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INDONESIA
JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN (Journal of Environmental Health)
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : 18297285     EISSN : 2540881X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan with registered number ISSN 1829-7285 (printed) and ISSN 2540-881x (online) is a scientific open access journal published by Environmental Health Department of Public Health Faculty, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia. Our journal aims to become a media of research results dissemination and exchange of scientific work of various groups, academics, practitioners and government agencies. Since 2018, this journal in one year will be published four times in January, April, July, and October.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 361 Documents
Utilization of Lignocellulosic Waste as a Source of Liquid Smoke: A Literature Review, Lampung, Indonesia Santiyo Wibowo; Wasrin Syafii; Gustan Pari; Elis Nina Herliyana
JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN Vol. 15 No. 3 (2023): JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v15i3.2023.196-216

Abstract

Introduction: Lignocellulosic biomass waste will become a problem for environmental health if not managed correctly. Biomass waste decomposition can produce methane gas which impacts climate change; it can also be a source of breeding pests and diseases. Various efforts have been made to utilize the waste so that it has an added economic value and is environmentally friendly. One of the waste utilization techniques is the carbonization of lignocellulosic biomass into charcoal and liquid smoke. Discussion: A literature review used the articles from Science Direct, Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Research Gate databases over ten years. This literature review paper aims to provide information on producing and utilizing liquid smoke and concludes with some suggestions on production and application. The literature review results show evidence that liquid smoke has been used since the time of the Neanderthals. Then, since the early nineteen century, liquid smoke has been applied in agriculture as plant growth, soil treatment, pesticide, antimicrobial, rubber coagulant/deodorizer, and antioxidant. Conclusion: A significant contribution of liquid smoke utilization is all lignocellulosic biomass waste that can be carbonized into charcoal and liquid smoke so that it can reduce waste problems. Therefore, liquid smoke can reduce the use of pesticides, herbicides, and insect repellents made from synthetic chemicals that can poison the environment. Not much research has been produced and utilized liquid smoke in the pyrolysis temperature stratification technique. So, there are still quite a lot of research opportunities for the diversification of liquid smoke production.
Spatial Analysis of Environmental Factors Related to Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Cases in Banyuwangi Regency, 2020-2022 Yusva Dwi Saputra; Ririh Yudhastuti
JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN Vol. 15 No. 3 (2023): JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v15i3.2023.217-225

Abstract

Introduction: Based on the Banyuwangi Regency Health Office, the DHF incidence rate in Banyuwangi Regency in 2022 has experienced a significant increase of 30.14 per 100,000 inhabitants, previously 5.70. DHF can be affected by environmental factors such as mosquito larvae, rainfall, and house conditions. DHF control efforts can be carried out by mapping dengue vulnerability to formulate an appropriate policy. Conversely, the spatial analysis of DHF cases in Banyuwangi is rarely found. This study aims to analyze spatial factors at DHF IR and the relationship between an environmental factor and DHF IR in Banyuwangi Regency. Methods: This study used an ecological study approach. The data used was secondary data from 2020–2022. Data were obtained from Banyuwangi Regency Health Office and Banyuwangi Regency Central Statistic Agency. Moran's I and LISA determined the spatial autocorrelation. Spatial regression was also used in this study. Results and Discussion: DHF IR Banyuwangi Regency had spatial autocorrelation (p-value=0.0010) with clustered patterns (I=0.4789). The pattern of clustering dengue cases in an area could occur because of a relationship with previous dengue cases. Spatial autocorrelation was not found between DHF IR with LFI (p-value=0.4560), rainfall (p-value=0.0610), CBTS villages (p-value=0.1870), and healthy houses (p=value=0.3680). The independent variable in this study did not have a significant relationship with DHF IR. Conclusion: The average DHF IR in Banyuwangi Regency in 2020–2022 had a grouping pattern related to district proximity. LFI, rainfall, CBTS villages, and healthy houses had no significant relationship with DHF IR.
Correlation Between Climate Variations and Rotavirus Diarrhea in Under-Five Children in Sidoarjo District Year 2016 – 2019 Selena Vita Amanda; Laura Navika Yamani; Zayyin Dinana; Aussie Tahta Maharani; Erni Astutik; Noerfitri Noerfitri
JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN Vol. 15 No. 3 (2023): JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v15i3.2023.174-182

