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Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 20875517     EISSN : 25274376     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science
The Journal of Tropical Life Science (JTLS) provides publication of full-length papers, short communication and review articles describing of new finding or theory in living system, cells and molecular level in tropical life science and related areas. The journal publishes articles that report novel findings of wide Tropical Life system phenomenon in the areas of biodiversity, agriculture, fisheries, health, husbandry, forestry and environmental technology. JTLS has 1 volume with 3 issues per year.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,001 Documents
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Litter Decomposition Rate of Avicennia marina and Rhizophora apiculata in Pulau Dua Nature Reserve, Banten Febriana Siska; Sulistijorini Sulistijorini; Cecep Kusmana
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 6 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

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Abstract

Litter decomposition rate is useful method to determine forest fertility level. The aims of this study were to measure decomposition rate, and analyze the nutrient content released organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphor from Avicennia marina and Rhizophora apiculata litters during the decomposition process. The research was conducted in the Pulau Dua Nature Reserve, Serang-Banten on A. marina and R. apiculata forest communities. Litter decomposition rate measurements performed in the field. Litter that has been obtained with the trap system is inserted into litter bag and than tied to the roots or trees to avoid drifting sea water. Litter decomposition rate was measured every 15 days and is accompanied by analysis of the content of organic C , total N and P. Our research results showed decomposition rate of A. marina (k= 0.83) was higher than that of R. apiculata (k= 0.41). Differences of  leaf anatomical structure and sea water salinity  influenced to the rate of litter decomposition. Organic C released was declined with longer of litter decomposition, on the contrary of releasing N and P nutrients.
Diversity of Macroalgae in Kasiak Gadang Island Nirwana Beach, Padang - West Sumatra, Indonesia Faisal Hadi; Indra Junaidi Zakaria; Zuhri Syam
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 6 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.06.02.06

Abstract

This study had been conducted in October – November 2014. This study aims to know about the diversity of macroalgae in Kasiak Gadang Island, Nirwana Beach, Padang, West Sumatra Indonesia. The method used in this research is line and belt transect. The result of this study is five species of macroalgae founded on this island. There are Padine minor, Sargassum crassifolium, Sargassum cristaefolium, Turbinaria decurrens, and Halimeda sp. Based on relative density, P. minor had 67.15% at Station I and 51.72% at Station II. S. crassifolium had 83.52% at Station III. T. decurrens had 50.86% at Station IV. The index of diversity of macroalgae in Kasiak Gadang Island is about 0.48 – 1.27. According to the diversity index criteria, macroalgae diversity in this island is considered being in low.
Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) Antibody Protects Against AGEs-induced Apoptosis and NF-ĸB p65 Subunit Overexpression in Rat Glomerular Culture Oktavia Rahayu Adianingsih; Diana Lyrawati; Nur Samsu
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 6 No. 3 (2016)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.06.03.08

Abstract

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been thought to be a major cause of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The mechanisms underlying the involvement of AGEs antibody in diabetic nephropathy are not fully understood. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of AGEs antibody on AGEs-induced glomerular damage. Isolated glomeruli were pre-incubated either with 10 µg/mL polyclonal anti-AGEs antibody (AGE-pAb) or monoclonal anti-Nɜ -carboxymethyl-lysine antibody (CML-mAb) as a model of AGEs antibody to block interaction of AGEs with receptor for AGEs (RAGE) and incubated afterwards either with 100 µg/mL bovine serum albumin (BSA) or AGE-modified bovine serum albumin (AGE-BSA) for 48 h. Annexin V/nephrin doublestaining was performed to determine apoptosis. Using immunofluorescence, we found that administration of AGE-BSA not only significantly increased glomerular cells apoptosis and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-ĸB) p65 expression, but also reduced expression of nephrin, an important structural and signal molecule of podocytes slit diaphragm. Blocking the interaction of AGE-RAGE with AGEs antibody significantly protected glomerular cells from AGEs-induced apoptosis and NF-ĸB p65 overexpression. We found that AGE-pAb conferred superior protective effect compared with CmL-mAb for the same reduction in apoptosis and NF-ĸB p65 expression. In sharp contrast, CmL-mAb led to preserve expression of podocytes nephrin better than AGE-pAb. These results demonstrate that the antibody against AGEs may be beneficial for preventing the glomerular damage in DN.
Group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus Detection Using Anti-Outer Membrane Protein (OMP) Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Hamid Hunaif Dhofi Alluza; Ema Dianita Mayasari; Sumarno Reto Prawiro; Sri Winarsih
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 7 No. 1 (2017)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.07.01.02

