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Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 20875517     EISSN : 25274376     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science
The Journal of Tropical Life Science (JTLS) provides publication of full-length papers, short communication and review articles describing of new finding or theory in living system, cells and molecular level in tropical life science and related areas. The journal publishes articles that report novel findings of wide Tropical Life system phenomenon in the areas of biodiversity, agriculture, fisheries, health, husbandry, forestry and environmental technology. JTLS has 1 volume with 3 issues per year.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,001 Documents
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Effect of Methyl Parathion on Survival and Development of Tadpoles of Indian Cricket frog Fejervarya limnocharis Gurushankara H Puttaswamy Gowda; Sannanegunda Venkatarama Bhatta Krishnamurthy; Vasudev Venkateshaiah
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 6 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.06.01.08

Abstract

Amphibian populations are declining due to various causes including pesticide contamination in natural habitat. We evaluated effect of Methyl Parathion (MPT) an organophosphate pesticide on survival and development of common paddy field frog Fejervarya limnocharis in a laboratory condition. Effect of 0 µg MPT/L, 500 µg MPT/L, 1000 µg MPT/L, 1500 µg MPT/L, 2000 µg MPT/L and 3000 µg MPT/L was studied using static toxicity test for a duration of 28 days. MPT reduced the survival of tadpole. The mortality increased with the increased concentration of pesticide. The development decreased with increased MPT concentrations. At higher concentrations, MPT induced slow development and tadpoles failed to metamorphose. It is assumed that slow development could affect the larval life and amphibian population in agro-ecosystem.
Study on The Starch Granules Morphology of Local Varieties of Dioscorea hispida and Dioscorea alata Fauziah Fauziah; Shofiyatul Mas'udah; Hendrian Hendrian
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 6 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.06.01.09

Abstract

Starch is regarded as vital in the food industry, where granule size and shape determine its function and uses. One plant taxon that is widely known as a starch source is Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae), whose starch and protein content make it a healthy food. As the initial step to identify which varieties possess potential as starch sources, we conducted study on starch granule morphology of some local varieties of D. hispida and D. alata. The aim of this study was to determine shape and size variation of starch granule of each variety of D. hispida and D. alata. The results showed that starch granule morphology does not only vary between species of D. hispida and D. alata, but also among varieties of those species. The shape of starch granules in D. hispida is dominantly polygonal (polyhedral). It showed similar results as those reported by other authors in their studies, except that – in this study - we found there is also a triangular shape, which has never been reported before. Starch granule size of D. hispida is found to be “Very small – Small” and only 1 variety of the species – that is gadung jahe – is classified as “Small” type. According to previous studies, varieties with small type starch granule are recommended as potential sources for non-food industrial raw materials. The shape of starch granules in D. alata is similar to those reported in other studies, which is dominantly triangular and polygonal; the size is classified as “Medium” type, except for two varieties that are uwi ratu and uwi ulo (DC5), which are classified as “Large”. According to previous studies, varieties with large type starch granule are recommended as potential sources for food. Thus, from this study 3 potential local varieties are identified, i.e. gadung jahe of D. hispida, and uwi ratu & uwi ulo of D. alata.
Recent status of Banteng (Bos Javanicus) conservation in East Java and its perspectives on ecotourism planning Luchman Hakim; Dodit Ari Guntoro; Joko Waluyo; Dian Sulastini; Lugi Hartanto; Nokukazu Nakagoshi
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 5 No. 3 (2015)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.05.03.08

Abstract

The aims of this article are to examine the recent status of  Banteng Bos javanicus conservation in East Java, identify the roots of conservation problems and propose the non-consumptive and sustainable uses of Banteng by implementing ecotourism. Recently, Banteng population distributes in Alas Purwo, Meru Betiri, and Baluran National Parks.  The population in Alas Purwo and Meru Betiri were relatively stable yearly. Rapid population decrease found in Baluran National Park. The roots of threats may be categorized into two factors, socio-economic and ecological factors. Socio-economic problems lead to the increase of habitat disturbance, poaching, and illegal hunting. Ecological aspect was ranging from invasion of exotic plant species, competitors, predators, drought, forest fire and vegetation changes. Lack of habitat management also recognized as an important factor to drive Bos javanicus decline and extinction. Ecotourism in the national park may become one of the significant and effective stimuli to support Banteng conservation.
STS Marker Associated with Iron Toxicity Tolerance in Rice Lili Chrisnawati
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 6 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.06.01.11

