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Elkawnie
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh
ISSN : 24608912     EISSN : 24608920     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Engineering
Elkawnie is a journal of Integration Science and Technology with Islam. It's covering research and technology in the field of study of Architecture, Biology, Chemistry, Environmental Engineering, ICT, Physical Engineering and other science and technology field. In particular, Elkawnie's journal discusses the development of research and technology in contributing to development as part of Muslim scientists in the academic sphere.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik (Lain-Lain)
Articles 460 Documents
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Effect of Electrode Distance, Stirring Speed and Contact Time on Removal of Polyethylene Microplastics (Microbeads) Using Electrocoagulation Method Fadhila Fadhila; Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini; Amir Husin; Ferdy Ashari Syawal
Elkawnie Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v10i1.22195

Abstract

Abstract: Daily use of personal care products containing microbeads causes severe problems for the aquatic environment. Greywater is a pathway for microbeads to enter domestic waste and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) from personal care products. Their tiny size and hydrophobic nature allow microbeads to escape from WWTPs and end up in surface water. Therefore, processing efforts are needed to remove microbeads, one of which is using the electrocoagulation method with aluminum (Al) electrodes. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the electrocoagulation process using Al electrodes arranged in a monopolar configuration in a batch reactor to see the effect of variations in distance between electrodes of 1, 2.5, and 3.5 cm, stirring speed of 150, 200, and 250 rpm; with the contact time 60, 120, and 180 minutes in removing microbeads from artificial wastewater. This research shows that the best efficiency value of 99.30% occurs in operating conditions with a distance between electrodes of 2.5 cm, a stirring speed of 150 rpm, and a contact time of 180 minutes. ANOVA results showed that distance between electrodes, stirring speed, and contact time significantly affected microbead removal efficiency (p<0.05). The results of this research can be a reference for alternative tertiary processing at WWTPs.Abstrak: Penggunaan produk perawatan pribadi sehari-hari yang mengandung microbeads menyebabkan masalah serius bagi lingkungan perairan. Greywater merupakan jalur masuknya microbeads ke dalam limbah domestik dan instalasi pengolahan air limbah (IPAL) dari produk perawatan pribadi. Ukurannya yang sangat kecil dan sifat hidrofobiknya memungkinkan microbeads keluar dari IPAL dan berakhir ke air permukaan. Oleh karena itu diperlukan upaya pengolahan untuk menyisihkan microbeads, salah satunya dengan menggunakan metode elektrokoagulasi dengan elektroda aluminium (Al). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja proses elektrokoagulasi menggunakan elektroda Al yang disusun dalam konfigurasi monopolar dalam reaktor batch untuk melihat pengaruh variasi jarak antar elektroda 1, 2,5, dan 3,5 cm, kecepatan pengadukan 150, 200, dan 250 rpm, dan waktu kontak 60, 120, dan 180 menit dalam menyisihkan microbeads dari air limbah artifisial. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai efisiensi terbaik sebesar 99,30% terjadi pada kondisi operasi dengan jarak antar elektroda 2,5 cm, kecepatan pengadukan 150 rpm, dan waktu kontak 180 menit. Hasil ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa jarak antar elektroda, kecepatan pengadukan, dan waktu kontak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap efisiensi penyisihan microbead (p<0,05). Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi referensi alternatif pengolahan tersier di IPAL.
Analysis of The Effect of Aluminum Electrode Geometry on The Removal of Polyethylene Microbeads Using The Electrocoagulation Method in Greywater Ferdy Ashari Syawal; Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini; Shinta Indah; Fadhila Fadhila
Elkawnie Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v10i1.22307

