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Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 20875517     EISSN : 25274376     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science
The Journal of Tropical Life Science (JTLS) provides publication of full-length papers, short communication and review articles describing of new finding or theory in living system, cells and molecular level in tropical life science and related areas. The journal publishes articles that report novel findings of wide Tropical Life system phenomenon in the areas of biodiversity, agriculture, fisheries, health, husbandry, forestry and environmental technology. JTLS has 1 volume with 3 issues per year.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,001 Documents
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Ethnobotanical Investigation for Conserving Home Gardens Plants Species in Tambakrejo Sumbermanjing Wetan, Southern of Malang Ratih Nila Pamungkas; Luchman Hakim
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 3 No. 2 (2013)
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Abstract

In developed countries, traditional knowledge of indigenous people is being widely threatened by current trends of economic globalization especially in destination tourism area such as Tambakrejo village, Sumbermanjing Wetan, Malang. This region includes Sempu Island as well as proposed protected area. Investigation aims were to know diversity of plants species that arranged home garden, used value of each plant species using ethnobotany indexes, and also to describe their methods of preparation and use of the significant plant. The study represents the first step to documenting significant utilitized of the species plant in home garden based on indigenous knowledge before it disappears. Data were collected by depth and semi structured interviews. Informations were about traditional uses of wild plants also cultivated ones. All the collected data were filled in a analytical table and for easier, data was grouped into ten categories, then continued with detailed of use. Data was calculated by using synthetic indexes, those are Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) and Cultural Importance Index (CI). One hundred and one plants were cited by the informants as being traditionally used in the area. These 100 ethnospecies belonging to 45 families. From 10 categories, most of them concerning allimentary, medical and economic plants. For the allimentary plants, 316 citation, 58 species and 5 different uses were recorded. While for the medical plants, there were 63 citations, 22 species and 4 different uses categories. A few plants species for others categories like erotion control. The study shows that traditional uses for plants especially at home garden still survives as part of the cultural heritage of the community, economic and also for daily activity. Keywords:Ethnobotanical, Home garden, Traditional knowledge
Reduction of Cadmium Uptake of Rice Plants Using Soil Amendments in High Cadmium Contaminated Soil: A Pot Experiment Dian Siswanto; Parinda Suksabye; Paitip Thiravetyan
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 3 No. 2 (2013)
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Abstract

The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of agricultural residues on reducing cadmium uptake in rice plants. The rice plants growing on no cadmium/free cadmium soils (N), Cd soils (Cds), and Cd soils each amended with 1% w/w of coir pith (CP), coir pith modified with sodium hydroxide (CPm) and corncob (CC) under high cadmium contaminated soil with an average 145 mg Cd kg-1 soil were investigated. The results showed that the cumulative transpiration of rice grown in various treatments under high cadmium contaminated soil followed the order: Cds > CPm ≥ CP ≥ CC. These transpirations directly influenced cadmium accumulation in shoots and husks of rice plants. The CC and CP seemed to work to reduce the cadmium uptake by rice plants indicated by accumulated cadmium in the husk that were 2.47 and 7.38 mg Cd kg-1 dry weight, respectively. Overall, transpiration tended to drive cadmium accumulation in plants for rice grown in high cadmium contaminated soil. The more that plants uptake cadmium, the lower cadmium that remains in the soil. Keywords: Transpiration, Cadmium Uptake, Rice plant, Agricultural Residues
The Spread of Non-native Plant Species Collection of Cibodas Botanical Garden into Mt. Gede Pangrango National Park Musyarofah Zuhri; Zaenal Mutaqien
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 3 No. 2 (2013)
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Abstract

