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Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 25409573     EISSN : 25409581     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology (JTBB) is an authoritative source of information concerned with the advancement of tropical biology studies in the Southeast Asia Region. It publishes original scientific work related to a diverse range of fields in tropical biodiversity, functional biology, and biotechnology.
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Articles 20 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 7, No 3 (2022): December" : 20 Documents clear
Morphometric Analysis of Sumatran, Kalimantan, and Javan Cyrtodactylus, which were Labelled as Cyrtodactylus marmoratus, Revealed Undescribed Species Muhammad Alif Fauzi; Awal Riyanto; Nia Kurniawan
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 3 (2022): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.66688

Abstract

Cyrtodactylus marmoratus is originally described based on the specimen from Java. Due to the marbled body colour pattern and the similarity in morphology, many specimens from outside of Java have been identified as C. marmoratus. The ongoing research, both molecular and morphological studies, showed that C. marmoratus is restricted to Java. The taxonomic status of specimens labelled as C. marmoratus from outside Java remains unresolved. Here, we study the morphometric and meristic of Javan, Sumatran, and Kalimantan Cyrtodactylus which were labelled as C. marmoratus to reveal their taxonomic status. We examined 11 morphometric and 19 meristic characters in 51 specimens at Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB) originally from, Java, Sumatra, and Kalimantan labelled as C. marmoratus as well as other recognized species. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) results show that C. marmoratus from Java differs from previous specimens which labelled as C. marmoratus from Sumatra and Kalimantan. The PCA results also show that C. marmoratus from Martabe differs from C. marmoratus Java which is supported by statistical analysis on interorbital, HeadW, HeadD, tubercle on the ventrolateral fold, dorsal tubercle and ventral scales. We hypothesized that Cyrtodactylus from Martabe is a suspected undescribed species-await formal description, and overall molecular analyses are needed for future study. 
Immunonutrition and Hepatoprotectant Aspects of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Nanoemulsion Syrup as an Antituberculosis Adjuvant for Children with Tuberculosis Nyoman Budhi Wirananda Setiawan; Agus Indra Yudhistira Diva Putra; Made Indira Dianti Sanjiwani; Agung Wiwiek Indrayani; Ida Ayu Ika Wahyuniari
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 3 (2022): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.68291

Abstract

Tuberculosis in children is a global health problem that decreases the quality of life of children. Based on data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health in 2016, nearly 69.000 children had tuberculosis and the case keeps increasing every year. Moringa oleifera leaf nanoemulsion syrup has immunonutrition and hepatoprotectant effects in children with tuberculosis. Moringa oleifera leaf nanoemulsion syrup contains proteins, micronutrients, and minerals which have a biological role as an immunity agent and prevent toxic effects of tuberculosis drugs. Until now, the use of Moringa oleifera leaf nanoemulsion syrup has been carried out for the immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective aspects. Immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective aspects will be discussed further in this literature review. The sources of articles in this literature review are pubmed.com, ncbi.com, plosone.com, sciencedirect.com, and googleschoolar.com from 2010-2020, except when there is no new research against the article. The authors searched for the keywords: "immunonutrition", "tuberculosis in children", "hepatoprotectant", and "Moringa oleifera". As an immunomodulator, Moringa oleifera leaf nanoemulsion syrup stimulate activation of polimorphonuclear (PMN) cells. As a hepatoprotectant, Moringa oleifera leaf nanoemulsion syrup work by reducing the side effects of conventional tuberculosis drugs such as rifampicin by suppressing the action of cytochrome p450 (CYP1A2 and CYP2B), thus decreases the production of toxic hydrazine which causes liver toxicity in tuberculosis patient. Seeing the various interests in the immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective aspects, Moringa oleifera leaf nanoemulsion syrup can be used as an adjuvant therapy in overcoming tuberculosis in children by stimulating the activation of immunity cell such as PMN, increasing nutrient absorption, and suppressing the action of cytochrome p450 (CYP1A2 and CYP2B).
The Effectiveness of Stingless Bees on Pollination of Bitter Melon Plants Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) Andi Gita Maulidyah Indraswari Suhri; RC Hidayat Soesilohadi; Ramadhani Eka Putra; Rika Raffiudin; Hery Purnobasuki; Ali Agus; Sih Kahono
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 3 (2022): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.69124

