaluation of Bagea Cookies Substituted with Teo Tuber Starch (Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze) Nur Rahmatiya H Suudi; Margaretha Solang; Syam S. Kumaji; Muhammad Isra; Novri Youla Kandowangko
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.152.1897-1906

Abstract

Teo tuber starch (Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze) has potential as a substitute for sago flour in the production of bagea cookies. This study aimed to analyze the proximate composition and evaluate the organoleptic acceptance of bagea cookies substituted with teo tuber starch. The study used an experimental method with a quantitative descriptive approach involving five treatments of teo tuber starch substitution in the production of bagea cookies. The observed parameters included proximate analysis (carbohydrates, protein, fat, crude fiber, moisture, and ash contents) and organoleptic evaluation (color, taste, aroma, and texture) using 35 panelists. Proximate data were analyzed descriptively, while organoleptic data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The best treatment was determined using the De Garmo effectiveness index. The results showed carbohydrate content ranging from 76.83–82.53%, protein content from 1.98–3.32%, fat content from 4.78–8.92%, crude fiber content from 2.24–4.06%, moisture content from 4.41–7.62%, and ash content from 0.95–3.99%. The De Garmo effectiveness index values for the proximate analysis of F1–F5 were 0.4066, 0.8677, 0.5710, 0.2824, and 0.5739, respectively, with F2 identified as the best treatment. The organoleptic test showed that substitution did not result in significant differences (p>0.05) in color, taste, aroma, or texture. Bagea cookies substituted with teo tuber starch were accepted by the panelists at a moderately preferred level. Based on these results, the De Garmo effectiveness index values for the organoleptic evaluation of F1–F5 were 1.000, 0.552, 0.320, 0.280, and 0.040, respectively, with F1 identified as the best treatment.
The Effect of the Combination of 2,4-D and BAP Concentrations on Callus Induction of Rice (Oryza sativa L. var. siam epang) from East Kotawaringin Regency Glentino Puraya; Ria Windi Lestari; Siti Sunariyati; Nanang Wahyu Prajaka; Rahayu Opi Anggoro
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.152.1845-1861

Abstract

In 2023, rice production for population consumption in Central Kalimantan decreased by 7.80 thousand tons (3.82%), due to a 13.14 thousand-ton decrease in dry milled grain (GKG). This is due to environmental stress and resistance to diseases and pests, which affect rice quality and productivity. Rice (O. sativa L. var. siam epang) is a rice that has advantages such as resistance to acidic soil pH, high rainfall, resistance to pests, and diseases. The success and occurrence of callus regeneration in vitro are generally influenced by PGR with appropriate concentrations. This study aimed to determine the most appropriate concentrations of PGRs 2,4-D and BAP to induce callus in Siam Epang rice. This study is an experimental factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two treatment factors, namely 2,4-D and BAP, at concentrations of 1 ppm, 2 ppm, and 3 ppm, respectively. Data analysis was conducted on qualitative and quantitative data, including research parameters such as callus formation time, callus weight, callus color, callus texture, and the percentage of explants forming callus. The results showed that the combination of 2,4-D and BAP PGR concentrations affected the growth of Siam Epang rice seed scutellum explants. The addition of 1 ppm 2,4-D and 0 ppm BAP PGR resulted in the fastest callus formation time, namely 3 days. Meanwhile, the addition of 3 ppm 2,4-D and 1 ppm BAP PGR resulted in the highest percentage of explants forming callus (100%) across all treatments. 1 ppm 2,4-D and 0 ppm BAP produced a fresh weight of 0.15 g, a dry weight of 0.03 g, and a callus weight of 0.09 g, the highest among all treatments. The callus formed was ivory white, yellowish white (cream), light yellow, and blackish brown with a compact texture. Thus, the combination of PGR concentrations that produced the highest percentage of callus formation in Siam Epang rice callus was 3 ppm 2,4-D and 1 ppm BAP, with 100% of explants forming callus. Further research is needed to evaluate the effects of various combinations of 2,4-D and BAP concentrations on Siam Epang rice callogenesis.
The effectiveness of Saluang Belum (Luvunga sarmentosa) n-hexane Fractination Compounds in Enhancing Male Fertility via ESR1 and PI3K/Akt Pathway Modulation Viviliani Anandita Dewani; Septi Handayani; Silvani Permatasari
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.152.1785-1798

