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Buletin Keslingmas
Published by Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang
ISSN : 0215742X     EISSN : 26558033     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.31983/keslingmas
Core Subject : Health, Social,
Environmental Science Health Professions Public Health
Buletin Keslingmas mencakup bidang penelitian bidang sanitasi /penyehatan air, penyehatan udara, penyehatan makanan, penyehatan tanah/ pengelolaan sampah, pengendalian vektor, penyehatan sarana fasilitas, Kesehatan dan Keselamat Kerja, Epidemiologi Kesehatan Lingkungan.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 552 Documents
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The Serbuk Kayu sebagai Penurun Kadar Amonia pada Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah Puskesmas Nawan Prianto; Prihantoro; Zahra Aulia
Buletin Keslingmas Vol 45 No 2 (2026): BULETIN KESLINGMAS: VOL. 45 NO. 2 TAHUN 2026
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31983/keslingmas.v45i2.14646

Abstract

Wastewater generated from healthcare facilities such as health centers contains various pollutants, including ammonia (NH₃), which can potentially pollute the environment. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of activated charcoal made from sawdust as a filtration medium in reducing ammonia levels in the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) at Sukadamai Inpatient Health Center. This research is an experimental study using a pretest-posttest design without a control group. The filtration media were created using activated charcoal derived from sawdust that had undergone carbonization and activation with H₃PO₄ solution. The variations in media thickness used were 100 cm, 110 cm, and 120 cm. Filtration was carried out using a vertical flow (downflow) system with different contact times. The tested parameters included ammonia levels, pH, and temperature. The results showed that activated sawdust charcoal significantly reduced ammonia levels. Variations in media thickness affected the filtration effectiveness, with the 120 cm thickness yielding the best ammonia reduction compared to the others. It can be concluded that activated sawdust charcoal has potential as an effective, low-cost, and environmentally friendly alternative media for reducing ammonia levels in wastewater from health centers. This study is expected to serve as a reference for the development of small-scale wastewater treatment systems.
Optimalisasi Sanitasi Pasar Sesuai Standar Pasar Sehat Melisa Maulani; Rina Noor Hayati; Iitra Achbar Sahdian; Ulul Azmiyah Sudarmo
Buletin Keslingmas Vol 45 No 2 (2026): BULETIN KESLINGMAS: VOL. 45 NO. 2 TAHUN 2026
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31983/keslingmas.v45i2.14876

Abstract

Traditional markets serve as central hubs of community economic activity and play a vital role in meeting daily basic needs. However, the high intensity of interactions within these markets may increase the risk of disease transmission, particularly when environmental sanitation is inadequately managed. This study aims to analyze the current condition of sanitation facilities at Sanggam Adji Dilayas Market, Berau Regency, and to formulate recommendations for improvement toward achieving a healthy market in accordance with the provisions of the Indonesian Ministry of Health Regulation No. 17 of 2020. The research employed a descriptive analysis with a rationalistic approach. Recommendations were formulated using a triangulation method, involving direct observation and interviews based on six key sanitation indicators: provision of clean water, toilet facilities, waste management, drainage systems, handwashing facilities, and vector control. The findings reveal that the market has not yet met the criteria for a healthy market, with a feasibility score of 62%. The main issues identified include insufficient toilet facilities, damaged wastewater (black water) channels, suboptimal waste management systems, clogged drainage, the absence of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), and the lack of handwashing facilities and vector control measures in strategic areas. Based on these results, eleven recommendations were proposed to enhance sanitation facilities, encompassing infrastructure improvements, waste separation and treatment, provision of a WWTP, and education on hygienic behavior. These improvements are expected to support the implementation of healthy market standards, enhance the comfort of both vendors and visitors, and contribute to the sustainable realization of a Healthy City in Berau Regency.
Analisis Higiene dan Sanitasi terhadap Keberadaan Bakteri Coliform pada Minuman Es Serbuk Instan Siti Julaikhah; Riyan Ningsih; Ervinda Yuliatin
Buletin Keslingmas Vol 45 No 2 (2026): BULETIN KESLINGMAS: VOL. 45 NO. 2 TAHUN 2026
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31983/keslingmas.v45i2.14921