Abstract

Abstract: The increasing use of cosmetics and personal care products containing small-sized and low-density microbeads will disrupt the aquatic environment because they are difficult to remove in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Electrocoagulation (EC) is an effective technology for removing microbeads from greywater. This research aims to develop an effective cylindrical electrode geometry design in the EC process to reduce electrode passivation, as evidenced by the removal of polyethylene (PE) microbeads from greywater, reduced energy consumption, and the analysis of the EC kinetics model. Experiments were carried out on batch and continuous systems using artificial greywater with an initial concentration of 0.5 g/L. Variations made in the batch system are the geometry of the cylindrical electrode without holes (ESTB), a cylindrical electrode with holes (ESB), a cylindrical electrode with anode with holes, and a cathode with no holes (ESB-A), a cylindrical electrode with cathode, with holes and anode with no holes (ESB-K), and plate electrode (EP). The variations carried out in the continuous system were flow rates of 60, 70, 80, and 90 mL/minute using the best electrode geometry design obtained from the batch system. The best removal efficiency of PE microbeads in a batch system was 98.44% in ESB-K geometry and saved 75% energy consumption compared to EP. The best removal efficiency of PE microbeads in a continuous system was 79.76% at a flow rate of 60 mL/minute. The kinetic model of the EC reaction which corresponds to the removal process of PE microbeads is a first-order reaction. Future research should focus on optimizing the design of continuous reactors so that they can be applied to tertiary processing in domestic WWTPs and industrial WWTPs.Abstrak: Meningkatnya penggunaan kosmetik dan produk perawatan pribadi (CPCP) yang mengandung microbeads berukuran kecil dan berkepadatan rendah akan mengganggu lingkungan perairan karena sulit disisihkan di instalasi pengolahan air limbah (IPAL). Elektrokoagulasi adalah teknologi yang efektif untuk menyisihkan microbeads dari greywater. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan desain geometri elektroda silinder yang efektif pada proses elektrokoagulasi untuk mengurangi pasivasi elektroda yang dibuktikan dari penyisihan microbeads polyethylene dari greywater dan pengurangan konsumsi energi yang digunakan dan menganalisis model kinetika elektrokoagukasi. Eksperimen dilakukan pada sistem batch dan kontinu menggunakan greywater artifisial dengan konsentrasi awal 0,5 g/L. Variasi yang dilakukan pada sistem batch adalah geometri elektroda silinder tidak berlubang (ESTB), elektroda  silinder  berlubang (ESB), elektroda silinder anoda berlubang dan katoda  tidak  berlubang (ESB-A), elektroda  silinder  katoda  berlubang  dan  anoda  tidak  berlubang (ESB-K), dan elektroda pelat (EP). Variasi yang dilakukan pada sistem kontinu adalah laju alir 60, 70, 80, dan 90 mL/menit menggunakan desain geometri elektroda terbaik yang diperoleh dari sistem batch. Efisiensi penyisihan microbeads polyethylene terbaik pada sistem batch sebesar 98,44% pada geometri ESB-K dan menghemat 75% konsumsi energi dibandingkan EP. Efisiensi penyisihan microbeads polyethylene terbaik pada sistem kontinu sebesar 79,76% pada laju alir 60 mL/menit. Model kinetika reaksi elektrokoagulasi yang sesuai dengan proses penyisihan microbeads polyethylene adalah reaksi orde satu. Penelitian selanjutnya harus berfokus pada optimalisasi desain reaktor kontinu, sehingga dapat diterapkan pada pengolahan tersier di IPAL domestik maupun IPAL industri.
Analysis of Microplastics of Bilih Fish (Mystacoleucus padangensis) in Lake Singkarak, West Sumatra Using FT-IR Spectroscopy Calysta Deli Ad&#039;hani; Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini; Shinta Silvia; Fitri Yuranda
Elkawnie Vol. 10 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v10i2.22336