Abstract

Streptococcal pharyngitis sequel such as Rheumatic Fever (RF) or Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) is an autoimmune response mediated by T cells and IgG. Since it is an autoimmune process, the result of bacterial culture as the gold standard of diagnosis often shows negative results. IgG against the 33 kDa OMP is considered as an important mediator in the process of these autoimmune diseases, so its presence in blood serum can be used as a diagnostic tool. The purpose of this study is to prove that 33 kDa OMP is one of the immunogenic parts of the Streptococcus Group A β-hemolytic, so it is expected that IgG anti-33 kDa OMP can recognize and respond the bacteria and to support the probability of the Streptococcus Group A β-hemolytic infection. This study was a laboratory experimental study with a control group design. Animal used was RattusNovergicus immunized with whole cell bacteria or 33 kDa OMP mixed with Complete Freund’s Adjuvant or Incomplete Freund’s Adjuvant. Polyclonal IgG was obtained by drawing blood serum from the animals after immunization with Streptococcus Group A β-hemolytic for 4 weeks (A; n = 5) and 8 weeks (B; n = 5) or immunization with OMP 33 kDa for 4 weeks (C; n = 5) and 8 weeks (D; n = 5) and also negative control group (E; n = 5). Immunological tests were done using Dot Blot assay, ELISA, and immunocytochemical examination. The data obtained was then evaluated with statistical tests Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney and Repeated ANOVA (p < 0.05). The result showed that there was a difference in humoral immune response (IgG) between the groups albeit the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). Dot Blot and immunocytochemical tests indicated that IgG anti-33 kDa OMP were able to recognize and respond the Streptococcus Group A β-hemolytic antigen. This study concluded that 33 kDa OMP was the immunogenic part of the bacteria and that IgG anti-33 kDa OMP could recognize and respond the Streptococcus Group A β-hemolytic bacteria. 
Allelopathy Potential of Alpinia malaccensis (Burm. F.) Roxb. due to Seeds Germination and Growth of Merremia peltata (L.) Merril Siti Aisah; Sulistijorini Sulistijorini; Titiek Setyawati
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 8 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.08.02.05

Abstract

Allelopathy is a natural strategy for the protection or inhibition toward other vegetation through the release of chemicals into the environment. Alpinia malaccensis is thought to be capable of carrying out allelopathic mechanisms, as this species is found to grow well on land invaded by Merremia peltata. Invasive type control with alleopathic mechanism is an alternative to consider as it does not leave a potential residue as a contaminant of soil as it is chemically controlled. The study attempt to investigate the content of A. malaccensis allelochemicals and analyzed the alelopathy potential of A. malaccensis on seed germination and seedling growth of M. peltata. Research method used completely randomized design with 6 replicates for seed treatment and three replicates for seedling treatment. Seeds which have relatively similar size and weight were obtained from the field. Seeds were germinated in petri dishes that have been coated by filter paper, each petri dish contained 6 seeds of M. peltata. The treatment of the seeds germination was performed by giving 3 ml of rhizomes and leaves extracts of A. malaccensis (control, 30 g/L, 60 g/L, 90 g/L, 120 g/L, and 150 g/L). The treatment of the seedlings was performed by giving 30 ml of rhizomes and leaves extracts of A. malaccensis (control, 50 g/L, 100 g/L, 150 g/L, and 200 g/L). The analysis of chemical compounds of fresh rhizomes and leaves showed that A. malaccensis contains alcohol, amide, fatty acid, phenol, ketones, and terpenoids. Rhizomes and leaves extracts 150 g/L of A. malaccensis showed the highest inhibition in germination, dry weight, plumule and radicle length of M. peltata sprout parameters. Rhizomes and leaves extract 200 g/L of A. malaccensis showed the highest inhibition in tendril length, amount of leaves, length and width of M. peltata leaves parameters. To be more efficient, application in the field should use low concentration of extracts that can inhibit the M. peltata. Results of this study are expected to provide information about alternative solutions to suppress the invasion of M. peltata to preserve ecosystems of Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP) in Lampung.
Antiviral Effect of Pterocarpus indicus Willd Leaves Extract Against Replication of Dengue Virus (DENV) In Vitro Beti Ernawati Dewi; Marissa Angelina; lia meilawati; Sri Hartati; Indah Dwiatmi Dewijanti; Mei Ria Santi; Hidayati Desti; Mirawati Sudiro
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 8 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.08.01.10

