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INDONESIA
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 25409573     EISSN : 25409581     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology (JTBB) is an authoritative source of information concerned with the advancement of tropical biology studies in the Southeast Asia Region. It publishes original scientific work related to a diverse range of fields in tropical biodiversity, functional biology, and biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 21 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 9, No 2 (2024): June" : 21 Documents clear
Growth and Development of Winged Bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) Treated with Paclobutrazol Wijayanti, Jihan Sekar; Dewi, Kumala
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 9, No 2 (2024): June
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.86238

Abstract

Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) is one of the tropical legumes commonly grown for vegetable in Indonesia. Winged bean is a kind of plants that growth on vine so that for cultivation it requires stakes or awnings. It is known that paclobutrazol is a growth retardant that acts by inhibiting gibberellin biosynthesis and application of paclobutrazol could make plant become semidwarf or even dwarf. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of paclobutrazol on growth, development, some phytochemicals content and yield of winged bean plants. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one factor, namely paclobutrazol, which was applied at four different concentrations, namely 0 ppm (control), 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 75 ppm or 100 ppm. Three replicates were made for each treatment. The results showed that paclobutrazol significantly decreased plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, number of pods per plant, pod length, fresh weight of fruit, levels of vitamin C and protein in the pods, but increased the leaf chlorophyll content and stomata density on the abaxial (lower) leaf surfaces. Paclobutrazol showed its effect on accelerating flowering time at a concentration of 50 ppm.  
Morphological Variation of Diospyros spp. Native to Sulawesi Based on Vegetative Organ Characters Wulandari, Aprilia Ayu; Khotimperwati, Lilih; Wanda, Irvan Fadli
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 9, No 2 (2024): June
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.86597

Abstract

Researchers about Diospyros have not extensively conducted studies on the morphological characteristics to enhance information for taxonomic hierarchy purposes. Diospyros in Indonesia has great potential for in-depth research due to its unique characteristics, particularly in Sulawesi. This research aims to fill the knowledge gap regarding investigating phenotypic variations in Diospyros, specifically in the Sulawesi region. Nine species of Diospyros from the BBG collection will be observed and described for their morphological characteristics. The results indicate 25 variations of 50 characters in morphological characteristics. Variations in morphological characters can suggest that each species adapts to the surrounding environmental conditions.
First Report of Cladosporium dominicanum Zalar, de Hoog & Gunde-Cim. Infecting Whitefly on Ornamental Plants in Bali, Indonesia Sudiarta, I Putu; Sugiarta, Dwi; Selangga, Dewa Gede Wiryangga; Wirya, Gusti Ngurah Alit Susanta; Gargita, I Wayan Diksa; Yuliadhi, Ketut Ayu; Klett, Katrina
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 9, No 2 (2024): June
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.86865

Abstract

As natural enemies, entomopathogenic fungi are essential for controlling certain plant pests, such as whitefly. Many types of entomopathogenic fungi can infect whiteflies, including those from the genera Aschersonia, Metarhizium, Beauveria, and Cladosporium. Currently, there is great interest in using entomopathogenic fungi as an environmentally friendly pest control in organic and sustainable agricultural systems. This study aimed to identify entomopathogenic fungus associated with whiteflies. Identification of entomopathogenic fungus was performed morphologically and molecularly using DNA barcoding with ITS-1 and ITS-4 as primers, in addition to sequencing and phylogenetic tree analysis. Whiteflies infected with entomopathogenic fungus were discovered on ornamental plants (Premna serratifolia, Ficus religiosa, and Ficus rumphii) in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia from January to March 2023. We found that samples from the field had mycelium that was unbranched or sparingly branched with solitary conidiophores arising terminally from ascending hyphae or laterally from plagiotropous hyphae. Samples from PDA media had ramoconidia with darkened septa, straight and conidia in long branched chains, branching in all directions, conidia were obovoid, ovoid to limoniform. The fungal colonies had the characteristics of being grey-olivaceous, olivaceous-black, and the margins were grey-livaceous to white, gray olivaceous in colony center due to abundant sporulation. In addition, based on the BLAST nucleotide sequence from NCBI GenBank, the insect pathogen phylogenetic tree found in Denpasar, Bali, is in the same clade as Cladosporium dominicanum strain SCAU014, accession number KY827344.1. Based on morphological and molecular analysis the fungus that infects whiteflies on ornamental plants is C. dominicanum.
Composition and Conservation Status of Avifauna in Urban Non-protected Important Bird Area (IBA) Site of Western India Makwana, Vishal M.; Khatsuriya, Prakruti A.; Matli, Aamir G.; Dodia, Pravinsang P.
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 9, No 2 (2024): June
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.87311

