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INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 23389427 EISSN : 23389486 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology

Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy (ISSN-e: 2338-9486, ISSN-p: 2338-9427), formerly Majalah Farmasi Indonesia (ISSN: 0126-1037). The journal had been established in 1972, and online publication was begun in 2008. Since 2012, the journal has been published in English by Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) Yogyakarta Indonesia in collaboration with IAI (Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia or Indonesian Pharmacist Association) and only receives manuscripts in English. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy is Accredited by Directorate General of Higher Education (DGHE) DIKTI No. 58/DIKTI/Kep/2013.

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Articles 8 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol 17 No 3, 2006" : 8 Documents clear

The antifungal activity test of ointment and cream preparations of ”ketapang” (Terminalia cattapa L.) leaf on rabbit’s skin Elinah Yuli Sukandar; Asep Gana Suganda; Gemi Utami Pertiwi
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 17 No 3, 2006
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) leaves has been used traditionally as skin infectious disease medicine, therefore ethanolic extract of ketapang leaves was formulated in ointment and cream preparations to be tested against fungi causing dermatomycosis i.e. Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The antifungal activity of both preparations was been tested in Trichophyton mentagrophytes infected rabbit’s skin. Result showed that ointment and cream containing 10 % extract were active against the fungi compared to the control. Healing occured on day 11.0 ± 3.0 in ointment treated rabbits, and ointment on day 12.7 ± 3.5 in cream treated rabbits, whereas in control healing occured on day 16.7 ± 6.6. Skin iritation index and eye irritation scores for ointment were 0.33 (maximum score 3) and 9.95 (maximum score 110) respectively, whereas those for the cream were 0.71 and 15.69, respectively.Key words: antifungal, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, ointment, Cream.

Synthesis of 4-phenyl-3,4-tetrahydro-indeno [2,1]-pyrimidin-2-one (LR-1) Ritmaleni, Ritmaleni; Nurcahyani, Wahyu
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 17 No 3, 2006
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

The synthetic compound 4-phenyl-3,4-tetrahydro-indeno[2,1]- pyrimidin-2-one 20a (LR-1) was synthesised using Biginelli reaction method. The reaction involved benzaldehyde 6, 2-indanone 2 and urea 7 in acid condition. This condensation reaction yielded 15 % of the product 20, at 133,4-135,0oC of melting point and 0.15 (Et2O : CHCl3 = 1 : 3) of RfÂ value.Keywords : benzaldehyde, indenone-2, urea

Cost analysis of Diabetes mellitus therapy in Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta Aisyah, Tri Murti
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Vol 17 No 3, 2006
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder that has been recognized by Indonesian government as a major public health problem with far reaching consequences not just for its adverse impact on the health of Indonesian, but also for the economic burden it places on the health care systems. The objective of this study was to describe the therapeutic cost of outpatient diabetes mellitus type 2.A descriptive study was performed on patient who were admitted to the Department of Endocrinology of the Sardjito Hospital between July and August 2005. Patient were included if they were ambulatory during the time of the study. Exclusion criteria were patients with any other diseases. Only direct medical cost was considered (perspective from hospital). Direct costs to this analysis were cost of drugs, visit to the physician, laboratory examinations, and cost of diabetes-related complications and concomitant therapies.From the 100 examined patients, 44 percent were females and 56 percent were males. The average age of the patients was 60.75 ranging from 41 to 85 years of age. The average total costs per patient per month was Rp 208,500 with a maximum to be Rp 754,500. The largest cost was drug acquisition costs (59.5%), followed by cost of diabetes-related complications (31%). The control of blood glucose using combination therapy was more frequently attained in patients taking sulfonylurea and biguanid (44.62%). The combination of biguanid, Î±-glucosidase inhibitor, and insulin had the greatest expense, equal to Rp.571,000. Hypertension, neuropathy, and hyperlipidemia were the most frequently mentioned complications diseases. The cost for diabetes-related complication included hypertension and retinopathy had the greatest expense, equals to Rp 754,500.Key words: cost-identification, diabetes mellitus, Dr. Sardjito hospital