Abstract

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is major public health problem in tropical and subtropical areas of the world with lack of approved vaccines and effective antiviral therapies. With no current treatment for illness attributed to dengue virus (DENV) infection other than supportive care, therapeutic strategies that use natural extract was developed. Indonesia have many plants that potential for antiviral drµgs such as Pterocarpus indicus Willd (P. indicus). The objective of this study was to determine the effect of P. indicus to inhibit DENV replication. We used a well-differentiated hepatocytes-derived cellular carcinoma cell line (Huh-7 it-1 cells) to determine and select antiviral activity. The toxicity effects were determined by MTT assay. Then, the suppression of DENV replication was determined by Focus assay. Dengue infected cells with DMSO were used as control. We found that crude extract (Pi), hexane (Pi.1) and ethyl acetate (Pi.2) extract showed strong inhibition with high selectivity index (SI) of 1,392; 285.36 and 168.56 respectively.  Sub fraction of Pi.1 and Pi.2 still showed strong inhibition with high SI.  Further sub-sub fraction of Pi.2 such as Pi.2.12 and Pi.2.12.1 still showed inhibition of DENV replication but there was reduction of SI value. The mechanism experiment of Pi.2.12, we found that Pi 2.12 more profound to inhibit in the post infection stage that entry or pre-infection. We conclude that the sub-fraction of Pi.2.12 has potential antiviral activity against DV infection in vitro. Further studies are still needed to investigate the pure compound of Pi.2.12 that inhibit and have advantages in the future as alternative for treatment of DENV infection.
Fecal Calprotectin Level of Breast Milk-Formula vs Formula Feeding in Preterm and Low Birth Weight Neonates with Necrotizing Enterocolitis Ditya Arisanti; Satrio Wibowo
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 9 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

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Abstract

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NE) is inflammatory disease and its prevalence was increase in preterm and low birth weight (LBW) neonates. This study was aimed to investigate the differences of fecal calprotectin level in breast milk-formula vs formula feeding infants in preterm and low birth weight neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis. There are 32 preterm and LBW neonates with NE were divided into two group (breast milk-formula and formula only feeding group). Fecal calprotectin level was measured using ELISA method. This study showed that fecal calprotectin level in breast milk-formula feeding group was insignificantly lower as compared to formula feeding group (independent t-test, p = 0.503). Further analysis showed that fecal calprotectin level was negatively correlated with patient’s outcome (Spearman correlation test, p = 0.03, r = 0.512). We concluded that fecal calprotectin level in breast milk-formula feeding group was insignificantly lower as compared to formula feeding only group in preterm and low birth weight neonates diagnosed with necrotizing enterocolitis. There was negative correlation between fecal calprotectin level and patient’s outcome.
Ecobiology Test of Mantangan Species (Merremia peltata (L.) Merr.) from the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Lampung Kurniawati - Kurniawati; Muhadiono Muhadiono; Iwan Hilwan
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 9 No. 2 (2019)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