Abstract

Abstract: Microplastics have become a global concern due to their wide distribution and ecological effects. Understanding the interactions between microplastics and ecosystems is important for environmental risk assessment. This study analyzed the abundance and distribution of microplastics in Lake Singkarak. Substantial microplastic research is still lacking for freshwater biota, so a study was conducted to determine the level of microplastic pollution in bilih fish tissue. The fish's size, weight, and sampling point were studied about microplastic uptake through two channels, digestion and respiration. From the results, the types of polymers identified in this study were polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polyethylene terephthalate. Overall, 7.14% - 23.53% (average = 11.48%) of microplastics were identified in the D tract of bilih fish from sixteen different sampling points. While 7.69% - 17.39% (average = 11.85%) of microplastics were identified in the respiration of bilih fish. The highest percentage of the abundance of microplastic forms in the digestions identified was fiber at 70.42% and 66.82% in the digestions. At the same time, The lowest percentage identified was fragmented, with an average abundance of 29.58% in digestion and 33.32% in respiration. In conclusion, this study reveals the presence and impact of microplastics in Lake Singkarak, West Sumatra, on the bilih fish (Mystacoleucus padangensis). By examining the fish's digestive and respiratory systems and using FT-IR Spectroscopy, the research highlights the ecological and economic implications of microplastic pollution. These findings emphasize the need for targeted conservation and management strategies.Abstrak: Mikroplastik telah menjadi perhatian global karena distribusinya yang luas dan efek ekologisnya. Pemahaman tentang interaksi antara mikroplastik dengan ekosistem dinilai penting untuk penilaian risiko lingkungannya. Penelitian ini menganalisis kelimpahan dan distribusi mikroplastik di Danau Singkarak. Penelitian mikroplastik secara substansial masih sedikit untuk biota air tawar maka dilakukan penelitian untuk menentukan tingkat polusi mikroplastik pada jaringan ikan bilih. Ukuran, berat, dan titik sampling ikan diteliti dalam kaitannya dengan jerapan mikroplastik melalui dua saluran, yaitu digestif (pencernaan) dan respirasi (pernapasan). Dari hasil penelitian, jenis polimer yang teridentifikasi dalam penelitian ini adalah jenis polietilen, polivinil klorida, dan polietilen tereftalat. Secara keseluruhan 7,14% - 23,53% (rata-rata = 11,48%) mikroplastik teridentifikasi pada digestif ikan bilih dari enam belas titik sampling yang berbeda. Sementara 7,69% - 17,39% (rata-rata = 11,85%) mikroplastik teridentifikasi pada respirasi ikan bilih. Persentase kelimpahan bentuk mikroplastik tertinggi pada digestif yang diidentifikasi adalah fiber sebesar 70,42% dan 66,82% pada digestif. Sementara persentase terendah yang diidentifikasi adalah fragment dengan rata-rata kelimpahan sebesar 29,58% di digestif dan 33,32% di respirasi. Sebagai kesimpulan, penelitian ini mengungkap keberadaan dan dampak mikroplastik di Danau Singkarak, Sumatera Barat, pada ikan bilih (Mystacoleucus padangensis). Dengan memeriksa sistem pencernaan dan pernapasan ikan serta menggunakan Spektroskopi FT-IR, studi ini menunjukkan implikasi ekologis dan ekonomi dari polusi mikroplastik. Temuan ini menekankan perlunya strategi konservasi dan pengelolaan yang terarah.
Isolation And Identification of Bacteria In The Composting Process of Red Algae (Glacilaria sp) With The Addition of Cow Manure And Waste Household Muhammad Ridwan Harahap; Husnawati Yahya; Syafrina Sari Lubis; Sugiati Sugiati
Elkawnie Vol. 7 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v7i2.22536

Abstract

Abstract: Bacterial isolation research has been conducted from composting Glacilaria sp with the addition of cow dung and household waste. Glacilaria sp samples were taken from Gampoeng Neheun Pond, Mesjid Raya district, Aceh Besar. The process of composting Glacilaria sp with the addition of other materials is done with a ratio of 2:1, the composting time lasts for 20 days. Leachate sampling is carried out on days 0; 4; 8; 12; 16; and 20 as much as 10 ml. PH, color and smell measurements of the sample are performed on each leachate sampling. The observations obtained 39 Gram-negative isolates and 40 Gram-positive isolates. With morphological forms of cells namely Coccus, Bacill, Diplococcus, Streptoccus, Streptobacillus and Staphylococcus. The bacteria are most commonly found in composting household waste.Abstrak: Telah dilakukan penelitian isolasi bakteri dari pengomposan Glacilaria sp, dengan penambahan kotoran sapi dan limbah rumah tangga. Sampel Glacilaria sp berasal dari tambak Gampoeng Neheun, Kecamatan Masjid Raya Aceh Besar. Proses pengomposan Glacilaria sp dengan penambahan bahan lain dilakukan dengan perbandingan 2:1, waktu pengomposan berlangsung selama 20 hari. Pengambilan sampel lindi dilakukan pada hari ke 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, dan 20 sebanyak 10 ml. Dilakukan pengukuran pH, warna dan bau sampel pada setiap pengambilan sampel lindi. Hasil pengamatan diperoleh 39 isolat Gram negatif dan 40 isolat Gram positif. Dengan bentuk morfologi sel yaitu Coccus, Bacill, Diplococcus, Streptoccus, Streptobacillus dan Staphylococcus. Bakteri yang paling banyak ditemukan pada pengomposan limbah rumah tangga
The Effect of Pretreatment Temperature in The Mycobacterium tuberculosis Extraction Method on DNA Quality Tri Yuli Setianingsih; Safira Fitri; Daniel Joko Wahyono; Vivi Setiawaty
Elkawnie Vol. 10 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v10i2.23062