Abstract

This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of stingless bee Tetragonula cf. biroi pollination on the fruit formation of bitter melon Momordica charantia plants. We used hoods on the observed bitter melon plants. In the first hood, stingless bees are inserted to help pollinate 100 bitter melon plants, while in the other hoods, stingless bees are not inserted so that there is no assistance in pollinating the other 100 bitter melon plants. The method used is the focal sampling method for 25 days of observation. Based on the results of the study, stingless bee pollination assistance increased the percentage of the number of flowers that became fruit by 390%, the weight of seeds/fruit by 64%, number of seeds/fruit by 260%, fruit weight by 163%, fruit diameter by 91%, and fruit length by 86%. In addition to the size of the fruit, the shape of the bitter melon pollinated by bees is standard (long and straight). In contrast, the bitter melon that does not get pollination assistance grows with a bent shape resembling the letter "C." Bitter melon is an agricultural commodity that needs pollinating agents such as stingless bees because of its monoecy. 
Effect of Carbon Source Variations on Growth, Physiological Stress, and Saponin Levels of Talinum paniculatum Gaertn. Adventitious Roots Nindi Novia Erin; Arif Yachya; Alfinda Novi Kristanti; Djarot Sugiarso; Yosephine Sri Wulan Manuhara
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 3 (2022): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.69359

Abstract

Monosaccharide and disaccharide as carbon sources can affect the production of secondary metabolites. The study aims to determine the effect of variations in carbon sources on growth, physiological stress, and saponin levels of the adventitious roots of Talinum paniculatum Gaerthn. Adventitious roots are subculture in liquid MS medium treated with various sugars: 3% sucrose, 3% glucose, 3% fructose, 3% lactose, 3% maltose, 3% dextrose, sucrose + fructose (1.5% + 1.5%), sucrose + glucose (1.5% + 1.5%), glucose + fructose (1.5% + 1.5%), sucrose + dextrose (1.5% + 1.5%) for 6 weeks. The results of this study show that the 3% fructose treatment produces the highest fresh and dry biomass, which are 1.30 g and 0.23 g compared to the control. The morphology of adventitious roots in the treatment of carbon source variation is not different from the control treatment. The highest MDA (malondialdehyde) levels are found in the sucrose + fructose treatment (1.5% + 1.5%). Meanwhile, the highest proline levels are found in the 3% maltose treatment. Saponin levels analyzed using thin layer chromatography show the data in the form of color intensity and stain area based on ImageJ software analysis. The 3% fructose treatment shows the highest color intensity and stain area compared to the control. Variations in carbon sources affect physiological stress, biomass, and saponin levels of adventitious roots of T. paniculatum, but do not effect on root morphology.
Autecology of Castanopsis argentea (Blume) A.DC. in Telaga Warna Nature Reserve Area, Bogor Regency Dianti Mayadika Putri; Sulistijorini Sulistijorini; Nina Ratna Djuita
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 3 (2022): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.69903

