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INDONESIA
Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 20875517     EISSN : 25274376     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science
The Journal of Tropical Life Science (JTLS) provides publication of full-length papers, short communication and review articles describing of new finding or theory in living system, cells and molecular level in tropical life science and related areas. The journal publishes articles that report novel findings of wide Tropical Life system phenomenon in the areas of biodiversity, agriculture, fisheries, health, husbandry, forestry and environmental technology. JTLS has 1 volume with 3 issues per year.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,001 Documents
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Alteration of Coral Reef Community Structure Caused by Athropogenic Activity in Coastal Area of Giliketapang Island, Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia Lutfiatul Puspitasari; Setijono Samino; Catur Retnaningdyah
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 3 No. 1 (2013)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

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Abstract

The aim of this research was to know the effect of anthropogenic activity around the coastal Giliketapang Island to community structure of coral reef. This research used belt transect method which consist of 18 transects in three location (harbour,near the forest and transition areas)at 50-80 m from the coast, with plot size of 2x2m2. Abundance of coral reefs were observed base on the coverage. There are found 11 families of coral reefs. The percentage of coral damage was decrease and the number of species was increase at the far zone from coast. This is also affect the coverage value of coral reefs. Coral coverage at the harbour and near the forest was 53. 06 % and 65. 36 % respectively, whereas in the transition area was 38. 38%. Co-domination between Porites lobata and Chyphastrea microphthalma occurred at the harbour, while Porites mayeri and Acropora spp. co-dominate in near the forest location. Poritidae family dominate in the transition area. Anthropogenic activities at transition location cause severed damage of coral reefs.
The Capability of Equisetum ramosissium and Typha angustifolia as Phytoremediation Agents to Reduce Nitrate-Phosphate Pollutants and Prevent Microcystis Blooming in Fresh Water Ecosystem Viky Vidayanti; Catur Retnaningdyah; Soeharjono Soeharjono
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 2 No. 3 (2012)
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Abstract

The aim of this study is to find out the kind of hydromacrophyte composition having the highest capability to reduce nitrate-phosphate pollutant and Microcystis growth in phytoremediation media using Equisetum ramosissium, Typha angustifolia and the combination of both. Microcystis were obtained from Sutami reservoir, then being inoculated in a media grown by hydromacrophytes (E. ramosissium, T. angustifolia and both of the hydromacrophytes) in the batch culture system. The number of Microcystis was counted every day within fifteen days. Abiotic factors were observe, including the concentration of nitrate using brucine-colorimetry method and orthophosphate (dissolved phosphate) using stannous chloride-colorimetry method on day 0, 6th, 12th and 15th. The growth rate of Microcystis carrying capacity and orthophosphate-nitrate levels among treatments were analysed by ANOVA test. The results showed that E. ramosissium and T. angustifolia in mono and polyculture techniques had similar potentiality to reduce the nitrate and ortophosphate. The concentrations of nitrate and orthophosphate decreased over 70 % in the 6th day after incubation. All of the treatments were able to reduce the carrying capacity of Microcystis up to 46 % , but the growth rates were similar in all media, that is, around 97-170 cells/L/day. Keywords: Equisetum ramosissium, Microcystis, nitrate, phosphate, Typha angustifolia
Exploratory Evaluation of Retranslocation and Bioconcentration of Heavy Metals in Three Species of Mangrove at Las Cucharillas Marsh, Puerto Rico Carla Lorraine Mejías; Juan Carlos Musa; Juan Otero
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 3 No. 1 (2013)
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Abstract