The role of botanic garden in spread of non-native plant species has concerned of international worldwide. This study aimed to study the extent of non-native plant species from Cibodas Botanical Garden (CBG) which invades into natural rainforest. A line transect was made edge-to-interior with 1,600 m in distance from CBG boundary. Result showed that distance from CBG was not significant in correlation with non-native tree and treelet density. Furthermore, presence of existing CBGs plant collection was not a single aspect which influenced presence and abundance. Three invasive species possibly was escape from CBG and it showed edge-to-interior in stems density, i.e. Cinchona pubescens, Calliandra calothyrsus and Cestrum aurantiacum. The patterns of non-native species were influenced by presence of ditch across transect, existence of human trail, and the other non-native species did not have general pattern of spread distribution. Overall, botanical gardens should minimize the risk of unintentional introduced plant by perform site-specific risk assessment.
Anatomical and Cytological Features of Spathoglottis plicata from Java Island Tatik Chikmawati
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 3 No. 2 (2013)
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Spathoglottis plicata is a ground orchid that displays large variation in flower features. In spite of large variation on morphological characters, its anatomical and cytological characters are not well known. This paper described the leaf anatomical and chromosomal features of S. plicata. Leaf anatomy was observed from both transverse and paradermal sections of leaves. Chromosome numbers were observed from root tip cells. Epidermis of all S. plicata variants comprised of two cell shapes, the rectangle cells located above veins, while the polygonal one located in between veins. Stomatal type was brachitetracyclic, which were only found on lower epidermis. Leaf transversal section comprised of one layer of upper and lower epidermis, spongy mesophyll, and vascular tissue. The number of leaf hair varied depended on the original habitat and altitute. All variants of S. plicata had same chromosome number (2n=40).
Do fish have rights in artisanal fisheries? Moshood Mustapha
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 3 No. 3 (2013)
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Abstract

Artisanal fishers in developing world are unaware that fish are capable of suffering or discomfort, though researches have shown that fish do feel pain. Five fish welfare domains have been identified which constitute their rights in their environment. The needs of wild fish are usually provided in their natural, undisturbed and unperturbed aquatic environment, of which the fish will prefer. However, various anthropogenic activities by humans (including artisanal fisheries itself) and some natural perturbations in the watershed, riparian zone, water body of the fish habitat and on the fish tend to take away these needs thereby compromising the fish welfare. These activities include environmental degradation, boat/canoe building, use of motorized engine boats/canoes, use of active and passive fishing gears, obnoxious cultural, religious and social fishing practices, fish harvesting, handling and processing among others. One way to understand the welfare needs of an individual fish is to understand its biology. Poor welfare conditions could then be assessed by how far the individual fish has deviated from the normal conditions. Non-intrusive signs based on the health, behavior, morphological anomalies, swimming, reduction in population and growth, outbreak of parasitic infections, injuries and loss of condition can be used to assess fish whose welfare has been compromised. Artisanal fishers should not only be concerned with catch, but, also the welfare of the fish being caught. This is because if the welfare of the fish is compromised, it is going to definitely affect the catch. As indispensable as fish is to humans, humans should not derive its pleasure at the expense of fish suffering. Human activities that impinge on the welfare of wild fish may not necessarily be stopped, but at least minimized in order to have continued sustainable artisanal exploitation of the fisheries. Keywords: welfare, artisanal fisheries, developing world, stress, behaviour, feel, habitat
Response of Oil Palm Varieties to Aluminium Stress Nanang Supena
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 4 No. 1 (2014)
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Abstract