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Abstract

Mantangan (Merremia peltata (L.) Merr.) is a woody liana. Nowadays, it has become invasive in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park. The objectives of this research were to analyze: 1) effect of light intensity on the growth of mantangan in natural and artificial shade, 2) effect of sand addition to the soil media and trimming on the growth rate of mantangan. Forest profile was made at the field in three locations with three light intensity levels: low, moderate, and high. A completely randomized design by three factors: shade, soil media and trimming were used. Parameters measured were stem length, leaf and buds number, fresh and dry weight. Forest profile analysis showed that high light intensity forest was dominated bay mantangan. In contrast, growth of mantangan was inhibited in low light intensity (75% shade), with lower dry weight (1.50 g). Soil media and trimming did not affect significantly on growth of mantangan.
Mangroves and Their Response to a Heavy Metal Polluted Wetland in The North Coast of Puerto Rico Marixa Maldonado-Román; Johannys Jiménez-Collazo; Karlo Malavé-Llamas; Juan C. Musa-Wasil
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 6 No. 3 (2016)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.06.03.13

Abstract

Peninsula La Esperanza is part of the San Juan Bay Estuary and located in the north coast of Puerto Rico. Mangroves are the predominant type of vegetation; that can exhibit diverse external and internal mechanisms allowing them to tolerate and to act as phytoremediators of heavy metals (HM) in surrounding soils. This study was focused in three mangrove species that can be found in La Esperanza: Rhizophora mangle (RM), Laguncularia racemosa (LR) and Avicennia germinans (AG). Arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) were selected to be identified, measure concentrations in sediments, in green (GL) and senescent (SL) leaves, and study phytoremediation potential as a mitigation alternative calculating bioconcentration afctors (BCFs) and retranslocation percents (RT%). For this, Peninsula La Esperanza was divided in three main research sites. Our results show a significant difference among all heavy metals and their distribution in each site. Moreover, the mangrove species, A. germinans, showed lower RT% for Hg in all three sites, which could be considered the best species for phytoextraction of this heavy metal. The results suggest that the three species have a synergistic effect in the way they manage the heavy metal in surrounding polluted soils, although each species have a different capacity to manage each heavy metal.
Cross Reaction among Antibody Pili sub unit Hemagglutinin Proteins and Outer Membrane sub unit Hemagglutinin Proteins of Shigella flexneri Avin Ainur Fitrianingsih; Lailia Nur Rachma; Alvi Milliana; Tinny Endang Hernowati; Aulanni'am Aulanni'am; Sanarto Santoso; Sumarno Reto Prawiro
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 7 No. 1 (2017)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.07.01.01

Abstract

Shigella  flexneri is the most common causal agent of shigellosis. Its pili are composed of pili protein subunits. Adhesion molecules can be found on the pili and outer membrane proteins (Omp). A hemagglutination reaction can be used for screening of adhesion molecules. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the molecular weight of the pili protein subunits and outer membrane proteins of S. flexneri that act as hemagglutinin proteins, and to prove whether there is a cross-reaction between antibodies against hemagglutinin pili protein subunits and outer membrane proteins of S. flexneri. Methods: Pili protein subunits were isolated using pili bacteria cutters, and the outer membrane proteins were solubilized and obtained using sodium dodecyl sulfate 0.05% as detergent for Omp isolation.  The hemagglutination reaction used mice erythrocytes. The cross reactions between subunit pili proteins were conducted by Western blot and Dot blot. Results:. Antibodies against hemagglutinin sub unit pili protein 18 kDa responded to pili protein subunits 18 kDa; 23 kDa; 34 kDa; and 53 kDa; and Omp 23 kDa and 27 kDa. Omp and subunit pili proteins S. flexneri consists of several identical epitopes  that were responsible for the similarity of the response profile in the cross-reactions of antibodies. 

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