Abstract

Infertility has becomes a significant global health issue, including in Indonesia, where 40% of cases are attributed to male factors. An increasing number of studies report the effectiveness of compounds from Saluang Belum (Luvunga sarmentosa/L. sarmentosa) in improving spermatozoa survival. However, the therapeutic effect and mechanisms of action of this compound on male reproduction are not yet been verified. Therefore, this study aimed to identify potential protein targets and to validate ligand-protein interactions through molecular docking, in order to determine the therapeutic effects and mecanisms of L. sarmentosa compounds in pathways related to male infertility. The methodology of this study was an in silico design, in which potential target proteins were identified from the overlapping of 10 L. sarmentosa compounds with male infertility-related protein using network pharmacology. Subsequently, the ligand-protein interaction were validated through molecular docking simulations, and the pharmacokinetic properties (ADMET) of the compounds were analyzed. The network pharmacology analysis reveals that vital proteins associated with pathogenetic pathway of male infertility can be modulated by L. sarmentosa such as ESR1 and PIK3CA. Docking simulation identifies two promising compounds, ostruthin and 6-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocin-1-one, with more negative binding affinity scores (-8.50 and -7.70 kcal/mol). These compounds form stable conventional hydrogen bonds with the shortest interaction distance and predicted to have favorable ADMET properties. In conclusion, both compounds are potentially exhibit anti-infertility activity against male infertility in silico and were predicted to exhibit favorable pharmacokinetic profiles.
Nutritional, Phytochemical and Biological Profile of Pavetta corymbosa (Rubiaceae) Samuel Akinniyi Odewo; Olayombo Margaret Banwo
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.152.1863-1872

Abstract

P. corymbosa is traditionally known for its effectiveness in combating microbes, healing wounds, reducing fever, and treating respiratory disorders. This study investigated the bioactive constituents of P. corymbosa leaf hexane-acetone (PLHA) extract and assessed its nutritional and biological potentials. Proximate compositions were determined using standard methods. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed to identify and characterise the bioactive compounds present. FRAP and DPPH radical scavenging assays were employed for antioxidant activity. Brine shrimps lethality test using Artemia salina was utilised for cytotoxicity determination. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using agar well diffusion and broth micro-dilution techniques. Proximate analysis revealed that PLHA extract contains moisture, crude protein, crude fibre, fat, carbohydrate, and ash contents of 7.98±0.17, 13.13±0.05, 19.28±0.37, 2.46±0.06, 45.96±0.22, and 11.12±0.14%, respectively. The major constituents were Ethanone, 1-cyclopentyl- (28.23%); Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester (21.08%); and n-Hexadecanoic acid (10.43%). PLHA extract (194.7346±0.575 µg/mL) had potent antioxidant activity comparable with ascorbic acid (137.6409±0.378 µg/mL). PLHA extract was active against S. aureus, K. pneumonia, C. albicans and A. salina. This study suggests that P. corymbosa is rich in bioactive compounds with nutritional benefits, and revealed promising antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity potentials which can be leveraged for health-promoting applications.
Potential Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Bacterial Extracts from the Roots of Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.) Against Diarrhea-Causing Bacteria Novinda Karya Ramadhani; Monica Kharisma Swandi; Muhammad Eka Prastya; Henny Helmi
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.152.1799-1814