Determination of antioxidant activity of dehydrozingerone through hydroxy radical scavengers using deoxyribosa method Agung Endro Nugroho; Nunung Yuniarti; Enade Perdana Estyastono; Supardjan .; Lukman Hakim
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 17 No 3, 2006
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Dehydrozingerone (4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-buten-2-one) is an analog of curcumin which is termed as half-curcumin. The compound is isolated from ginger (Zingiber officinale). Nevertheless, this compound still has a phenolic hydroxy moiety responsible for antioxidant activity. The research was performed to obtain information on the antioxidant activity of dehydrozingerone through hydroxy radical scavengers.The study was performed according to a hydroxy radical scavenging procedur. In this method, reaction between hydroxy radical, resulted from phenton reaction, and deoxyribosa produces malonedealdehyde. Incubation in thiobarbituric acid at low pH produced violet-coloured solution (complex MDA-TBA).The results showed that dehydrozingerone has antioxidant activity through hydroxy radical scavengers with ES15 value of 48.36 μM. The antioxidant activity of dehydrozingerone was lower than curcumin, with ES15 value of 25.01 μM. Besides, exchange of phenolic hydroxy moiety by salting with potassium could deplete its antioxidant activity. Based on these facts, it can be concluded that phenolic hydroxy moiety of dehydrozingerone was important for its antioxidant activity through hydroxy radical scavengers.Key words : dehydrozingerone, curcumin, antioxidant, radical hydroxy, Zingiber

Immunostimulant activity of soybean milk against immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA) and lymphocyte cells proliferation of Balb/c mice induced hepatitis A Ediati Sasmito; Sri Mulyaningsih; Eka Kartika Untari; Ratna Widyaningrum
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 17 No 3, 2006
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Soybean milk contains of isoflavon aglycon as genestein and rich of proteins. The genestein of soybean milk potentially has antitumor/anticancer, antivirus, antiallergic activities and immunity responses. The aim of this research was to evaluate the immunostimulant activity of soybean milk against immunoglobulin (IgG and IgA) and lymphocyte cells proliferation in Balb/c mice induced by hepatitis A. The test was done at 3 groups of 5 Balb/c mice. Each group was consummed orally with soybean milk(group I) dose of 0.7mL/20g/BW, levamisole (group II, as positif control) dose of 0,45 mg/0.7mL/20g/BW, and water (group III, as negative control) dose of 0.7mL/20g/BW, once a day, through out of the research. On the day of 7, 28 and boostered on the day of 43, all groups were induced intra peritoneally by hepatitis A dose of 5.24 IU/20g/BW. The serum were collected from plexus retroorbitalis by heparinized cappilary on the day of 14, 35 and 46, for IgG and IgA measured by ELISA method, and then the mice were sacrificed to isolate the lymphocytes of spleen. The lymphocyte cells proliferation measured by MTT-reduction method. The result shown that IgG and IgA increased significantly (p<0,05) against levamisole and water at the day-46, but did not increase significantly (p>0,05) against lymphocyte cells proliferation concerning with soybean milk consumed. It can be concluded that the immunostimulatory activity soybean milk was against humoral immunity, instead of seluler immunity.Key words : soybean milk, immunoglobulin, lymphocyte cells, hepatitis A, levamisole