Abstract

The red list of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) reported Castanopsis argentea as an endangered species. Studies about autecology on its natural habitat become important to perform species conservation. This study aimed to analyze the population structure, distribution pattern, and environmental factors that influence the presence of C. argentea in the Telaga Warna Nature Reserve. Data was collected in September 2020 by making 21 plots with a single plot. The purposive sampling method was used based on C. argentea representatives to determine plot location. Measurement of environmental factors, including soil sampling was carried out on each plot. Population structure was analyzed based on plant density, and Morisita index determined the distribution pattern. Environmental data were analyzed using PCA with Minitab 19 programs. Our field observation showed that C. argentea seedling has the highest density (1071 ind/ha) and decreased in the mature phase. C. argentea was found to have a clumped distribution pattern with an Id value of 1.03. PCA analysis showed differences in environmental factors that were thought to influence the presence of C. argentea individuals in four growth phases. The highest population structure of C. argentea was found in the growth phase of seedlings and saplings at an altitude of 1400 m asl. The spread population distribution of C. argentea was clumped. The influences of environmental variables on the existence of C. argentea were Mg, Ca, CEC, pH, and soil moisture. 
Antifungal Activities of Neobalanocarpus heimii (Cengal) Heartwood Extracts on Trametes versicolor and Coniophora puteana Nur Afiqah Manan; Ismail Jusoh; Furzani Pa'ee
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 3 (2022): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.69942

Abstract

Neobalanocarpus heimii (Cengal) is from the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is a long-lasting wood that is also one of the most robust timbers in the world. This species is native to Peninsular Malaysia and southern Thailand. In this study, the Cengal heartwood was studied concerning the amount of water extractive content with antifungal properties from the Neobalanocarpus heimii. The dilution method was used to test the antifungal properties. Wood meals samples were subjected to the sequential extractive beginning with hexane followed by dichloromethane, methanol and water. The extracts were collected and underwent evaporation by using rotary evaporator to obtain pure crude extract. The antifungal activities were determined using agar dilution method. Two selected fungi Trametes versicolor (T. versicolor) and Coniophora puteana (C. puteana) were used. The antifungal index (%) which compares the diameter of the growth zone for the experimental plate and control plate was calculated. The total percentage of yield from Neobalanocarpus heimii was 0.28%. The highest antifungal index obtained for Trametes versicolor (T. versicolor) was 81.22%, while C. puteana was 43.24%. The crude extracts from Neobalanocarpus heimii were effective in inhibiting the growth of Trametes versicolor and Coniophora puteana. 
In Vitro Culture of Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume Orchid for Seedling Production with Banana Extract Supplementation and Light Treatment for Ex Situ Conservation Dyah Ayu Puspita Arum; Endang Semiarti
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 3 (2022): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.70868

Abstract

In vitro culture is one of the effective cultivation methods for seedling production of orchids that can be used as a powerful tool in the conversation of orchids. The aims of the present study were to (i) investigate the effects of the addition of banana extract (0 g/l, 100 g/l, and 150 g/l) on media (NP media), in two different light regimes (light and dark conditions) on the growth of plantlets of an epiphytic orchid Phalaenopsis amabilis in in vitro culture. Methods used included (i) subculturing orchid seedlings in treatments media, (ii) measuring leaves and roots chlorophyll content and growth parameters, (iii) anatomical preparation of leaves and roots of the seedlings. The results showed that the best condition for getting greater seedlings of P. amabilis plantlets is in media with an addition of 100 g/L banana extract in light condition. The highest amount of chlorophyll in the P. amabilis leaves was found in medium with the addition of 100 g/L banana extract medium in light conditions. The thickness of mesophyll and the largest root diameter of P. amabilis seedlings were also found in media with the addition of 100 g/L banana extract medium in light condition. In conclusion, the addition of 100gr/L banana extract into basic culture medium will be beneficial for seedlings production of P. amabilis with great appearance, for ex situ orchid conservation programs.
The Effect of Nanoparticles of Piper crocatum Leaves Ethanolic Extract on Liver Insulin Receptor Expression of Diabetic Rat’s Induced by Streptozotocin Tri Wahyu Pangestiningsih; Citra Ayu Pramesti; Nusaibah Nuraniyati; Bambang Sutrisno; Agus Purnomo
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 3 (2022): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.71171