Abstract

Iron (Fe) toxicity is one of the limiting factors for rice growth and production in paddy fields. The use of iron tolerant varieties is one of the most efficient way to solve this problems. Identification of molecular markers linked to the trait is very important to develop marker-assisted selection (MAS) to obtain tolerant lines. The objective of this study was to identify sequence tagged sites (STS) markers associated with iron tolerance trait in double haploid rice population. Forty-five double haploid lines derived from reciprocal double crossing, i.e. IR54/Parekaligolara//Bio110/ Markuti, were phenotypically screened in high Fe wetland rice field at Taman Bogo Experimental Station, Lampung. Molecular analysis performed using STS markers. The results of the association between the genetic and phenotypic analysis showed that there were three markers, i.e. OsIRT1, OsIRT2, and OsFRO2, associated with iron tolerance trait in rice. The markers have potential as selection markers for iron toxicity tolerant lines.
Effects of Artemisin and Moringa oleifera Extract Combination on CD4+ and CD8+ Percentage of Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei Melda Fio Flora BR. Sijabat; Tinny Endang Hernowati; Loeki Enggar Fitri
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 6 No. 3 (2016)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

 This research aims to examine the effect of Artemisin and Moringa oleifera leaf extract combination on the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell of mice infected with P.berghei. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells have important role in eliminating Plasmodium intracellular parasite that causes malaria infection. Artemisin is a potent antimalarial that kills the parasite through free radicals production. Excessive free radicals damage the immune cells, including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Flavonoid (quercetin and kaempferol) bioactive on Moringa leaves is a powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, and is expected to prevent and decrease the adverse effects of Artemisin. This experimental post-test group research was conducted on six groups, i.e. normal mice (negative control), P.berghei infected mice without treatment (positive control), and four other groups, i.e. P.berghei infected mice and treated with Artemisin 0.004mg/gBW (A), and combinations of Artemisin 0.004mg/gBW and Moringa leaf extract 0.125mg/gBW (DK1), 0.250mg/gBW (DK2), and 0.500mg/gBW (DK3). On day 3 and 7, blood samples from each group were drawn randomly, parasitemia degree was calculated microscopically (magnification 1000 times), the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was determined using flowcytometry. The results of this study indicated that the administration of Artemisin and Moringa leaf extract combination for 7 days significant increased the percentage of CD4 + T cells in DK2 (p=0.001) and DK3 (p=0.000), and decreased the degree of parasitemia in DK1 (p=0.000), DK2 (p=0.000), and DK3 (p=0.000), however CD8 + T cells show no difference. There was a relationship between Artemisin and Moringa leaf extract combination with the degree of parasitemia (p=0.000) and the percentage of CD4+ T cells (p = 0.000), but not on CD8+ T cells. Keywords: parasitemia, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, Moringa oleifera
Inoculums Preparation and Detoxification Process in Monascus Fermented Rice Production Marlia Singgih Wibowo; Nur Azizah Fitria; Sri Priatni
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 6 No. 3 (2016)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.06.03.07