Aluminum (Al) will be toxic to plants when soil is very acid. Soil reaction on acid condition tends to turn Al into trivalent cation (Al3+) disturbing the function of the root end cells in doing the division and elongating the function. Today, the study of Al stress on crop trees as oil palm is very little. This research was aimed to study the growth of oil palm varieties in growing media treated Al stress. The experiment was conducted in the screen house using a randomized block design with two treatments, oil palm varieties and concentrations of Al. Varieties consisted of five oil palm progenies (OPP) i.e. PPKS239, PPKS540, PPKS718, Simalungun, and Dumpy. They were planted into the sterile sand medium in the form of sprouts and Al was treated with five different concentrations, 0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 ppm. Al was applied at the same time in the plant from 4 to 12 weeks after planting. Observations were conducted on several morphological and physiological variables at shoots and roots. The results showed a significant interaction between varieties and Al on the length of primary roots and reducing sugar content. The average of reducing sugar content was 24% less from control than it was when treated by Al 300 ppm. Simalungun varieties had more tolerant to Al than others. The length of Simalungun primary roots was more stable when the concentration of Al was 300 ppm whereas PPKS718 and PPKS540 varieties were decreased 24.3 and 12.4% respectively. The tolerance of Simalungun was also marked from reducing sugar content which was lower than other varieties. According to Koch (2004), the low content of reducing sugar when given Al was an indication of plant resistance mechanisms against Al toxicity where the number of sugar was transported from roots to the shoots for immobilizing Al. Consequently, it decreased sugar content in the shoot.
Study of Arthropod Communities in A Virginia Tobacco Agro-Ecosystem Ruth Stella Thei; Abdul Latief Abadi; Gatot Mudjiono; Didik Suprayogo
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 3 No. 2 (2013)
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Abstract

The cultivation of tobacco is one of users of agro-chemical substances such as insecticides, herbi-cides, defoliants, and fertilizers among other food crops and plants with high economical value. The use of these chemicals may bring negative effects regarding the richness and abundance of arthropods. The study of arthropod community in the Virginia tobacco ecosystem was carried out in Central Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara Province, during the 2010 plantation year. It was aimed at finding the composition, structure, and dynamic of the arthropod diversity around the tobacco field. Samples were obtained by using trapping techniques (pitfall traps, yellow-pan traps, and sweep net). The number of arthropods found in Virginia tobacco field are 69, consisting of 65 species of insects (belonging to 46 families and 8 orders) and 4 species of spiders (belonging to 4 families). The majority of insects found was Hymenoptera, dominated by bees. Based on the ecological functions, the major group of arthro-pods documented was phytophagous (20 species), mostly Coleoptera and Orthoptera. Yet, the number of predators was relatively more abundant than that of the phytophagous. The number of kinds of ar-thropods commonly interacting around the field fluctuated during the growing period, while in the cultivation period the number decreased. The diversity of the species (H) and the ratio of abundance of the natural enemies and phytophagous in the field was high.
APPLICATION OF WATER QUALITY AND ECOLOGY INDICES OF BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE TO EVALUATE WATER QUALITY OF TERTIARY IRRIGATION IN MALANG DISTRICT Desi Kartikasari
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 3 No. 3 (2013)
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This research aims to determine the water quality of tertiary irrigation in several subdistricts in Malang, namely Kepanjen, Karangploso, and Tumpang. The water quality depends on the water quality indices (National Sanitation Foundations-NSF Indices and OConnors Indices based on variables TSS, TDS, pH, DO, and Nitrate concentrate) and ecological indices of benthic macroinvertebrate (Diversity Indices Shannon-Wiener, Hilsenhof Biotic Indices-HBI, Average Score per Taxon-ASPT which is calculated by Biological Monitoring Working Party-BMWP, Ephemeroptera Indices, Plecoptera, Trichoptera-EPT). Observation of the physico-chemical water quality and benthic macroinvertebrate on May 2012 to April 2013. The sampling in each subdistrict was done at two selected stations in tertiary irrigation channel with three plot at each station. The data of physico-chemical quality of water were used to calculate the water quality indices, while the benthic macroinvertebrate data were used to calculate the ecological indices.The research findings showed that 27 taxa of benthic macroinvertebrates belong 10 classes were found in the three subdistrict. The pH, DO, Nitrate, TSS and TDS in six tertiary irrigation channels in Malang still met the water quality standards based on Government Regulation No.82 of 2001 on Management of Water Quality and Water Pollution Control Class III. Based on NSF-WQI indices and O'Connor's Indices, water qualities in these irrigation channels were categorized into medium or moderate (yellow) to good (green) category. However, based on benthic macroinvertebrate communities which was used to determine the HBI, the water quality in the irrigation channels were categorized into the air category (fairly significant organic pollution) to fairly poor (significant organic pollution), while based on the value of ASPT, the water were categorized into probable moderate pollution to probable severe pollution. The irrigation water which was categorized into good by WQI was consistently included into fair based on HBI and probable moderate pollution based on ASPT. Key words: ecological index, water quality index, benthic macroinvertebrate, Malang irrigation channel
Spatial Distribution and Genetic diversity of Tripneustes gratilla in Ambon Island Veince Benyamin Silahooy; luchman Hakim; Hamid Toha; widodo .
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 3 No. 3 (2013)
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Tripneustes gratilla an important ecological role in various habitats because T. gratilla is directly or indirectly recycling key from the nutrients in the waters of Ambon Island. Ambon Island has a distinctive topography, thus causing inhibition of water exchange period naturally in Ambon Bay and feared to complicate the exchange of genes between populations thus causing inbreeding. In addition the increasing environmental pollution can narrow the habitat of Tripneustes gratilla. Therefore, this study aims to determine the spatial distribution and genetic diversity of sea urchins (Tripneustes gratilla) on Ambon island based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene. Alignment results showed the presence of genetic variation of T. gratilla on the Ambon island. This is shown in several polymorphic base where there has tranversi experience, transition, and insertion. COI gene sequence similarity values of T. gratilla on Ambon island is around 98.4 to 100%. Distribution of T. gratilla population found on Ambon island generally have a relatively small number of individuals. From four locations that just only one location have large enough number of individuals. However, the results of genetic analysis using COI gene showed the presence of genetic closeness between T. gratilla despite located in different locations.
Studies of Decomposition rate and release of nutrients Ammonium, Nitrates, Nitrites, and Phosphatesions during the decomposition of Oryza coarctata in the laboratory experiment. Zafar Farooqui; Pirzada Jamal Siddiqui; Seema Shafique; Munawwer Rasheed
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 3 No. 3 (2013)
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Abstract