Abstract

The problem of microbiological contamination in snack drinks is still a public health issue, especially in instant powdered ice drinks, which are at risk of contamination because they go through various stages of handling, such as water mixing, the use of ice cubes, contact with equipment, and direct contact by sellers. This study aims to analyze the relationship between personal hygiene of handlers and sanitation facilities to Coliform bacterial contamination in instant powdered ice drinks at Segiri Market, Samarinda City. The study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. A sample of 21 traders was selected using the total sampling technique. Data was collected through observation using the Environmental Health Inspection (EHI), as well as Coliform examination using the Most Probable Number (MPN) method. Data analysis was carried out univariate and bivariate using Fisher's Exact Test (α=0.05). The results showed that 61.9% of handlers had unqualified personal hygiene, and 47.6% had unqualified sanitation facilities, and 85.7% of samples of Coliform-contaminated beverages exceeded the threshold (0 MPN/100 ml). The results of the statistical test showed that there was a significant relationship between personal hygiene (p=0.042) and Coliform contamination, but there was no relationship between sanitation facilities (p=1,000) and Coliform contamination. It was concluded that the personal hygiene of handlers plays a role in the microbiological quality of beverages, so increased education and supervision are needed to reduce the risk of contamination.
Analisa Pengetahuan, Sikap, Fasilitas Sekolah Terhadap Tindakan Mengurangi Penggunaan Plastik Sekali Pakai di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Siti Muti’ah; Vita Pramaningsih; Rusdi
Buletin Keslingmas Vol 45 No 2 (2026): BULETIN KESLINGMAS: VOL. 45 NO. 2 TAHUN 2026
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31983/keslingmas.v45i2.15016

Abstract

Plastic waste and microplastics are an increasingly serious environmental problem due to the high use of single-use plastics, particularly in school environments. This condition not only causes environmental pollution but also poses potential risks to the health of living organisms. This study aims to analyze the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and school facilities and students' actions in reducing single-use plastic consumption among MTs and Muhammadiyah Junior High School students in Samarinda City. This study used a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 236 respondents were selected using a cluster sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires measuring students' knowledge, attitudes, perceptions of school facilities, and actions, as well as observation sheets to verify the actual availability of school facilities. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test and Fisher's Exact Test at a significance level of 0.05. Statistical analysis showed no significant relationship between knowledge and action (p=0.366), whereas significant relationships were found between attitudes and action (p=0.025; PR=6.740) and between school facilities and action (p=0.043; PR=2.571). These findings indicate that students' actions in reducing plastic use are more strongly influenced by attitudes and the availability of school facilities than by knowledge. This study concludes that there is a significant relationship between attitudes and school facilities and students' actions in reducing single-use plastic use, suggesting that improving school facilities and strengthening positive attitudes should be prioritized in efforts to reduce single-use plastic in school environments.
Penilaian Risiko Ergonomi Metode Rapid Entire Body Assessment pada Tenaga Kesehatan Puskesmas Windu Yuli Widiastuti; Khomsiatun; Gozy Ajeng Retnowati; Eram Tunggul Pawenang
Buletin Keslingmas Vol 45 No 2 (2026): BULETIN KESLINGMAS: VOL. 45 NO. 2 TAHUN 2026
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31983/keslingmas.v45i2.15094