Abstract

Introduction: Rotavirus infection is one of the main causes of severe diarrhea and dehydration in toddlers. Climate variation is one of the factors that influence the outbreak of infectious diseases. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between climate variations and the incidence of rotavirus diarrhea among patients at the Soerya Mother and Child Hospital, Sidoarjo District in 2016 – 2019. Methods: This study used an ecological study with the Pearson correlation test. Rotavirus infection data was taken from the Viral Diarrhea Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Diseases, Universitas Airlangga, which was derived from fecal samples of patients with acute gastroenteritis with the unit of analysis at the individual level living in Sidoarjo district. Meanwhile, climate variation data were obtained from the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency Indonesia official website with units of analysis at the population level. Results and Discussion: The number of rotavirus diarrhea for 48 months as many as 149 cases with an average air temperature of 28.2℃, rainfall of 191.4 mm², humidity of 77.31%, and wind speed of 2.82 knots. There was a weak correlation between rainfall and the incidence of rotavirus diarrhea (p=0.01 r=0.367) and a weak correlation with humidity (p=0.016; r=0.347). Meanwhile, the air temperature (p=0.909 r=0.017) and wind speed (p=0.272 r=-0.162) had no relationship with the incidence. Conclusion: Rainfall and high humidity are factors associated with the prevalence of rotavirus diarrhea in children under-five years in the Sidoarjo District.
The Efficiency of Ascaris Spp. Eggs Inactivation in Sewage Sludge by Lime Dosage, Ammonia Concentration, and Temperature Variation Husna Muizzati Shabrina; Barti Setiani Muntalif; Mayrina Firdayati
JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN Vol. 15 No. 4 (2023): JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v15i4.2023.267-274

Abstract

Introduction: Ascaris spp. eggs threaten sludge reuse because they are usually more environmentally resistant than other microorganisms. Consequently, the WHO recommended an acceptable limit of <1 helminth egg per gram of total solid as a health-based target for treated feces and fecal sludge and aimed to ascertain the effectiveness and reduction rate of Ascaris spp. eggs in sludge at various lime doses, ammonia concentrations, and temperature values. Methods: Eggs were detected and enumerated using the flotation and sedimentation principle. The reduction process was performed in batches with quick lime doses of 30% and 50% w/w, ammonia concentrations of 1,000 and 5,000 mg/L, and temperatures of 30°C and 50°C. Results and Discussion: The number of eggs of Ascaris spp. fertile in the ponds was 1.38 ± 1.38 eggs/gram to 42.98 ± 13.09 eggs/gram, and the infertile amount was 0.46 ± 0.80 eggs/gram to 17.82 ± 6.55 eggs/gram. Using a temperature of 40°C, 50% CaO, and 5,000 ppm ammonia resulted in the highest percentage of reduction, 97.98 - 98.09% but 1.12 eggs/gram was remaining. Conclusion: Higher pH and ammonia levels primarily affect egg decrease in Ascaris spp. To reduce 99% of Ascaris spp. eggs until it reaches <1 egg/g, a dose of 50% CaO is required, with 5,000 ppm ammonia at a temperature of 40°C for 2.7 hours.
Literature Review: Impact of Organophosphate Pesticide Exposure on Cholinesterase Enzyme Activity and Associated Risk Factors for Poisoning, 2017-2020 Rania Ichwana Wicaksono; Eka Saul Manuel; Aditya Sukma Pawitra; Khuliyah Candraning Diyanah; Soedjajadi Keman; R. Azizah; Ririh Yudhastuti
JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN Vol. 15 No. 4 (2023): JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v15i4.2023.247-256