he vegetation, other than the mangroves in Indus delta, for example Oryza coarctata is also the source of nutrients for the adjacent coastal environment. The O. coarctata is the major vegetation on the tidal mudflatds of Keti- Bunder (Hajambro creek), Indus delta, other than the Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mucronataplanted mangrove forest. This is the first report of decomposition rates of O. coarctata in the laboratory. The decomposition of O. coarctata. was conducted to evaluate the nutrients (ammonium, nitrate, nitrites, phosphates) during the decomposition. The decomposition rate was more rapid during this early phase and O. coarctata. decomposed up to 40 % during the first 7 days. Afterwards, the Oryzasp. decomposed slowly and gradually and remained up to 40% of the dry mass. Therefor e, about 60% of the organic matter present in the O. coarctatacan decompose completely in the aerobic conditions of the aquatic environment. The ammonium ions concentration was found 2.75 μM/L at 7th day and highest value was 6.38 μM/L at 124th day of exp eriment. So the amount of ammonium ions increased during the phase of decomposition. The nitrate ions concentration was 1.95 μM/L at 7th day and increased to 2.71 μM/L at 15th day of decomposition, and afterwards the concentration of nitrate decreased gradually and lowest value 0.129 μM/L was recorded in the last day of the experiment. The nitrite ions concentration was found 1.80 μM/L and gradually increased to 3.33 μM/L at 60th day and the lowest value was 3.05 μM/L. The initial concentration of the phosphate ions was 0.84 and decresed gradually during the phase of decomposition to its lowest value at 0.7 μM/L. The concentration of the nitrogen in the O. coarctata was initially between 1- 1.5 mg DW, which increased to about 2 mg DW at the 7th day of the decomposition. The % DW nitrogen contents than decreased suddenly at 15th day reaching up to about 1 mg DW of the decomposed material. This decrease of the t otal DW Nitrogen is very important, as it is the source of the nutrients to the adjacent ecosystem. The results are also strongly correlated with the nutrients values.

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