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BULETIN PUSAT PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN GALIAN NUKLIR Jl. Lebak Bulus Raya No. 9, Ps. Jumat, Jakarta 12440, Indonesia, Telp (021) 7691775, 7695394, 75912956 Fax (021)7691977
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INDONESIA
Eksplorium : Buletin Pusat Pengembangan Bahan Galian Nuklir
Published by Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional
ISSN : 08541418     EISSN : 2503426x     DOI : https://doi.org/10.17146/eksplorium
Core Subject : Social,
Social Sciences
Eksplorium : Buletin Pusat Pengembangan Bahan Galian Nuklir, adalah jurnal yang diterbitkan oleh Pusat Teknologi Bahan Galian Nuklir-BATAN yang telah diakreditasi LIPI No.749/AU2/P2MI-LIPI/08/2016 dan menempati peringkat SINTA 2
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 194 Documents
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Ore Mineralization Characteristics in Hydrothermal Alteration at Mangunharjo and Surrounding Areas, Pacitan, Indonesia Abdul Faisal Baba; Sri Mulyaningsih; Radhitya Adzan Hidayah
EKSPLORIUM Vol 43, No 1 (2022): Mei 2022
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/eksplorium.2022.43.1.6194

Abstract

The research area is located in Mangunharjo-Grindulu, Pacitan (Indonesia), as part of the Southern Mountain Tertiary Volcanic Arch. Outcrops of quartz veins-riched volcanic rock associated with sulfide minerals are found in this area. The Southern Mountain Oligo-Miocene magmatic arc is known as the potential area that contains precious metal deposits. The study aimed to determine the characteristics of the mineralized zone in this area. The research methods are geological surface mapping, thin-section observation, mineragraphy, and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The results show that the constituent lithologies were andesitic lava, breccia, and tuff; co-ignimbrite breccia, dacitic pumice and tuff, and dacitic dike; and pyroxene-rich andesitic volcanic rocks. The geological structure is dominated by oblique normal faults, strike-slip faults, and upward oblique faults associated with shear joints filled with quartz veins. Fieldwork observation, thin-section analyses, and mineragraphic and XRD observations identify three alteration zones in the hydrothermal system: the advanced argillic zone, the intermediate argillic zone, and the chloritized zone. By the mineral’s association, it is interpreted that the advanced argillic zone was formed at a temperature of 220-330oC and pH 3-6 due to dissemination with side rocks located near the hydrothermal flows; the intermediate argillic zone and the chloritized zone were formed at a temperature of 150-300oC and a pH of 5-6 due to chloritized alteration of the hydrothermal fluid carrying the ore. This alteration zone has no economic potential for precious metal minerals so it is better to be developed for education, conservation, and natural laboratories.
Sub-surface Geological Modeling Based on Gravity Residual Data in Adang Volcanic Rock Area, Mamuju, West Sulawesi Province Adhika Junara Karunianto; Dwi Haryanto; Ngadenin Ngadenin
EKSPLORIUM Vol 43, No 1 (2022): Mei 2022
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/eksplorium.2022.43.1.6089

Abstract

The Mamuju area of West Sulawesi Province is composed of Adang volcanic rock that is a product of the process of volcanism in a volcanic complex with an eruption center and several lava domes. The geology of the study area is composed of eleven rock units, namely Adang breccia, Adang lava, lava dome, volcanic conglomerate, Ampalas breccia, Malunda breccia, Boteng lava, Tapalang breccia, limestone, reef limestone, and alluvium. The mineralization of uranium, thorium, and rare earth elements formed in Adang lava thorianite veins. Adang lava is intruded by a dioritoid found in the Mamuju river upstream. The gravity modeling technique has produced two 2-D subsurface models based on gravity data on 2-D cross-sections of the residual gravity map. It is known that the rock density range from 2.10 to 2.85 g/cm3 in the study area. Based on the interpretation of two 2-D subsurface models, a batholith, a giant-sized intrusive rock, is found in the southeastern part of the study area with a rock density of about 2.85 g/cm3 and is interpreted to be dioritoids. Furthermore, deep intrusion rocks also occur in the center part of the study area with a rock density of 2.8 g/cm3. It is estimated to be the same as the rock in the southeastern part of the study area. Dioritoid intrudes a volcanic breccia sedimentary rock with a density of about 2.1 g/cm3.
Tectonic Pattern Imaging of Southern Sumatra Region Using Double Difference Seismic Tomography Akmal Firmansyah; Wandono Wandono; Mohamad Ramdhan
EKSPLORIUM Vol 43, No 1 (2022): Mei 2022
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/eksplorium.2022.43.1.6603