Heavy metal contamination in the coastal area of Cataño, Puerto Rico accountable to anthropogenic sources is of great concern due to the risk posed over the surrounding communities and adjacent ecosystems. Estuarine ecosystems are widely recognized for the presence of mangroves. This type of flora is recognized for their many beneficial properties for example, the ability to purge aquatic ecosystems where they stand. Exploratory analyses on the phytoaccumulative capacity of three mangrove species for ten metals (Hg, Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mg, Zn) were performed in this research. Random soil samples and both green and senescent leaves of Rhizophora mangle, Laguncularia racemosa and Avicennia germinans from three different sites of Peninsula La Esperanza were analyzed in order to apply the retranslocation efficiency (RT%) and bioconcentration factor (BCF) concepts. After calculating the RT% and the BCF, comparison analyses among the three mangrove species were performed. In general, the results showed low RT% values for Avicennia in comparison with Rhizophora and Laguncularia. BCF values confirmed RT% results for Avicennia, showing higher heavy metal concentrations in its senescent leaves in contrast with the other species. Therefore, these preliminary results suggest that Rhizophora and Laguncularia act better as phytoremediators for heavy metals in polluted areas due to their ability to accumulate lower concentrations in senescent leaves; preventing further contamination in surrounding ecosystems by encapsulating the pollutants instead of exporting them.
Variation of TTC Repeat Pattern In The Dna of Mycobacterium Leprae Isolates Obtained from Archeological Bones and Leprosy Patients From East Nusa Tenggara Dinar Adriaty; Ratna Wahyuni; Iswahyudi Iswahyudi; Bimo Aksono; Toetik Koesbardiati; Indropo Agusni; Shinzo Izumi
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 2 No. 3 (2012)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.2.3.%x

Abstract

The existence of leprosy or kusta or Morbus Hansen or Hansens disease has been known for years, including in Indonesia. Starting from the discovery of Mycobacterium leprae isolates from ancient bone (about 1.000 years B.C), the archaeological excavations results in East Nusa Tenggara, interesting questions arise about how the development of leprosy in eastern Indonesia is. Biology molecular study would become a powerful tool to investigate the presence of leprosy bacillary whether there are similarities between the genomes of M. leprae isolates in the primeval and the present. PCR examinations were performed on mandibular bone fragments from ancient human who lived 1000 years B.C. discovered in archaeological surveys on the island of Lembata and three leprosy patients from East Nusa Tenggara. The DNA extraction was performed using a kit from Qiagen products and its TTC repeating pattern was seen with the method of direct sequencing. It turned out that the TTC profile obtained from samples of archaeological was as many as 13 copies, while the repetition of TTC in three samples of leprosy patients were 15, 17 and 26 copies. The different number of TTC repetition shows the different isolates of M. leprae between in the ancient times and the present. Further studies are needed to verify the differences in the genome that occur, for example from the study of SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms).
Polymorphism of Plasmodium Falciparum Dihydrofolate Reductase and Dihydropteroate Synthase Genes among Pregnant Women with Falciparum Malaria in Banjar District, South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia Fitriah Fitriah; Sriwijayanti Sulistyawati; Sugeng Riyanto; Budiono Budiono; Sukmawati Basuki; Yoes P Dachlan; Haruki Uemura
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 2 No. 3 (2012)
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Pregnant women are highly vulnerable to malaria infection in its endemic areas, particularly infection by Plasmodium falciparum that can cause premature, low birth weight, severe anemia in pregnant women, and death. Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) for Intermittent Preventive Treatment for pregnant (IPTp) is used for malaria control in pregnancy recommended by the World Health Organization that has already been implemented in Africa. The P. falciparum resistance to SP has been reported in several malarial endemic areas, and mutations in the genes of Plasmodium falciparum Dihydrofolate Reductase (Pfdhfr) and Dihydropteroate Synthase (Pfdhps) are shown to be associated with parasite resistance to SP treatment. Genetic analysis of Pfdhfr and Pfdhps genes in pregnant women infected with P. falciparum has not yet been examined in Indonesia. The cross-sectional study was conducted at two subdistricts, Sungai Pinang and Peramasan, in Banjar district of South Kalimantan Province, where 127 pregnant women were recruited from 2008 to April 2010. Two important mutations in Pfdhfr gene (amino acid positions at N51 and S108) and three in Pfdhps gene (A437, K540 and A581) were analyzed by nested PCR-RFLP method. All of the seven pregnant women samples infected with P. falciparum presented PfDHFR 108N and PfDHPS 437G mutations. One of the samples had the additional mutation at PfDHPS 540, in which Lys is substituted by Glu. These results suggested that P. falciparum might present only some resistance to SP at Sungai Pinang and Peramasan subdistricts, Banjar District, South Kalimantan province, Indonesia. Although there were limited number of samples, this study showed only few mutations of Pfdhfr and Pfdhps genes in P. falciparum at Banjar district, South Kalimantan Province, that suggests SP might be effective for IPTp in this area. Thus, further analysis of the other mutation sites in Pfdhfr and Pfdhps genes and in vivo efficacy study of SP with more sufficient sample numbers will be necessary to confirm this preliminarily result.Keywords: PfDHFR and PfDHPS genes, Pregnant women, Falciparum malaria
Discussing implications of fast depleting rural ponds on the globally threatened wetland winter migratory bird in Haryana: a Case Study of Nigdu village pond in Karnal District Rohtash Chand Gupta; Tirshem Kumar Kaushik
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 3 No. 2 (2013)
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Abstract