Abstract

Kumbharwada wetland, an Important Bird Area (IBA) component in Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India, is a crucial wintering ground for migratory birds. Long-term monitoring of the avian community over a period of long time-frame is an excellent way to examine the health of this IBA site and thus provide an important ground to foster the conservation of birds in the region and management of this wetland. Given this consideration, field surveys were carried out from December 2020 to May 2023, following point count method to study the avian species richness in the study area. A total of 204 bird species belonging to 20 orders and 56 families are recorded, of which 85 species are migratory and 119 are resident. Anatidae is the most species-rich avian family (16 species). Highest number of species was recorded in the month of January (165 species in 2021 and 163 species in 2022). This wetland supports 107 (52.45%) wetland-associated species and 97 (47.55%) terrestrial species of birds. Twelve species are considered as Near Threatened, four species as Vulnerable and one species (Aquila nipalensis) as Endangered in IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Four species (Sterna aurantia, Mycteria leucocephala, Phoeniconaias minor, and Threskiornis melanocephalus) with globally declining trend, are commonly seen in the study area, which shows that the wetland is a crucial habitat for bird species with high conservation priorities. Industrialization, encroachment, discharge of sewage water and chemical effluents, high-tension powerlines, stray dogs, and expansion of exotic vegetation remained the major threats to the habitat and avian community. 
In Vitro Seed Germination and Shoot Growth of Nepenthes jamban Chi. C. Lee, Hernawati & Akhriadi, A Unique Pitcher Plant from Indonesia Prawestri, Apriliana Dyah; Rahayu, Resa Sri; Kurniajati, Wulan Septiningtyas; Sunardi, Sunardi; Mansur, Muhammad
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 9, No 2 (2024): June
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.87674

Abstract

The study to optimize in vitro propagation of the Indonesian native and critically endangered species, Nepenthes jamban, in order to support the ex-situ conservation efforts has been done.  Using Murashige and Skoog (MS) as a basal media, disinfected seeds of N. jamban were germinated on five types of germination media, viz. ¼ MS, ½ MS, MS, ¼ MS+benzyl adenine (BA)+Biotin and MS+BA+Biotin. Afterwards, in vitro shoots with 6-7 leaves were inoculated on growing media, i.e., ¼ MS, ¼ MS 60 (3:1) (MS modification with a higher concentration of nitrogen), and ¼ MS+naphtalene acetic acid (NAA)+BA. The results showed that the germination of N. jamban seeds was slow, indicated by the percentage of germination being less than 20% after 6 months of being planted on germination media. The highest percentage of germination was after the 6th month and the greatest pitcher development at the 10th month were obtained on ¼ MS medium. Furthermore, shoot growth and pitchers development consistently increased for 12 months in ¼ MS 60 (3:1) medium while other media resulted in a decrease in pitcher formation. It seemed that low concentrations of nutrient in the medium proved to be more effective to induce in vitro seed germination and enhance shoot growth which was also supported by higher nitrogen (nitrate) concentration in the medium. This study provides information that supports ex situ conservation action of native and critically endangered Nepenthes species from Indonesia. 
The Complete Chloroplast Genome of Medinilla tapete-magicum (Melastomataceae) from Sulawesi, Indonesia Priyadi, Arief; Kuswandi, Paramita Cahyaningrum; Yulianti, Evy; Pratiwi, Risha Amilia; Asih, Ni Putu Sri
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 9, No 2 (2024): June
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.87932

Abstract

In this study, the genome of an endemic Sulawesi’s plant, Medinilla tapete-magicum was sequenced using Illumina NextSeq 500 and assembled the whole chloroplast genome. Results showed that the cpGenome is 155,602 bp in size with typical quadripartite structure of a large single copy (LSC) region (85,409 bp), a short single copy (SSC) region (16,629 bp), and a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) regions (26,782 bp). The cpGenome is composed of 132 genes, which consists of 87 protein coding genes, 37 tRNAs, and 8 rRNAs. The sliding window analyses showed that psbB-psbH and ndhF-rpl32 can potentially be used as markers. Microsatellite motifs of mononucleotide A and T dominated in the cpGenome. The phylogenetic trees from the concatenated 76 shared protein coding gene sequences showed the Medinilla clade was monophyletic and M. tapete-magicum is a sister species in the SE Asian clade which contain M. magnifica and M. speciosa. 
Diversity and Phenetic Relationship of Mountain Papaya (Vasconcellea Pubescens) in Dieng Plateau Based on Morphological Marker Rifqi, Muhammad Said; Chasani, Abdul Razaq
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 9, No 2 (2024): June
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.88061

Abstract

Vasconcellea pubescens A. DC., commonly referred to as mountain papaya, belongs to the Caricaceae family and is native to the Andean highlands.  In Indonesia, mountain papaya can be found on the Dieng Plateau and has become one of the typical processed products from the Dieng area. The aim of the study is to explore the diversity and phenetic relationship of mountain papaya from the Dieng Plateau based on morphological markers. This study is important to provide information in guiding future conservation efforts. 18 samples were collected from three areas with different altitudes in the Dieng Plateau. In addition, it proved valuable results by elucidating patterns of variation, enabling the identification of distinct groups. A total of 18 samples were collected from three areas with varying altitudes in the Dieng Plateau. Morphological analysis used 22 characters with The Clustering Analysis Method, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Diversity Analysis using Multivariate Statistical Package (MVSP) software version 3.1A. The results of cluster analysis showed that mountain papaya accessions were grouped into two main clusters and five sub-clusters. Cluster grouping based on sex distribution characters, flower stalk length, and inflorescence density; there is no grouping based on geographical location or altitude. The Shannon's Index Value (H') for mountain papaya shows moderate phenetic diversity. This suggests that the mountain papaya community remains stable within its substrate and its environmental parameters. 
Composition and Diversity of Dragonflies (Odonata) in Several Habitat Types in Lumajang Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia Susanto, Muhamad Azmi Dwi; Millah, Najmatul; Leksono, Amin Setyo; Gama, Zulfaidah Penata
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 9, No 2 (2024): June
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.88469