Abstract

Southern Sumatra and its surroundings are close to the contact zone of the Indo-Australian plate and Eurasian plate, so the area always relates to the high seismicity zone. The Sumatran subduction zone, the Mentawai fault, and several segments of the Sumatran fault drive seismic activities in the area. Tectonic settings are essential to understanding the area's source and hazard. This understanding can be obtained using the relocated hypocenter distribution and the 3D velocity model in the area. Relocated hypocenters and velocity models are obtained from simultaneous inversion from the BMKG earthquake catalog in January 2012-December 2020 using the double difference seismic tomography method. Seismic velocity inversion of P- and S- wave tomograms image the thermal zone beneath Dempo and Patah volcanoes at a depth of 30-50 km. Slab dehydration is also observed in several forearc high zone. Both phenomena are associated with negative anomalies. The Sumatran and Mentawai fault zones are marked between negative and positive anomalies on the contact zone. The subducted slab of the Indo-Australian plate is observed until a depth of 150 km, which is the maximum depth of nodes used in this study. The granitic basement beneath Anak Krakatau volcano is detected until 10 km. Two of those geological features are related to positive anomalies.
Geostatistical Ore Body Modeling on Uranium Mineralization in Remaja Sector, Kalan Area, West Kalimantan Roni Cahya Ciputra; Mohamad Nur Heriawan; Heri Syaeful; Dhatu Kamajati; Putri Rahmawati
EKSPLORIUM Vol 43, No 1 (2022): Mei 2022
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/eksplorium.2022.43.1.6622

Abstract

Manual ore body modeling on Remaja Sector, Kalan, West Kalimantan generally takes a long time and is subjective. On the other hand, automatic modeling (implicit modeling) is faster, objective, and equipped with uncertainty factors. This study aimed to analyze the comparison between the geostatistical Sequential Indicator Simulation (SIS) ore body model to the manual ore body model. The lithology database was used as input for variogram analysis and SIS simulation. The directional variogram was used to construct an experimental variogram for the lithology with orientation data. The orientation of the lithologies corresponds to the anisotropy of their variogram map. The SIS was carried out in  Block A and Block B with block sizes of 6×6×6 m3 and 5×5×5 m3 respectively. The simulation results were processed to produce a lithology probability model. By using maximum probability as block lithology, simulation results were well validated by the composite database histogram, the lithologies along the tunnel on the geological map of level 450 masl of Eko Remaja Tunnel., and the lithologies along boreholes. The weakness of the geostatistical ore body model was the results depending on the input parameters. Meanwhile, several advantages of the geostatistical ore body model were a faster processing process, equipped with an uncertainty factor, and the block size of the model has taken into account the distance between grade data so that it can be used directly for grade estimation. Quantitatively, the geostatistical ore body model had a higher average percentage of conformity to the lithology of the mineralized zone along the borehole than the manual ore body model.
Review on Granitic Rocks in Sumatra: Intrusion Process, Classification, Mineralization and Potential Uses Ronaldo Irzon; Heri Syaeful; Aries Kusworo; Joko Wahyudiono; Ngadenin Ngadenin
EKSPLORIUM Vol 43, No 1 (2022): Mei 2022
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/eksplorium.2022.43.1.6471

Abstract

Granitic rocks are widely distributed in Sumatra and surrounding areas. These granitoids are classified into several granite provinces of Southeast Asia with different intrusion processes and specific characteristics. This paper aims to review the intrusion of granitic rocks in Sumatra and describe the opportunities associated with it. Granite rocks are used to manufacture cultural heritage, works of art, and ornaments because of their weathering resistance, color diversity, and hardness characters. S-type granite intrusion in Sumatra might be associated with tin mineralization while silver-gold with the I-type. Theoretically, granite contains more REE than other igneous rocks. Mining and extraction difficulties complicate the direct REE exploitation from fresh granite. A-type granite relatively contains more REE than the other types, but this type of granite is not correlated with certain provinces. Indonesia has a tropical climate which is prone to weathering. Therefore, it is possible for REE and/or bauxite enrichments in the granite weathering horizon. Granite is assumed to be a potential source of uranium and thorium, especially for the S-type, because it is formed through the compression of sediments that can absorb these radioactive elements from the continental crust.
Cover and Table of Content Editor Eksplorium
EKSPLORIUM Vol 43, No 1 (2022): Mei 2022
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Cover and Table of Content for Eksplorium Volume 43 No. 1 May 2022 Edition.
Analytical Method Validation of Thorium in Ore Sample Using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer Indryati, Suci; Hidayat, Amalia Ekaputri; Pratama, Afiq Azfar; Laksmana, Roza Indra; Widana, Kurnia Setiawan; Ramlan, Muhammad Alif; Purwanti, Tri; Prassanti, Riesna; Anggraini, Mutia; Rommy, Rommy
EKSPLORIUM Vol 44, No 2 (2023): November 2023
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/eksplorium.2023.6965