The Nigdu-Sarovar is located in Nilokheri block in Karnal district in Haryana (29°50°N, 76°55°E). The duration of observations span over seven years (September, 2005 to March, 2012). The recording of wetland winter visitor birds during 2005-08 in winter season included atleast 58 species of birds belonging to 10 orders and 18 families. It is important to mention that 29 species of wetland birds were winter migratory, 17 residents, 9 local migratory and three species of wetland birds like Lesser-whistling Duck Dendrocygna javanica, Pheasant-tailed Jacana Hydrophasianus chirurgus and Blue-cheeked Bee-eater Merops persicus were summer migratory. The special features of 2005-06 winter was the huge populations of birds like Northern Shoveller Anas clypeata, Northern Pintail Anas acuta, Common Teal Anas crecca, Spot-billed Duck Anas poecilorhynchus, Common Pochard Aythya ferina, Bar-headed Goose Anser indicus, Greylag Goose Anser anser, Gadwall Anas strepera, Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo, Mallard Anas platyrhynchos and Common Redshank Tringa totanus etc.In successive years, the scenario was more or less a substantial one depicting stability with respect to diversity of birds, number of birds upto the year of 2008. The popular birds included Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala, Openbill Stork Anastomus oscitans, White-necked Stork Ciconia episcopus, Black-necked Stork Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus, Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia, Spotted Greenshank Tringa guttifer and Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrines. The sharp decline in winter migratory birds at Nigdu-Sarovar started in the year of 2008 when the pond was leased out for FISH-FARMING as per the policies of Govt. of Haryana. Fish Farming based deepening of the pond by excavation of bottom resulting in total decimation of rooted, floating, submerged and ejecting plants along with its subsidiary fauna, Zooplanktons, phytoplankton etc. The age old structural regime of the pond was obliterated to turn it in a scientifically managed fish pond. The year of 2009-10, 2010-11 and 2011-12 (March, 2012) showed the total absence of migratory birds like Mallards, several Geese, Dabbling Ducks, Pochards and Teals etc. As of today (2012), the sarovar is a clean sheet of water with bird repelling devices installed in places.
The assessment of land exploitation by enumerating microbial population: Case study in several locations at Dieng Plateau Sri Sumarsih; Sari Virgawati
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 3 No. 3 (2013)
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Abstract