Abstract

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a major occupational health problem among healthcare workers in primary care facilities. Tlogosari Wetan Community Health Center has never conducted a systematic ergonomic risk assessment despite its healthcare workers performing various high-risk physical activities daily. Objective To identify ergonomic risk levels in work postures of healthcare workers at Tlogosari Wetan Community Health Center Semarang using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method and to formulate intervention recommendations based on the hierarchy of controls. Observational descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. Twenty healthcare workers from nine professions were observed using total sampling. Each respondent was assessed on one most representative work posture using the REBA worksheet covering all body segments (neck, trunk, legs, upper arm, lower arm, and wrist) without exclusion, alongside force/load, coupling, and activity scoring. 20 postures assessed (80% female respondents), REBA scores ranged from 3 to 11 (mean 5.50, SD 2.28; 95% CI: 4.43–6.57). Risk distribution: low risk 2 postures (10.0%), medium risk 15 postures (75.0%), high risk 2 postures (10.0%), very high risk 1 posture (5.0%). The highest score (REBA 11) was recorded during a joint wound care procedure performed by a nurse and a doctor. Dominant risk factors: excessive trunk and neck flexion (>20–60°) in 85% of postures, shoulder elevation in 75% of postures, and static-repetitive loading in 100% of postures. All observed postures required ergonomic attention. Staged interventions based on the NIOSH Hierarchy of Controls are recommended for immediate implementation: engineering controls (height-adjustable workstations, hi-low beds, ergonomic chairs, magnifying loupes), administrative controls (micro-breaks, task rotation), and PPE (wrist support, headlamp).
Analisis Sanitasi Lingkungan Rumah terhadap Indikator Rumah Sehat Deri Kermelita; Yusmidiarti; Haidina Ali
Buletin Keslingmas Vol 45 No 2 (2026): BULETIN KESLINGMAS: VOL. 45 NO. 2 TAHUN 2026
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31983/keslingmas.v45i2.15121

Abstract

Housing and sanitation are important determinants of environmental health and influence healthy housing indicators. Poor sanitation conditions, such as inadequate ventilation, poor lighting, improper waste management, and inadequate wastewater disposal systems, may increase the risk of environment-based diseases. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between housing environmental sanitation conditions and healthy housing indicators in the working area of Muara Bangkahulu Public Health Center, Bengkulu City. This analytic observational study used a cross-sectional design with 72 houses selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through direct observation using a healthy housing inspection form based on Indonesian Ministry of Health standards and analyzed using the Chi-Square test (α=0.05). The results showed that ventilation, lighting, floor and wall conditions, a healthy latrine, a wastewater disposal system (SPAL), waste management, and residential density were significantly associated with healthy housing status (p<0.05). In contrast, a clean water supply was not (p>0.05). Environmental sanitation plays an important role in preventing environment-based diseases.
Efektivitas Larutan Buah Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa blimbi) dalam Menurunkan Angka Kuman pada Sendok Makan Putri Nabila; Nurul Amaliyah; Muhammad Rifqi Maulana
Buletin Keslingmas Vol 45 No 2 (2026): BULETIN KESLINGMAS: VOL. 45 NO. 2 TAHUN 2026
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31983/keslingmas.v45i2.15134

Abstract

Hospital food safety is a crucial aspect of supporting the patient healing process. One frequent source of food contamination originates from unhygienic eating utensils, particularly spoons that come into direct contact with the patient's mouth. The use of plant-based disinfectants, such as bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi L.), which contains antibacterial compounds like flavonoids, has the potential to reduce the germ count on tableware. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of bilimbi fruit solution at various concentrations in reducing the germ count on hospital spoons. This study employed a quasi-experimental method with a post-test-only with control group design. Data analysis using the One-Way ANOVA test yielded a significance value of 0.00 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference in the germ count on spoons across the various concentrations of bilimbi fruit solution: 0% (control), 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%. Further post-hoc testing revealed that the 30% concentration demonstrated the highest efficacy in reducing the germ count on spoons, achieving an effectiveness rate of 97.63%. Future researchers are recommended to conduct studies using different concentration variations of bilimbi fruit solution to achieve an even higher reduction efficiency of germ counts on eating utensils.
Analisa Risiko Pajanan Okupasional Partikulat Dalam Ruang Bahan Bangunan Deddy Alif Utama; Fitriani Sudirman; Syakila Gita Diandra
Buletin Keslingmas Vol 45 No 2 (2026): BULETIN KESLINGMAS: VOL. 45 NO. 2 TAHUN 2026
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31983/keslingmas.v45i2.15146