Abstract

Introduction: Organophosphate pesticides, which are used to control pests of crops, affect the nervous system by inhibiting the activity of cholinesterase enzymes in the body. This can be achieved by inhaling, eating, or applying it to the skin. This study research aims to determine the level of pesticide exposure that can inhibit the activity of the Cholinesterase enzyme in the blood. This study employed a systematic literature review with library sources used through Google Scholar and Science Direct, resulting in 16 research articles discussing cholinesterase enzyme activity due to exposure to organophosphates discussed in 2017-2020. Discussion: The results of a previous study found that exposure to organophosphates significantly reduced cholinesterase enzyme activity by 50-80%. Testing for cholinesterase as a biomarker of exposure to Organophospate (OP) through acetylcholinesterase activity in red blood cells (AChE). This study explored the relationship between gender, age, knowledge of farmers, personal protective equipment, farmers' smoking behavior, and duration of spraying. Conclusion: Poisoning alters the activity of cholinesterase enzymes in the blood of farmers, resulting in acute and chronic health problems. Several factors have been found to correlate with organophosphate poisoning, including age, level of knowledge among farmers, use of personal protective equipment, smoking behavior, and duration of spraying activities.
Microplastic Pollution in Green Shells in Aquatic Ecosystems: A Literature Review of Determinant Factors and Management Globila Nurika; Hilda Nur Abidah; Edza Aria Wikurendra; Farida Wahyu Ningtyias
JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN Vol. 15 No. 4 (2023): JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v15i4.2023.257-266

Abstract

Introduction: Water territories produce a large number of biota worldwide. The imbalance in conserving aquatic ecosystems, along with the increasing disposal of waste into the environment, has resulted in the risk of contamination of the environment and the resulting biota. The dangers of waste disposal into water can destroy the ecosystem and affect the usability of water for the environment and human beings. Discussion: The PRISMA method was used in this literature review, which examined 35 articles: 23 articles from ScienceDirect, 10 articles from Proquest, and 2 articles from PubMed. Data were analyzed by synthesizing the research variables compared with theory and then presented in the form of tables and figures. The results of this study are presented with a complete narrative description of three sub-discussions, which consisted of the characteristics of microplastics in green mussels (color, shape, size, and abundance). The color was acquired in the dark, with the predominant form of fibers <1 mm in size, which determined the amount of microplastics in green mussels induced by both human and industrial activities, as well as countermeasures through filtration of industrial effluents, the utilization of organic plastics, and policy enforcement. Conclusion: Microplastics found in green mussels in Asian waters vary in their characteristics, with the main determinants of human and industrial activities as well as multi-sectoral countermeasures.
Analysis of Milking Hygiene and Its Association to Staphylococcus Aureus Contamination in Fresh Cow Milk Nurus Saffana Yulianto; Yunita Armiyanti; Dini Agustina; Bagus Hermansyah; Wiwien Sugih Utami
JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN Vol. 15 No. 4 (2023): JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v15i4.2023.275-282

Abstract

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus foodborne disease is caused by the consumption of food contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins. Milk is a type of food that contains many nutrients but is susceptible to contamination by Staphylococcus aureus. Jember is one of the districts in East Java that produces cow milk. Previous research showed that the level of milk consumption in the community in 2018 was 3.1 kg/capita/year and 42% consumed pasteurized milk, which has lower quality and may still be contaminated with bacteria. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between milking hygiene and Staphylococcus aureus contamination. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 36 cow milkers with traditional milking, selected by total sampling. The independent variable was milking hygiene and the dependent variable was Staphylococcus aureus contamination. Milking hygiene practice data were collected through direct observation using a questionnaire. Staphylococcus aureus contamination data were tested using Total Plate Count (TPC) and identified using Gram staining and catalase tests. Results and Discussion: The TPC test results showed that 61.1% of cow's milk fulfilled the Indonesian National Standard for Staphylococcus aureus contamination. There was a relationship between milking hygiene and Staphylococcus aureus contamination. The most influential milking hygiene was cage, udder, and teat hygiene. Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus contamination did not meet the standards. Therefore, improving the sanitation and hygiene of cages, as well as udder and teat hygiene by dairy farmers, is necessary.
The Readiness of Wonosobo and Banjarnegara Towards Open Defecation Free Regencies Sutopo Patria Jati; Nurhasmadiar Nandini; Nikie Astorina Yunita Dewanti; Nissa Kusariana; Bimastyaji Surya Ramadan; Budiyono Budiyono; Pangi Pangi; Vanessa Rizky Aditya
JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN Vol. 15 No. 4 (2023): JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v15i4.2023.283-290