Abstract

Abstract: The existing DNA extraction process for Mycobacterium tuberculosis employs a pretreatment step that may not function at its full potential. This inefficient process led to complications in subsequent analysis; thus, it is necessary to determine the successful extraction method with or without adding a pretreatment step. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature pretreatment on the extraction method of M. tuberculosis on the quality of DNA for WGS examination. The research design was analytically descriptive with a kit-based extraction method from ExiPrepTM Dx Mycobacteria Genomic DNA Kit (K-4418), Bioneer. The results of this study were that DNA purity did not differ (p = 0.959) between the pretreatment heating at 950 °C (2.88) and no heating at 950 °C (2.46). DNA concentration did not differ (p-value = 0.111) between pretreatment heating 950C (0.416 ng/µL) and no heating 950C (0.653 ng/µL). The relatively low DNA concentration resulted in the DNA bands not being visualized on agarose gel electrophoresis (0.8%). In conclusion, our study showed that the pretreatment heating step on M. tuberculosis DNA extraction does not affect DNA purity, concentration, or integrity. This inefficiency step can be discarded from the M. tuberculosis DNA extraction process to simplify the extraction processing. However, other extraction kit approaches need to be explored in future studies.Abstrak: Proses ekstraksi DNA Mycobacterium tuberculosis yang saat ini dilakukan memerlukan pretreatment yang mungkin tidak berpengaruh secara optimal. Proses yang tidak efisiensi berpengaruh terhadap analisis selanjutnya, sehingga perlu untuk mengetahui keberhasilan metode ekstraksi dengan penambahan proses pretreatment. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pretreatment suhu pada metode ekstraksi M. tuberkulosis terhadap kualitas DNA untuk pemeriksaan WGS. Desain penelitian adalah deskriptif analitik dengan metode ekstraksi berbasis kit dari ExiPrepTM Dx Mycobacteria Genomic DNA Kit (K-4418), Bioneer. Hasil penelitian adalah kemurnian DNA tidak berbeda (p=0,959) antara pretreatment pemanasan 950C (2,88) dengan tanpa pemanasan 950C (2,46). Konsentrasi DNA tidak berbeda (p value = 0,111) antara pretreatment pemanasan 950C (0,416 ng/µL) dengan tanpa pemanasan 950C (0,653 ng/µL). Konsentrasi DNA yang relatif rendah mengakibatkan pita DNA tidak tervisualisasi pada elektroforesis gel agarosa (0,8%). Kesimpulan dari penelitian  ini, bahwa langkah pemanasan awal pada ekstraksi DNA M. tuberkulosis tidak berpengaruh terhadap kemurnian, konsentrasi, dan integritas DNA. Langkah ini dapat dihilangkan dari proses ekstraksi DNA M. tuberkulosis untuk menyederhanakan proses ekstraksi. Namun, pendekatan kit ekstraksi lainnya perlu dieksplorasi dalam penelitian selanjutnya
Development of A Dyscalculia Identification Test Instrument Budi Azhari; Rahmah Johar; Evi Ramadhani; Mailizar Mailizar
Elkawnie Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v10i1.23347