Abstract

Monazite contains several rare earth elements (REE) along with radioactive elements, i.e., thorium (Th) and uranium (U). Thorium content in monazite is several times higher than uranium. Monazite contains around 12% thorium oxide, but the thorium content in this mineral varies depending on location. To determine the thorium content in monazite, an appropriate and validated analytical method is needed so that the reliability of the test results can be trusted. Apart from that, method validation is one of the clauses in SNI ISO/IEC 17025:2017 that must be fulfilled by the laboratory to be certified and produce reliable data. This research aims to validate analytical methods for non-standard and modified methods that are likely to be used outside the scope. In this research, the method used to digest and analyze thorium in mineral samples refers to the ASTM E2941-14 method with several modifications. Therefore, the analysis method needs to be validated. Validation of the analytical method is carried out by testing several parameters such as linearity and working range tests, accuracy, precision (repeatability), Limit of Detection (LOD), and Limit of Quantitation (LOQ). The results of linearity, accuracy, and repeatability tests that meet the acceptance requirements can be used as a method of validation evaluation. The results of the method validation parameter test met the acceptance requirements, with the linearity test showing a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.997, the accuracy test showing % a recovery value of 106.22%, and the precision (repeatability) test showing %RSD of 3.76% with LOD value is 0.650 mg/L, and LOQ is 0.724 mg/L. Based on the results of these parameter tests, the method for analyzing thorium in mineral samples was validated.
Tectonic Structure of Northern Sumatra Region Based on Seismic Tomography of P and S Wave Velocity Silitonga, Betrix Elisabet; Suardi, Iman; Firmansyah, Akmal; Hanif, Muhammad; Ramdhan, Mohamad; Sembiring, Andry Syaly
EKSPLORIUM Vol 44, No 1 (2023): May 2023
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/eksplorium.2023.6784

Abstract

The tectonic setting of Sumatra Island is strongly influenced by the oblique subduction of the Indo-Australian Plate, which subducts the Eurasian Plate at a speed of 52–60 mm/year. The movement of these plates resulted in the Northern Sumatra region having seismic sources from tectonic and volcanic activity. The data used in this study is in the form of seismic wave travel-time recorded by numerous seismic stations in the research area from January 2012 to December 2020. The data comes from 5,003 earthquakes recorded by the BMKG seismic network. The inversion is a simultaneous inversion between seismic velocity models (Vp and Vs) and hypocenter parameters by applying a double-difference seismic tomography algorithm. Tomogram results in parts of Aceh (Singkil and Subulussalam) and North Sumatra (Pakpak Bharat and Dairi) at a depth of 0 km show negative perturbations in Vp and Vs values and high Vp/Vs values. The anomaly is most likely related to cracks in fluid-saturated rocks. The tomograms in the south of Lake Toba at depths of 30 km and 40 km have high Vp and Vs perturbation values and low Vp/Vs values. This anomaly indicates a magma supply line that is no longer active or has cooled for a long time. Based on the seismic tomography modeling results, the subducted Indo-Australian Plate to the Eurasian Plate is visible in the study area.
Distribution and Characteristics of Rare Earth Elements in Uranium-Ore Deposits from Rirang Area, West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia Adimedha, Tyto Baskara; Farenzo, Rayhan Aldizan; Sukadana, I Gde; Nugraheni, Rosmalia Dita; Pratiwi, Fadiah; Ciputra, Roni Cahya; Indrastomo, Frederikus Dian; Syaeful, Heri; Rachael, Yoshi
EKSPLORIUM Vol 45, No 1 (2024): May 2024
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/eksplorium.2024.7058

Abstract

Uranium and rare earth elements (REE) are essential elements for the development of green environmentally friendly, and sustainable energy. To meet the increasing demand for these raw materials, Indonesia has taken steps to explore and map potential deposits, including the Rirang Sector in Melawi Regency, West Kalimantan. However, the available information on the mineralization of these elements in the area is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a detailed characterization on the petrology and geochemical characteristics of uranium ore and to synthesize the mineral genesis of uranium and REE-bearing ore in the Rirang Sector. The analytical methods used included petrography, micro-XRF, and geochemical analysis. The results showed that uranium mineralization was present in brannerites, uranophane, and swamboite associated with tourmaline and monazite ore. Similarly, REE concentrations were hosted by REE-bearing minerals, such as monazite, xenotime, and loparite. Geochemically, the uranium concentration in the monazite ore ranged from 1,110 – 28,440 ppm, while the total REE (TREE) concentration varied between 85,320 to 138,488 ppm. The formation of uranium and REE mineralization were due to the metasomatism process and its association with the Na-rich fluid of felsic intrusion. Notably, the weathering process did not enrich uranium and REE content in the soil but rather decreased it due to the leaching process and the absence of clay minerals capable of absorbing the REE cations on the surface of clay crystal structures.
Cover and Table of Content Eksplorium, Editor
EKSPLORIUM Vol 44, No 1 (2023): May 2023
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Cover and Table of Content for Eksplorium Volume 44 No. 1 May 2023 Edition.

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