Agricultural intensification program in Indonesia which is carried out by using high yield variety, high chemicals use and soil disturbances tends to trigger land exploitation. Land exploitation, performed without considering the lands capability can generate degradations on the land itself. Various methods have been used to determine land exploitation level, including evaluation of soil microbe resources as on soil component. This research is aimed to assess land exploitation level, based on the amount of microbial population. The result of this research is expected to add the soil quality standard criteria. In the case study performed in Dieng plateau, representative soil sampling method was used. The amount of microbial population can be enumerated using plating and MPN method. Based on nutrient availability to indicate the soil biological characteristics, the soil under the trees, shrub, and Colocasia were classified as “below normal”, and the soil under the grass, tobacco, cabbage and potato were classified as normal. It shows that the land exploitation at the agricultural soils were still in the range of its land capability.
Degradation of Riparian Tree Diversity on Spring Fed Drains and Its Impacts to Water Quality, East Java Chatarina Gradict Semiun; Endang Arisoesilaningsih; Catur Retnaningdyah
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 3 No. 2 (2013)
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This research aimed to determine the impact of degradation riparian tree diversity on water quality along some spring to its drains in East Java. This descriptive research conducted in selected springs and itsdrains in Jember, Kediri, Pasuruan, and Malang on April 2012 to January 2013. We used a spring water of Meru Betiri National Park as a reference site. Quality of riparian trees diversity and water were sampled with three replication.Data were tabulated by statistical analyzed using cluster and Spearman correlation. The result showed that species richness ofriparian tree in spring water and its drains has found were 69 species belonging to 28 families. Moraceae was key family of natural riparian tree and almost all the spring and its drains (92.75 %) were grown by native trees except in Kediri. All observed spring were degrading comparing to the natural one in Meru Betiri National Park where trees grown in strata A to E, and shown a highest diversity index (H=3.2). All water spring were observed in high quality but water in its downstream become turbid depend on the quality of treesriparian diversity grown around spring waters. Quality of riparian diversity was strongly influenced by land use and human activities such as illegal logging, intensive agriculture, and settlement. There was a positive correlation between riparian tree diversity, water transparency and color, but it had a negative correlation with pH value of water.Low pH, high water transparency and colorless water were found in stations where we found high tree species richness, diversity index, riparian width and stratified of tree.Keywords: Diversity quality, riparian tree, spring water , water quality.
A Comparison Between Hyclone And Biowest: Effects To Human MSCs Proliferation, Morphology, And Osteogenic Differentiation Tania Saskianti; Kanawa Misami; Yukio Kato
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 3 No. 1 (2013)
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Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are expanded in a basal culture medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS) with or without additional growth factors. The serum contains basic components such as hormones and growth factors which provide robust MSC proliferation. However, the effects of different serum in the isolation and proliferation of primary MSC remains unclear. In this study we compared effect of serums on stimulating MSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Therefore we evaluated the impact of Hyc1 and Bw1 containing medium on primary MSC morphology. Primary MSC grown in both serum containing medium retain the ability to differentiate into osteoblast. Bw1 containing serum showed slightly, unsignificanty higher potential as compared to Hyc1. However more detailed analysis on the composition of each serum on overall MSC morphology and proliferation must be further explored. The result of this study should form a basis for further studies examining specific substance needed in MSC proliferation and differentiation in more detail.
Formaldehyde And Benzo(Α)Pyrene induced Cells Necrotic in Mice Liver Ahmad Soni; sri Widyarti; Aris Suwondo
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 3 No. 1 (2013)
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Abstract

Formaldehyde and benzo(α)pyrene are compounds that harmful for health. Misapplication of this compound have an impact in the form of organ damage in the body. This study aims to determine the impact of the treatment of the combined exposure of formaldehyde and benzo(α)pyrene to cell necrosis in the liver of mice (Mus musculus). Treatment of formaldehyde dose of 25 mg/kg BW to mice were given ​​orally every day for 60 days. Treatment of benzo(α)pyrene via intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 250 mg/kg BW were given after 30 days of incubation with four times injection with one day interval. Liver organ histological preparations were made through the HE staining. Observations were made by using a microscope for liver organ preparations. The data obtained that is the percentage of cells necrosis and necrotic foci. This research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 95% confidence interval. Liver organ preparations observations indicate that the percentage of necrosis in the untreated control, benzo(α)pyrene 250 mg/kg BW, Formaldehyde 25 mg/kg BW, combination of formaldehyde 25 mg/kg BW with BaP in a row that is equal to 14.43% ± 0.91; 26.05% ± 3.75; 49.38% ± 2.66; 51.86 ± 1.73. The mean of necrotic foci in liver organ formed in the untreatment control, benzo(α)pyrene 250 mg/kg BW, Formaldehyde 25 mg/kg BW, and the combination of formaldehyde 25 mg/kg BW with BaP in a row, equal to 1.3 ± 0,07; 1.63 ± 0.61; 2 ± 0.51, and 3.4 ± 0.76. This suggests that the combined treatment had the highest level of toxicity compared with other treatments.

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