Abstract

Abstract: This research aims to develop a dyscalculia test instrument for early identification of children with dyscalculia learning disorders through a series of validity and reliability tests involving various experts from various related fields. This research uses the Tessmer model in developing test instruments through several stages, including: preliminary, self evaluation, prototyping (expert reviews, one-to-one, and small group), and field tests. The research results show that each research variable, namely X1 (type A), X2 (type B), and X3 (Dyscalculia), has met high validity. All question items in these three variables have an r-value that exceeds the r-table, ensuring that the instrument measures what it is intended to measure and reflects the construct accurately. The reliability test results show that each variable has a raw_alpha above 0.80, which reflects very high reliability. This shows that the instrument has the ability to produce consistent and reliable results under repeated use and on different samples. So that the instrument developed can be used to identify and diagnose dyscalculic children in helping dyscalculic children overcome the difficulty of learning mathematics.Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan instrumen tes diskalkulia untuk mengidentifikasi awal anak dengan gangguan belajar diskalkulia melalui serangkaian uji validitas dan reliabilitas yang melibatkan berbagai pihak ahli dari berbagai bidang terkait. Penelitian ini menggunakan model Tessmer dalam mengembangkan instrumen tes melalui beberapa tahapan, antara lain: preliminary, self evaluation, prototyping (expert reviews, one-to-one, dan small group), dan field test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setiap variabel penelitian, yakni X1 (tipe A), X2 (tipe B), dan X3 (Diskalkulia), telah memenuhi validitas yang tinggi. Semua item soal di ketiga variabel tersebut memiliki r-hitung yang melebihi r-tabel, memastikan bahwa instrumen mengukur apa yang dimaksudkan untuk diukur dan mencerminkan konstruk dengan akurat. Hasil uji reliabilitas menunjukkan bahwa setiap variabel memiliki raw_alpha di atas 0,80, yang mencerminkan reliabilitas yang sangat tinggi. Ini menunjukkan bahwa instrumen memiliki kemampuan untuk menghasilkan hasil yang konsisten dan dapat diandalkan dalam penggunaan berulang dan pada sampel yang berbeda. Sehingga instrumen yang dikembangkan dapat digunakan keperluaan identifiksi dan mendiagnosa anak diskalkulia dalam membantu anak diskalkulia mengatasi masalah kesulitan belajar matematika.
The Relationship Between Conflict Risk of Sumatran Tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) and Vegetation Density in The Leuser Ecosystem Area of South Aceh District Istafan Najmi; Wira Dharma; Saida Rasnovi
Elkawnie Vol. 11 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v11i1.23571

Abstract

Abstract: Sumatran tigers (Panthera tigris sumatrae) in the Leuser Ecosystem of South Aceh rely heavily on dense and diverse vegetation for food and protection. However, vegetation degradation due to deforestation and land conversion has pushed tigers out of their natural habitat, increasing the risk of conflict with humans which threatens the species' survival. This study aims to analyze the relationship between tiger conflict risk and vegetation density using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The research method combines a Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) approach and satellite image-based spatial analysis (Landsat 8/9 or Sentinel) to calculate NDVI, while conflict data was collected through SMART patrols in 13 villages and mapped with ArcGIS. The results show that the Sumatran tiger conflict risk is spatially distributed with a significant level of variation in the study area. High risk dominates with a percentage of 61.5%, mainly concentrated in five sub-districts: Trumon Tengah, Trumon Timur, Tapak Tuan, Kluet Tengah, and Meukek. Meanwhile, moderate risk (23.1%) was identified in Bakongan Timur and Trumon Tengah, and low risk (15.4%) was only found in Bakongan Timur. There is a striking pattern between vegetation density and conflict frequency, with low vegetation areas such as Bakongan Timur (7 cases) and Trumon Tengah (6 cases) recording the highest number of conflicts. In contrast, sub-districts with high vegetation cover such as Meukek, Tapaktuan, and Central Kluet recorded only one case each. These findings strongly indicate that habitat degradation, indicated by low NDVI values, is the main factor driving the increase in negative tiger-human interactions in the region. Abstrak: Harimau Sumatera (Panthera tigris sumatrae) di Kawasan Ekosistem Leuser, Aceh Selatan, sangat bergantung pada vegetasi yang lebat dan beragam sebagai sumber makanan dan perlindungan. Namun, degradasi vegetasi akibat deforestasi dan alih fungsi lahan telah mendorong harimau keluar dari habitat alaminya, sehingga meningkatkan risiko konflik dengan manusia yang mengancam kelangsungan hidup spesies ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara risiko konflik harimau dan kerapatan vegetasi dengan menggunakan Indeks Vegetasi Perbedaan Ternormalisasi (NDVI). Metode yang digunakan menggabungkan pendekatan Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) dan analisis spasial berbasis citra satelit (Landsat 8/9 atau Sentinel) untuk menghitung NDVI, sementara data konflik dikumpulkan melalui patroli SMART di 13 desa dan dipetakan menggunakan ArcGIS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa risiko konflik harimau Sumatera tersebar secara spasial dengan tingkat variasi yang signifikan di wilayah studi. Risiko tinggi mendominasi dengan persentase 61,5%, yang terutama terkonsentrasi di lima kecamatan: Trumon Tengah, Trumon Timur, Tapak Tuan, Kluet Tengah, dan Meukek. Sementara itu, risiko sedang (23,1%) teridentifikasi di Bakongan Timur dan Trumon Tengah, sedangkan risiko rendah (15,4%) hanya ditemukan di Bakongan Timur. Terdapat pola yang mencolok antara kerapatan vegetasi dan frekuensi konflik, di mana wilayah dengan vegetasi rendah seperti Bakongan Timur (7 kasus) dan Trumon Tengah (6 kasus) mencatat jumlah konflik tertinggi. Sebaliknya, kecamatan dengan tutupan vegetasi tinggi seperti Meukek, Tapaktuan, dan Kluet Tengah masing-masing hanya mencatat satu kasus konflik. Temuan ini secara kuat menunjukkan bahwa degradasi habitat, yang ditunjukkan oleh rendahnya nilai NDVI, merupakan faktor utama yang mendorong meningkatnya interaksi negatif antara harimau dan manusia di wilayah ini.  
Arabic Diacritic-Aware Text-Audio Segmentation and Alignment Model (DASAM) Adel Sabour; Abdeltawab Hendawi; Mohamed Ali
Elkawnie Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v10i1.23637