Abstract

Monascus fermented rice (MFR), or angkak are well known for their ability to produce monacolin K, a statin compound that potential as a cholesterol-lowering agent. The objective of the research is to study the inoculum preparation and detoxification process in MFR production. In this study, the inoculum was prepared by cultivated M. purpureus HD001 in YMP, YES, and MSG medium. Rice was inoculated with 10% of inoculum and incubated at 30oC, for 14 days. The growth rate and moisture content of MFR were evaluated in the period from 0 to 14th day. The dried MFR was extracted with ethanol 95%, and the ratio of monacolin K/citrinin was estimated by measuring the absorbances of extract at λ238 (monacolin K) and λ500 (citrinin). MFR was detoxified by 0.1% v/v of H2O2, at room temperature for one hour. Monacolin K and citrinin content in MFR extract was analyzed by HPLC. Results showed that the growth of Monascus purpureus HD001 on rice which inoculated by MSG inoculum was faster than YES and YMP inoculum. Maximum growth of M.purpureus occurs on the 8th day. The highest moisture content also enerated by MFR which inoculated by MSG inoculum. Maximum absorbance of monacolin K (l238) of MFR which inoculated by MSG inoculum was obtained on the 8th day. HPLC data showed that detoxification of MFR with 0.1% H2O2 was able to reduce citrinin 58.45% and monacolin K 22.04%. After treatment with 0.1% H2O2, ratio of monacolin K/citrinin in MFR samples was increased 1.87 times when compared to before treatment.
Evaluation of Pulasan (Nephelium ramboutan-ake) Genetic Diversity in Bogor, West Java, Using Microsatellite Markers Amelia Luisyane Puhili; Tatik Chikmawati; Nina Ratna Djuita
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 6 No. 3 (2016)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.06.03.09

Abstract

Pulasan (Nephelium ramboutan-ake (Labill.) Leenh) fruit is highly similar to rambutan rapiah (Nephelium lappaceum) fruit with ovate shape, sweet and sour fresh taste, but it has a thick rind. The diversity of pulasan is little informed including in Bogor. The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity of pulasan from Bogor revealed by microsatellite marker. The DNA of 63 individuals from 10 populations of pulasan were extracted using CTAB method and amplified using two primer sets, LMLY6 (GA)9(CA)2(GA)4 dan LMLY12 (CT)11. DNA amplification product was visualized and arranged in a matrix of binary data then analyzed the value of the number of different alleles (Na), the number of effective alleles (Ne), Shannon information index (I), heterozygosity (He), and the percentage of polymorphism (PLP). The results of the analysis showed the highest genetic diversity was found in North Bogor (He=0.313). The genetic diversity within a population (61%) was higher than that among populations (39%). A dendrogram was constructed using the Unweighted Pair Group Method with arithmetic Mean (UPGMA). The similarity index ranged from 52 to 100% that means there are close relationships among individuals. Cluster analyses grouped some individuals originated from different locations in the same group. The levels of heterozygosity within a population was determined by the history of each individual in a population.
Botanical Exploration and Crater Vegetation Survey of Mt. Galunggung, West Java Musyarofah Zuhri; Harry Wiriadinata; Ratna Suti Astuti; Supan Hadiwaluyo; Syamsudin Syamsudin
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 6 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.06.02.02

Abstract

Botanical exploration at Mt. Galunggung protected forest, West Java was conducted in June 2014. This study was aimed to collect plant living specimen for ex-situ conservation purpose of Kuningan Botanic Garden and to conduct vegetation analysis in crater area. Random inventory method at 600-1200 m asl was used to collect plant in that area. Vegetation analysis of tree, shrub and herb were used line transect methods. Result showed that 273 collection numbers of plant living species were collected from Mt. Galunggung, which consisted of 213 species, 143 genus and 72 families. Plant families which most collected were Moraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Arecaceae and Lauraceae respectively. In crater area was collected a lot of pioneer plant, such as dawola (Trema cannabina Lour.), paku tiang (Cyathea spp.), nangsi (Villebrunea rubescens (Blume) Blume), muncang cina (Ostodes paniculata Blume), mara (Macaranga tanarius (L.) Mull.Arg.), and kareumbi (Homalanthus populneus (Geiseler) Pax). Furthermore, in secondary remnant forest were collected typical plants of Java mountains such as saninten (Castanopsis argentea (Blume) A.DC., puspa (Schima wallichii Choisy) and some of tree seedlings from Lauraceae family. Vegetation affected by eruption in Mt. Galunggung is in early stage of forest succession and still develops to next stage of succession. Tree, shrub and herb in the crater area were dominated by Cyathea contaminans (Wall. Ex Hook.) Copel., Calliandra callothyrsus Meisn. and Ageratina riparia (Regel) R.M.King & H.Rob. with H’ was 0.35, 0.31 and 0.30 respectively.
Population Study of the Golden Chicken Fern (Cibotium barometz (L.) J. Sm. in Riau Province, Sumatra Titien Ngatinem Praptosuwiryo; Dwi Murti Puspitaningtyas; Didit Okta Pribadi; Rugayah Rugayah
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 7 No. 2 (2017)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.07.02.13