Abstract

Introduction: Open defecation is defined as the practice of defecating in fields, forests, bushes, rivers, beaches, or other open areas, causing soil, water, and air contamination. This can cause environmental pollution and diseases (diarrhea and pneumonia, etc.). Banjarnegara and Wonosobo are the two districts with the lowest percentages of Open Defecation Free (ODF) in Central Java. This study aimed to determine the readiness of Banjarnegara and Wonosobo to become ODF regencies. Methods: This descriptive study used a qualitative approach. Data collection was conducted through Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with policy actors responsible for accelerating ODF in Wonosobo and Banjarnegara. Results and Discussion: This study found that Wonosobo and Banjarnegara were constrained by five issues: policies/regulations and strategies, institutional arrangements, financing, planning and monitoring, and capacity building. A situation analysis involving the Working Group on Housing and Settlement Areas (Pokja PKP) for Wonosobo and Banjarnegara found the ODF's main obstacles, namely coordination and commitment (supply), and community behavior (demand). Conlusion: The readiness of Wonosobo and Banjarnegara as ODF regencies needs to be reviewed, especially the commitment of regional leaders to institution-strengthening policies and public education.
Analysis of Malaria Transmission Dynamics at Borobudur Health Center, Magelang Regency (Case Study 2021-2022) Naila Afnaniya; Aris Santjaka; Bahri Bahri
JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN Vol. 15 No. 4 (2023): JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v15i4.2023.300-308

Abstract

Introduction: Magelang District received a malaria elimination certificate in 2014. No cases found at Borobudur Health Center since 2009 but in October 2021, there was a spike in the number of patients, with 38 instances spread across Giripurno Village, Giritengah Village, and Majaksingi Village. Therefore, it is necessary to study the dynamics of malaria transmission so that the methods of malaria transmission are known to prevent extraordinary malaria cases. Methods: This is qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. This study was conducted in 2023 by reviewing cases from 2021–2022. The respondents in this study included 38 people with malaria. This research uses descriptive analysis assisted by GIS applications to determine the distribution of malaria cases. Results and Discussion: Data processing results for 38 respondents in three villages revealed 23 index cases. Of the 23 cases, nine were within a radius of no more than 400 m and occurred within three days, thus including cluster classification. Theoretically, the same vector transmits it and has a high vectorial capacity. The other 15 patients were suspected to have secondary cases, with two transferred from the first case. The results of the breeding place survey or the potential breeding place after rearing revealed the species Anopheles balabacensis. Other predictors of malaria transmission are optimal temperature and humidity, environment, livestock places to rest mosquitoes, and patient behavior that causes a high frequency of mosquitoes biting humans. Conclusion: In this case, the transmission model was a cluster, and 100% of the cases were indigenous.
The Key Associated Factor of the Emergence of the Dengue Vector in Peri-Urban and Rural Settlements Ayu Dewi Wiyata; Wahyu Handoyo; Sayono Sayono
JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN Vol. 15 No. 4 (2023): JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v15i4.2023.291-299

Abstract

Introduction: The population density of Aedes mosquitoes is a risk factor for dengue in endemic areas. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the risk factors for mosquito vector emergence in settlements. This study aimed to determine the key factors associated with the occurrence and population density of dengue vectors in peri-urban and rural settlements. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two dengue-endemic villages, Bergas-Kidul and Gebugan, representing peri-urban and rural settlements, respectively. A cluster-based larval survey was conducted in the dengue-case house and in 18–20 houses around a radius of 100 m. All water containers and their characteristics and mosquito larvae emergence were recorded in each house to calculate Aedes indices. The geographic coordinates, altitude, air temperature, and humidity were mapped and analyzed using GIS and SPSS software. Results and Discussion: Dengue vectors were found in peri-urban and rural with HI, CI, BI, and DF indices of 29.3%, 32.2%, 35.4, 6.0; then 12.2%, 14.3%, 14.6, and 3.0, respectively. In peri-urban areas, larval occurrence was associated with air temperature, air humidity, container type, and open microhabitat, whereas in rural areas, it was associated with only open microhabitat. Conclusion: The Aedes indices represent a high density of mosquito populations, and the existence of open microhabitats is the key factor for larval occurrence in both peri-urban and rural settlements. Community participation in vector control needs to be increased in addition to studying the resistance of Aedes mosquitoes to a number of insecticide groups.

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