Abstract

Abstract: This paper introduces the Diacritic-Aware Segmentation and Alignment Model for Arabic (DASAM). Diacritics are vital for pronunciation and meaning in the Arabic language but are often ignored by current speech recognition systems. DASAM is designed for word-level segmentation and alignment in unseen audio and associating them with diacritic-marked Arabic text. The DASAM approach uses linguistic analysis based on intonation rules. DASAM then applies Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) to match the reference audio word with its position in the unseen sentence audio. The model outputs a list of words with their start and end times in the recording. Tested on the Qur’an dataset, DASAM outperforms Google Speech-to-Text (STT) in predicting word timings. It achieves higher accuracy in text-audio alignment, with values of 0.959 and 0.957 for word start and end times, respectively (compared to Google STT’s 0.870 and 0.849). Additionally, DASAM employs advanced signal processing techniques and demonstrates robustness across various audio variations. These results establish that DASAM constitutes a fundamental building block for speech-to-text conversion and linguistic research in Arabic, particularly for applications involving diacritics.
Graft Copolymerization of Natural Rubber With Functionalized Glycidyl Methacrylate Via Thermal and Free Radical Initiation: Effect of Processing Temperatures and Times Nasirsah Nasirsah; Fatma Suryani Harahap; Muhammad Darwis; Iskandar Safri Hasibuan; Syahruddin Aritonang
Elkawnie Vol. 11 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v11i1.23784

Abstract

Abstract: As an unsaturated elastomer, the natural rubber (NR) is difficult to maintain adhesivity with the other additive materials, limiting their use during the process of manufacturing. Therefore, it is necessary to modify the surface to improve thermal and oxidative resistance. This study aims to modify the natural rubber through a functionalization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and its effect on temperatures and times during processing. Functionalization of NR was carried out via free radical initiation by varying the working times and temperatures. Characterizations via FTIR were performed to confirm the functional groups of NR and functionalized NR, while the analysis of grafting was carried out to describe the propose proposed reaction mechanisms. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of functional groups contributing to NR including stretching O-H of peptide group (3285 cm-1), stretching and absorption of CH3 (respectively 2725 cm-1 and 1456 cm-1), and functionalized GMA were observed after functionalization (1730 cm-1). Working times and temperatures allowed the GMA to disperse evenly, resulting higher chance of homo-polymerisation via crosslinking of poly-GMA, optimum at 160-190oC. In conclusion, the thermal initiation process at the optimum temperature allows the maximum grafting degree of GMA on NR, reaching up to 80% at 170°C, and results in a much more stable reaction through free radical initiation. Abstrak: Sebagai salah satu elastomer tak jenuh, karet alam (NR) terbatas dalam menjaga kemampuan daya rekatnya dengan bahan aditif lain, sehingga membatasi penggunaan praktisnya dalam proses manufaktur. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan modifikasi khususnya di permukaan untuk meningkatkan ketahanan terhadap panas dan oksidasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memodifikasi NR melalui fungsionalisasi clycidyl metacrylate (GMA) dan mengkaji pengaruh suhu dan waktu selama proses fungsionalisasi berlangsung. Fungsionalisasi NR diinisiasi melalui radikal bebas dengan variasi waktu dan suhu reaksi. Karakterisasi menggunakan FTIR dilakukan untuk mengkonfirmasi keberadaan gugus fungsi pada NR dan NR-terfungsionalisasi, sedangkan analisis grafting dilakukan untuk menjelaskan mekanisme reaksi yang diusulkan. Spektra FTIR menunjukkan adanya gugus fungsi pada NR berupa regangan O–H (3285 cm⁻¹), regangan dan serapan CH₃ (masing-masing pada 2725 cm⁻¹ dan 1456 cm⁻¹), serta munculnya puncak khas GMA-terfungsionalisasi pada 1730 cm⁻¹. Variasi waktu dan suhu reaksi memungkinkan terjadinya dispersi GMA yang lebih merata, meningkatkan peluang terjadinya homopolimerisasi melalui ikatan silang poli-GMA, pada suhu 160–190°C. Secara keseluruhan, proses inisiasi termal pada suhu optimum menghasilkan derajat grafting maksimum GMA pada NR hingga 80% pada 170°C, serta menghasilkan reaksi yang lebih stabil melalui mekanisme inisiasi radikal bebas.  
Conservation Status of Quranic Medicinal Plant Species: Review of Indonesian Case Study Saniyatun Mar&#039;atus Solihah; Farid Kuswantoro
Elkawnie Vol. 10 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v10i2.24363