Abstract

Lumajang is one of the regency in East Java Province that has various types of freshwater ecosystems and have great potential as habitats for various insects, especially dragonflies. Dragonflies are insects that mostly live aquatically, so their existence is highly dependent on the condition of aquatic ecosystems. This study aims to compare the composition and diversity of dragonfly species in various habitat types in Lumajang. The study was conducted in lentic and lotic ecosystems in Lumajang. The method used was the Visual Encounter Survey (VES) technique adapted from the sweeping net. The data analysis used to determine differences in dragonfly species composition was the Bray-Curtis similarity analysis, while diversity analysis was conducted using the Shannon-Wiener index. This study recorded 29 species from seven families, including seven endemic dragonfly species found only on several islands in Indonesia. In the analysis of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, the results show that in all research locations have a value of H'= 1.07‒2.11, where the Rice Field habitat is the location with the highest value among other locations, with a value of H' = 2.11. The similarity analysis of dragonfly species composition using Bray Curtis similarity showed that it was divided into three groups. The composition of dragonflies found in several habitats in Lumajang is different, which can be influenced by many factors such as site elevation, habitat type (lentic or lotic), and habitat condition, as well as several other factors such as microclimate and vegetation (related to food availability). 
Microbial Count and AvBD10 Expressions in Ovaries and Oviducts of Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan (KUB)-1 Chickens Following Intravaginally CpG-ODN and S. Enteritidis Suryohastari, Raden Rara Bhintarti; Sumarsono, Sony Heru; Giri-rachman, Ernawati Arifin; Edi, Suryo Purnomo; Sukoco, Rinto; Wicaksana, Dwi Nawang
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 9, No 2 (2024): June
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.88750

Abstract

Indonesia boasts diverse native chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) known for more disease resistance in comparison to broiler chicken, and Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan (KUB)-1 is designated as Indonesia's superior breed. Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) is associated with salmonellosis, a foodborne illness that can be transmitted by transovarial, wherein colonisation in the oviduct ascends to the ovaries. However, studies mimicking transovarial salmonellosis via intravaginal treatment of chicken have been limited. Meanwhile, Cytosine-phosphate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) stimulation has been known to induce avian β-defensins (AvBDs). This in vivo study aimed to determine the effects of intravaginal CpG-ODN treatment and SE challenged on microbial count and AvBD10 expression regarding the potential of intravaginally CpG-ODN to enhance innate immunity as an alternative approach against transovarial Salmonellosis. A total of 39 KUB-1 chickens were divided into four groups: T1 (CpG-ODN treatment), T2 (SE treatment), T3 (CpG-ODN treatment + challenged with SE), and C (Control). Observation was carried out from day 1 to day 4 post-intravaginal (PI). We found a significant increase in ovarian microbial count (p≤0.05). Notably, ovaries and oviducts remained uncontaminated post-SE challenge. Intravaginal CpG-ODN treatment significantly upregulated AvBD10 in both ovaries (p=0.016) and oviducts (p=0.023). Therefore, KUB-1 chickens exhibit SE immunity, and intravaginal CpG-ODN administration holds promise for preventing transovarial Salmonellosis in laying hens. 
The First Report of the Occurrence of the Root Mealybug Ripersiella multiporifera Jansen (2008) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Rhizoecidae) in Indonesia Devi, Komang Saraswati; Sudiarta, I Putu; Sunari, Anak Agung Ayu Agung Sri; Wirya, Gusti Ngurah Alit Susanta; Devi, Putu Shinta; Eka Wijayanti, Febri
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 9, No 2 (2024): June
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.89662

Abstract

Ripersiella multiporifera is a root mealybug species within the family Rhizoecidae that has distinctive bitubular pores on the dorsal and ventral. This species was first discovered by Jansen (2008) in the Netherlands during an import interception of Sansevieria sp. from Indonesia and Hoya kerrii from Thailand. This species was also found during inspections in Sicily (Italy) on the roots of Sansevieria trifasciata. In Indonesia, there are no reports of the existence of R. multiporifera, emphasising the need for research on its presence. This work was conducted the morphological method based on modified determination key and the molecular method based on MtCOI gene. The identified species was R. multiporifera, and this finding represents the first evidence of R. multiporifera's presence in Bali (Indonesia) which can be used as a reference for future research, especially in population control approaches. 

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