Abstract

Loading and unloading activities in building material stores generate suspended coarse particulate matter (PM10) emissions, risking respiratory disorders among workers due to inadequate ventilation. This study aimed to evaluate PM10 concentrations, estimate environmental health risk levels (Risk Quotient/RQ), and quantitatively analyze their relationship with the severity of workers' respiratory complaints in Gorontalo City. This cross-sectional observational analytic study utilized an Environmental Health Risk Assessment (EHRA) approach involving 15 workers via total sampling. PM10 concentrations were measured using a Portable Dust Monitor across three work zones: Cement Warehouse, Display Area, and Mixed Material Warehouse. Bivariate data analysis applied Fisher's Exact Test and Spearman Rank correlation. The results demonstrated an extreme concentration disparity where the Cement Warehouse (177.79 µg/m³) significantly exceeded the daily threshold limit of 70 µg/m³ due to a pollutant trap effect, far surpassing the Display Area (11.43 µg/m³) and Mixed Warehouse (11.61 µg/m³). Respiratory complaint prevalence was remarkably high at 93.3% (dominated by sneezing at 60%). Fisher's Exact Test showed no categorical association between risk status and complaint occurrence (p=1.000) due to high baseline prevalence across all zones. However, the Spearman Rank test proved a strong and statistically significant positive correlation between direct PM10 concentrations and respiratory complaint severity (r=0.640; p=0.010). In conclusion, particulate matter triggers mass initial mucosal irritation, but the clinical severity of respiratory disorders is strictly dose-dependent on concentration levels. The high severity of complaints in pollutant trap areas strictly demands engineering controls, specifically Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV), to suppress PM10 concentrations and prevent respiratory deterioration.
Peran Pengetahuan dan Sikap dalam Mewujudkan Kepatuhan Perawat terhadap Pemilahan Sampah Medis Budirman Budirman; Ain Khaer; Rafidah Rafidah; Nurul Yani Aksan
Buletin Keslingmas Vol 45 No 2 (2026): BULETIN KESLINGMAS: VOL. 45 NO. 2 TAHUN 2026
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31983/keslingmas.v45i2.15176

Abstract

Hospitals generate medical solid waste that has the potential to pollute the environment and pose health risks. At Andi Makkasau Regional General Hospital Parepare, the mixing of infectious and non infectious waste is still observed despite the average generation of medical waste reaching 3 tons per month. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between nurses’ knowledge and attitudes and their compliance with medical waste segregation practices. A cross sectional study design was employed involving 51 nurses from the Anggrek and Nusa Indah wards selected through total sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires, observations, and direct interviews and analyzed using the chi square test. The results showed that 35 respondents (68.6%) were compliant with medical waste segregation practices. Most respondents had good knowledge (70.6%) and positive attitudes (84.3%). There was a significant relationship between knowledge and compliance (p = 0.012), as well as between attitude and compliance (p = 0.013). Knowledge and attitude were significantly associated with nurses’ compliance with medical waste segregation practices. Hospitals are encouraged to conduct regular training and supervision programs to improve nurses’ compliance with medical waste segregation procedures.
Efektivitas Formulasi Baiting Buah Bintaro (Cerbera manghas) Terhadap Kematian Tikus Mencit Putih Adila Rizki Hidayah; Nur Utomo; Mela Firdaust; Hari Rudijanto IW; Fauzan Ma'ruf
Buletin Keslingmas Vol 45 No 1 (2026): BULETIN KESLINGMAS: VOL. 45 NO. 1 TAHUN 2026
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31983/keslingmas.v45i1.13408

Abstract

In 2023, Banyumas reported the third-highest leptospirosis cases in Central Java, underscoring the need for effective rodent control. This study evaluates bintaro fruit (Cerbera manghas) as a botanical rodenticide, leveraging its toxic compound, cerberin, known to be lethal to rodents. The objective was to assess the effectiveness of bait formulations containing bintaro fruit on the mortality rate and time of death of albino mice (Mus musculus albino). A true experimental design with a post-test control group was conducted, involving 22 male white mice divided into a control group and four treatment groups (15g, 20g, 25g, and 30g doses), each with five replications. The bait was formulated with fish meal, bran, and candlenut. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Probit regression were used to analyze the effects of dosage on mortality and to estimate the LD₅₀. Results indicated an 80% mortality rate at a 30g dose, with a trend of reduced time to death as dosage increased. However, the Kruskal-Wallis test revealed no significant differences in mortality rate (p = 0.554) or time of death (p = 0.248) among dosage treatments. The Probit regression analysis determined an LD₅₀ value of 18.23 grams. These findings highlight the potential of bintaro fruit as a plant-based rodenticide. Further research is recommended to conduct phytochemical analyses and refine dosage testing.

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