Optimization of theophylline sustained release tablet formula with HPMC, CMC Na and xanthan gum as matrix component Agus Siswanto; Sri Sulihtyowati Soebagyo
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 17 No 3, 2006
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Theophylline has a relatively short half-life (8,1 jam) with a narrow therapeutic window (10 – 20 μg/mL). Sustained-release formulation can produce more uniform serum concentrations with less fluctuation in peaktrough levels. The physical properties of tablet mass and the release profileof drug from hydrophilic matrices are influenced by properties of matrix components, i.e. HPMC (gelling agent), CMC-Na (did not show initial burst release), and xanthan gum (free flowing).The research was done with simplex lattice design (SLD) by using 3 component, i.e. HPMC (A), CMC-Na (B), and xanthan gum (C). Seven formula were obtained that are F1 (100% A), F2 (100% B), F3 (100% C), F4 (50% A & 50% B), F5 (50% B & 50% C), F6 (50% A & 50% C), dan F7 (33,33% A, 33,33% B, 33,33% C). The Optimization parameters of theophylline sustained-release were flow rate of the tablet mass, the compactibility of the tablet mass, and the release rate of theophylline.Based on SLD model; equations, contour plots, and superimposed of contour plots were obtained, by which the optimum formula was determined.Xanthan gum was the most dominant factor in increasing flowability and compactibility of theophylline tablet mass. HPMC was the most dominant factor in decreasing the dissolution rate of theophylline. The most dominant interaction effect to increase flowability and compactibility was the interaction of HPMC, CMC-Na, and xanthan gum. The most dominant interaction effect to increase correlation coefficient of zero order kinetics was the interaction HPMC and CMC-Na. Based on the superimposed contour plots, tablet formula consisting of HPMC (2,3 %), CMC-Na (18,6 %), and xanthan gum (79,1 %) is the optimum tablet formula.Key words: theophylline, HPMC, CMC-Na, xanthan gum, sustained-release

Three resveratrolâs oligomers from the stem bark of H. gregaria (dipterocarpaceae) and their toxicity and citotoxicity ., Sahidin; Hakim, Euis H.; Syah, Yana M.; Juliawaty, Lia D.; Achmad, Sjamsul A.; Latip, Jalifah
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Vol 17 No 3, 2006
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

Three resveratrol oligomers have been isolated from the stem bark of H. gregaria including a resveratrol trimer i.e. Î±-viniferin (1), and two resveratrol tetramers i.e. vaticanol B (2) and hopeaphenol (3). These structures were determined by spectroscopic evidence including UV, IR, 1H , 13C NMR and compared with that of the reported data in the literatures. Activities of the compounds were determined toward brine shrimp Artemia salina (toxicity) and murine leukemia P-388 cells (cytotoxicity). The compound 1 is the most active against A. salina (LC50 = 49,0 Â± 5,8 Î¼g/mL), and the compound 3 has very active level toward murine leukemia P-388 cells (LC50 = 5,7 Â± 0,3 Î¼M).Key words : Resveratrol oligomers, H. gregaria, toxicity, and cytotoxicity.

Antioxidant activities, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of ethyl acetate extract of Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia, L) fruit and its fractions Rohman, Abdul; Riyanto, Sugeng; Utari, Diah
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Vol 17 No 3, 2006
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Skip Utara, 55281, Indonesia

This present study was carried out to evaluate antioxidant activities, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of ethyl acetate extract of Mengkudu fruit and its fractions. Ethyl acetate extract was fractionated by column chromatography and yielded 15 fractions based on the identical TLC (thin layer chromatography) profile.Antioxidant activities in ethyl acetate extract and its fractions were determined by radical scavenging assay using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl) radical. The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were determined spectrophotometrically.Among 15 fractions of ethyl acetate extract evaluated, fraction 8 (IC50 5,49 Î¼g/mL) and fraction 7 (IC50 7,90 Î¼g/mL) revealed antioxidant activities that higher than that of vitamin E (IC50 8,27 Î¼g/mL). The total phenolic contents ranged from 5.94 Â± 0.08 to 36.52 Â± 0.35 g of gallic acid equivalent/100 gram dry material whereas the total flavonoid contents ranged from 1.19 Â± 0.02 to 17.65 Â± 0.17 g of quercetin equivalent/100 gram dry material.A linier positive relationship existed between the antioxidant activities and total phenolic contents of the tested ethyl acetate extract and its fractions y = -1.220x + 44.022; r2 = 0.67, while the correlation between antioxidant activities and total flavonoid contents revealed a linier regression y = -2.202 x + 35.82; r2 = 0.4278.Key words: antioxidant activity, Morinda citrifolia, L, Fraction

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