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a disease related to hyperglycemia and insulin resistance that can lead to the outcome of chronic liver diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Red betel leaves are known as traditional plants that have anti-hyperglycemic potential. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of red betel leaves nanoparticle (RbL-Nps) on the liver and hepatic insulin receptor’s (INSR) expression in diabetic rats. Thirty rats were included in this study and further divided into five groups containing six rats each. Group I (GI) comprised of the normal rats; while group II (GII), III (GIII), IV (GIV) and V (GV) comprised of diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ) at dose of 45 mg/kg bw and nicotinamide (NA) at dose of 110 mg/kg bw, intraperitoneally. Group I and II were treated with 0,5% Na-CMC orally.  Group III, IV and V were given the oral administration of RbL-Nps at the doses 30, 60, and 90 mg/kg bw diluted in 0,5% Na-CMC, respectively. All groups were treated once daily and subsequently euthanized after 28 days. Liver tissues were collected for immunohistochemistry method to see the INSR expression and haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Result in this study revealed that INSR expression on the GI, GIII and GIV were significantly higher compared to that on the GII (p < 0.05). On the other hand, there were no significant differences on the INSR expression between GV and GII (p > 0.05). Histologically, liver tissues retrieved from GII showed severe vacuolic and necrotic hepatocytes with dilatated sinusoid. Mild vacuolic and necrotic hepatocytes were observed from GV. There were no pathological changes observed in the liver tissues retrieved from GI, GII, and GIV. We concluded that RbL-Nps improved the liver condition of diabetic rats at doses of 30 and 60 mg/kg bw, but not at doses of 90 mg/kg bw.
Review: Current Checklist of Local Names and Utilization Information of Indonesian Wild Mushrooms Ivan Permana Putra; Nicho Nurdebyandaru; Mega Putri Amelya; Rudy Hermawan
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 3 (2022): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.71407

Abstract

Mushrooms have been considered an important part of human life due to their various benefits and potential. In Indonesia, many indigenous people get used to foraging and using wild mushrooms as part of their daily lives. To date, there was no update following prior local name checklist of wild mushroom and their uses in Indonesia. Thus, this review aims to provide the latest work on that information known so far in the country. A literature review was focusing on available publications containing the local names and the use of wild mushrooms in Indonesia. 107 mushrooms in total are known to have 170 local names with 36 of them having more than 1 indigenous name. Some of them: Coprinus spp., Polyporus spp., Schizophyllum commune, Scleroderma spp., Termitomyces spp., and Trametes spp. are known to have 5 local names for each region and ethnicity that uses them. 50 species of mushrooms in total are used as food and traditional medicine. The information was derived from 8 provinces and 8 tribes, of which West Kalimantan Province and Javanese ethnicity contributed to the highest number of it. The number of local names is expected to increase as more investigations are conducted in the near future. 
Evaluation of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Ponyfish Associated Bacteria (Photobacterium leiognathi) Sangeswari Thirukumar; Uthra Selvaraj; Srichandan Rath; Kanchana Shankar; Arumugam Muthuvel
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 3 (2022): December
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.71758

Abstract

The marine environment continues to surprise us by producing novel bioactive substances with a wide range of benefits for humans. Materials and Methods: Marine bioluminescent bacteria Photobacterium leiognathi was isolated from pony fish, Secutorruconius which was confirmed with microscopic and molecular characterization. The secondary metabolite of the isolated bacteria was extracted with dichloromethane. The chemical fingerprinting of the isolated metabolite was analyzed through TLC, FT-IR, and HPLC. The nature of the compound present in the metabolite was identified in the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC - MS). The isolated extract was investigated for its antibacterial property against 10 human pathogenic bacteria and also its antioxidant activity using different assays such as 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, Phosphomolybdenum, Metal chelating, Hydroxyl radical scavenging and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. Results: The Presence of functional groups including phenols, sugars, and amino acids in the extracts were identified by TLC. Totally, nine peaks were obtained for the crude extract through the FTIR spectrum range of 400 to 4000 cm-1 for the active sample. The DCM extract showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against the six human bacterial pathogens. Secondary metabolites from the bioluminescent bacteria, P. leiognathi, have strong antioxidant properties. These results will be instrumental in developing novel products with biosensors and bio-imaging applications using P. leiognathi. 

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