Abstract

Diarrhea is a disease that can be caused by bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections in the digestive tract. Generally, diarrhea can be caused by two bacteria, namely Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae. Bandotan plants (Ageratum conyzoides L.) have been used in several regions as traditional medicinal plants, one of which is for diarrhea medicine. The presence of endophytic bacteria in plants is thought to be able to be used as an alternative to explore their potential in producing bioactive compounds that have activity against bacteria that cause diarrhea. This study aims to determine the characteristics of endophytic bacterial isolates, test their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae bacteria, and determine the bioactive compounds produced by endophytic bacterial extracts of bandotan roots. The research stages began with the isolation of endophytic bacteria, bacterial characterization, antibacterial activity screening, production and extraction of secondary metabolites, preparation of test bacterial suspensions, antibacterial activity testing, MIC and MBC tests, screening of secondary metabolites of the extract, and data analysis. The results showed that there were three isolates that had potential as antibacterials with diverse characteristics and were Gram-negative. The highest antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli bacteria was shown by the AC3 extract with a diameter of 10.38 ± 0.27 mm, and against Shigella dysenteriae was shown by the AC10 extract with a diameter of 5.02 ± 1.36 mm. The MIC and MBC values of the three extracts were classified as weak at a concentration of 7.5%. Secondary metabolite compounds found in the endophytic bacterial extracts consisted of flavonoids, alkaloids, and triterpenoids.
Gomphrena nitida Rothr. (Amaranthaceae): Phytochemical Evaluation and Antioxidant Activities of Roots, Stem, and Leaves Ayopo Anuoluwa Sotade; Olayombo Margaret Banwo; Olapeju Oluyemisi Aiyelaagbe
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.152.1873-1882

Abstract

Gomphrena nitida Rothr. (Amaranthaceae) is traditionally used to manage oxidative stress-related ailments, infections, and inflammation. This study evaluated the phytochemical composition and antioxidant potential of root, stem, and leaf extracts obtained using hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Qualitative and quantitative analyses revealed flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, and terpenoids across all extracts, with methanol and ethyl acetate fractions showing richer profiles. The highest flavonoid (36.89 mg/g quercetin equivalent) and phenolic (18.59 mg/g gallic acid equivalent) contents were found in leaf and root extracts, respectively. Root methanol extract showed the strongest DPPH activity (IC50 = 168.12 µg/mL), comparable to ascorbic acid (IC50 = 136.97 µg/mL), while root hexane extract exhibited the highest FRAP value (582.14 mg AAE/g). The strong antioxidant potential correlates with high phenolic and flavonoid contents, supporting the traditional use of G. nitida and highlighting its promise as a source of natural antioxidants for managing oxidative stress-related conditions.
Growth and Spatial Memory Responses to Carica papaya Leaf Extract in a Diet-Induced Stunting Mouse Model Helman Kurniadi; Fitria Heldiana; Aminuddin Aminuddin
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.152.1815-1821

Abstract

Stunting is a multifactorial growth disorder that is frequently accompanied by persistent cognitive impairment, driven by nutritional deficiency, oxidative stress, and altered neurodevelopment. This study explored the phytochemical quality and biological response patterns associated with Carica papaya leaf extract using a diet-induced stunting mouse model. Papaya leaves were authenticated and extracted with 70% ethanol, followed by phytochemical profiling and quality assessment. Stunted mice were allocated to untreated, zinc-supplemented, and extract-treated groups, while a normal group served as reference. Somatic growth outcomes, including body weight and body length, were monitored alongside behavioral performance assessed through sensorimotor adaptation, spatial learning, and memory retention using the Morris water maze paradigm. Across the observation period, mice receiving C. papaya leaf extract displayed consistent catch-up growth trends relative to untreated stunted controls, with growth trajectories directionally similar to those observed in zinc-supplemented animals. In behavioral assessments, extract-treated mice showed observable trends toward improved task adaptation, progressive reductions in escape latency during spatial learning, and preserved performance during memory retention trials. These patterns appeared distinct from the negative control group and broadly aligned with the reference groups, although substantial inter-individual variability was noted. Taken together, the findings describe biologically meaningful response patterns suggesting that C. papaya leaf extract may hold potential to support somatic growth recovery and cognitive function in nutritionally compromised conditions. Given the exploratory nature of this study and the absence of inferential statistical testing, the results should be interpreted as descriptive trends that warrant further investigation using larger cohorts and confirmatory analytical designs.
Analysis of Cyanide Content and Antioxidant Activity of Teo Tuber (Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze) Starch after Soaking in NaCl Solution Pipin Tutuda; Margaretha Solang; Muhammad Isra; Syam S. Kumaji; Novri Youla Kandowangko
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.152.1883-1892