Abstract

Abstract: Plant use is well documented in many religions, beliefs, and cultures, including Islam. Essential plants of Islam are mentioned in the Quran. Indonesia, a biodiversity-rich country, has numerous medicinal plants, some of which are listed in the Quran. However, scientific approaches to documenting this plant conservation still need to be improved. Thus, this study aims to provide information regarding the conservation status of Quranic medicinal plant species and the ex-situ conservation efforts conducted in Indonesia. This study was conducted using secondary data acquirement. This study found that 35 medicinal plants are listed in the Quran, with two species listed as a vulnerable conservation status. Twelve of these plants are conserved in the Indonesian botanic gardens. At the same time, the newly founded Quranic plant thematic garden in Bogor Botanic Garden also contains several Quranic medicinal plants listed in this study. This study concludes that Quranic medicinal plants exist, and some are already conserved ex-situ in Indonesia. Although conservation should be improved for plants yet to be conserved, the study data could formulate future conservation, education, and research programs covering Quranic plant botany and bioprospecting to support its conservation and sustainable utilization.Abstrak: Pemanfaatan tumbuhan telah terdokumentasi secara baik dalam berbagai agama, kepercayaan dan kebudayaan, termasuk Islam. Tumbuhan penting dalam Islam disebutkan dalam Al-Quran. Sebagai negara yang kaya biodiversitas, Indonesia memiliki banyak tumbuhan obat yang beberapa diantaranya disebutkan pula dalam Al-Quran. Namun, pendekatan ilmiah untuk mendokumentasikan status konservasi tumbuhan-tumbuhan tersebut masih perlu ditingkatkan. Karena itu, studi ini bertujuan untuk menyediakan informasi mengenai status konservasi dan upaya konservasi ex-situ tumbuhan obat Al-Quran di Indonesia. Studi ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Hasil studi ini menujukan bahwa 35 jenis tumbuhan obat disebutkan dalam Al-Quran, dengan dua diataranya merupakan tumbuhan dengan status rentan. Dua belas diatara jenis-jenis tumbuhan tersebut telah dikoleksi pada beberapa kebun raya di Indonesia.  Sementara itu, taman tematik khusus berisi tumbuhan Al-Quran yang menampung sebagian tumbuhan yang termuat dalam daftar pada studi ini juga didirikan di Kebun Raya Bogor. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa tumbuhan obat yang disebutkan dalam Al-Quran hidup dan beberapa telah dikonservasi secara ex-situ di Indonesia. Walaupun upaya konservasi tumbuhan obat Al-Quran masih perlu ditingkatkan, terutama untuk tumbuhan yang belum dikoleksi secara ex-situ, data pada studi ini dapat digunakan dalam menyusun upaya konservasi, pendidikan dan penelitian mengenai botani dan biospropeksi tumbuhan obat Al-Quran untuk mendukung upaya konservasi dan pemanfaatan berkelanjutannya.

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