Abstract

Cibotium barometz (L.) J.Sm. (Cibotiaceae) is an important export commodity for both traditional and mod-ern medicine. Populations of this species in several countries have decreased rapidly due to the uncontrolled collection of the rhizome parts for medicinal purposes. Since 1976, this species has been included in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). This means that no export is allowed without a prior permit issued by the CITES committee.  In order to utilize an endangered species sustainably, the global NDF (Non-Detriments Finding) system is applied for determining annual quotas. Therefore, monitoring and updating the inventory of C. barometz in its natural habitat should be carried out annually. A population study of C. barometz carried out in 2011 in Riau Province, Sumatra, is reported here. The aims of the study were: 1) to inventory C. barometz and determine its variation in Riau Province, Suma-tra, 2) to study the distribution and ecology of C. barometz, and 3) to assess the population size of this spe-cies by using random search methodology incorporating belt line transects. Two variants of C. barometz are recognized; they are the golden yellow and golden brown variants. C. barometz is distributed in eight loca-tions of Kampar District of Riau Province, in the secondary forest and rubber agroforest between 80 m and 600 m above sea level (asl). This species grows well in open to partially opened areas of secondary forest and rubber plantation in hills with a range of slope between 30° and 90°, with a relatively high humidity, 60 – 90%, in acid to nearly neutral soil, with a range of soil fertility from very poor to very humus rich soil.  The average population density determined in our study was 20 plants per 100 square meter. The highest popula-tion size was in the secondary forest of Bukit Kuda Beban at 590 – 600 m asl., viz. 9405 plants with a popula-tion density  of 47 plants per 100 square meter.
Copper Toxicity of Four Different Aquaculture Ponds Moshood Mustapha; Joshua Taiwo Agunloye
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 6 No. 3 (2016)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.06.03.04

Abstract

> Copper is a nutritional trace element for fish which could be deficient or toxic. Copper concentrations from four aquaculture ponds were analyzed for 12 weeks using Bicinchoninate method. Alkalinity was measured using colorimetric method with the aid of Hanna Multiparameter Bench Photometer. Temperature and pH of the ponds was measured in situ using Hanna Portable pH/EC/TDS/Temp combined waterproof tester. All measurementswere done I triplicates. Copper concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 0.10 mg/L, alkalinity ranged from 105 to 245mg/L. Weeks 1 and 12 recorded the highest and lowest Cu2+ concentrations, while lowest and highest alkalinity were obtained in weeks 1 and 12 respectively in all the ponds. Temperature and pH ranged from 29.1 to 35.9°C and 6.35 to 8.03. The trend of copper concentrations in the ponds was Natural > Earthen > Concrete > Collapsible, with concentration slightly above the normal in the ponds. This could have come from the pipes used in delivering water to the pond, copper alloy nets and mesh used in the ponds, anti-fouling agents, algaecides, water source and fish meal. Effect of elevated copper was seen in the morphology and behavior of Clarias gariepinus which include slimy mucus on the skin, aggressive and uncoordinated swimming with the opercula flared, slow growth, reduced odor perception of food and water bubbles on the ponds. Copper should be regularly bio monitored to determine toxicity in fish.

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