Abstract

Polynesian arrowroot (Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze) is a local food source of the Torosiaje community, rich in starch and utilized as a carbohydrate source. The processing of Polynesian arrowroot into starch generally involves soaking using NaCl solution to reduce the toxic cyanide content. Additionally, Polynesian arrowroot may contain antioxidant compounds beneficial to health. However, information regarding the analysis of soaking treatment on cyanide content and antioxidant activity remains limited. This research aims to analyze the cyanide content and antioxidant activity of Polynesian arrowroot starch through soaking in NaCl solution. The research was conducted as a laboratory experiment using a quantitative approach. Cyanide content was analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, while antioxidant activity was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The results showed that the cyanide content in the raw sample was 2.170 mg/kg, while NaCl solution soaking at 15% and 30% concentrations yielded 1.927 mg/kg, respectively. These data indicate a tendency for cyanide content to decrease after three days of NaCl solution soaking. The antioxidant activity was categorized as very strong, as demonstrated by the IC50 values for 15% and 30% NaCl solution soaking at 38.69 ± 0.00 µg/mL and 28.06 ± 0.00 µg/mL, respectively, while the raw sample obtained an IC50 value of 191.76 ± 0.00 µg/mL.
Coleus amboinicus-Enriched Plant-Based Patty from Fermented Kidney Beans and Oyster Mushroom: Nutritional Quality and Functional Potential of an Indigenous Food Innovation Holif Fitriyah; Muhammad Rizal Martua Damanik; Eny Palupi; Muhammad Faisal Pratama
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.152.1823-1832

Abstract

The growing demand for plant-based foods highlights the need for nutritionally adequate and functionally relevant meat alternatives. This study aimed to develop a plant-based patty derived from fermented kidney beans (tempeh) and oyster mushroom, enriched with torbangun leaves (Coleus amboinicus L.), an indigenous medicinal plant, and to evaluate its sensory acceptance and nutritional quality. Four formulations containing 0%, 2.0%, 2.5%, and 3.0% torbangun were produced. Sensory evaluation involving semi-trained panelists was conducted to determine the most acceptable formula. Proximate composition, dietary fiber, mineral content (iron, calcium, and magnesium), amino acid profile, and nutritional contribution based on dietary reference values were analyzed. The formulation containing 2.5% torbangun was selected as the optimal product due to superior sensory acceptance, particularly in taste. The selected patty contained 15.67% protein, 12.67% dietary fiber, 8.13% fat, and 72.86% carbohydrate (dry basis). Mineral contents were 1.24 mg iron, 46.39 mg calcium, and 24.21 mg magnesium per 100 g. Methionine was identified as the limiting amino acid. A 100 g serving provided approximately 10% of daily protein needs and nearly 20% of dietary fiber requirements, qualifying the product as a source of fiber. These findings demonstrate that torbangun-enriched patties from fermented legumes and mushrooms represent a promising indigenous plant-based meat analog with favorable sensory properties and meaningful nutritional value. The product offers functional potential as a sustainable food alternative for plant-based diets.
Metabolite Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Gelam (Melaleuca cajuputi subsp. cumingiana) Leaves Growing on Peatland Singgih Tri Wardana; Harmida Harmida; Nita Aminasih; Devi Yanti
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.152.1771-1775

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the metabolite profile and antioxidant activity of gelam (Melaleuca cajuputi subsp. cumingiana) leaf extract growing in the peatland of Sriwijaya University campus. Metabolite profile analysis used the GC-MS method. Antioxidant activity was based on the IC50 value of the DPPH assay. Twenty secondary metabolite compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis from gelam leaf extract growing in peatland and classified into 7 groups of secondary metabolite compounds, namely terpenoids, aldehydes, quinones, flavonoids, esters, phenols, and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). Metabolite-assigned compounds were dominated by beta-Caryophyllene (21.97%), 2-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (17.98%), and 14,7,-Cycloundecatriene, 1,5,9,9-tetramethyl-, Z,Z,Z (9.84%), 1,4-Naphthoquinone, 5,8-dihydroxy-2-methoxy (7.10%), and and beta-Caryophyllene Oxide (6.10%) Based on the DPPH assay, the extract of gelam leaves grown on peatlands has very strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 21.71 ppm.

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