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Konversi
Published by Universitas Lambung Mangkurat
ISSN : 23023686     EISSN : 25413481     DOI : -
Core Subject : Education,
Education
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 263 Documents
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TRADITIONAL MARKET SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT STUDY IN KEPANJEN, MALANG DISTRICT Hardianto Hardianto; I Nyoman Sudiasa; Shendy Hilda Sari
Konversi Vol 9, No 2 (2020): Oktober 2020
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v9i2.9080

Abstract

Traditional markets are commercial areas that produce household-type solid waste so that the generation, composition, and the characteristics of the solid waste in Kepanjen Market will be different. This research is related to the reduction potential to improve solid waste management with the aim of determining the generation, composition, characteristics, collection and the transportation of the solid waste. The data used in this study include operational technical solid waste data, as well as secondary data such as area, number of traders, solid waste management resources, collection facilities, transportation routes, supporting maps. Solid waste generation calculation uses load-count analysis method. Calculation of solid waste composition uses the crossroad method. Calculation of physical characteristics includes specific gravity of solid waste. Calculation of transportation of solid waste uses the Hauled Container System method. Mass balance is analyzed using recovery factor values. The results of the analysis show that the solid waste generation average is 2.94 m3/day, with a specific gravity of 190.03 kg/m3. The highest composition of solid waste is food solid waste by 28.67% and vegetable and fruit solid waste by 22.67%. These components can be used as compost raw materials. The potential reduction with the mass balance method shows that the residue is 201.49 kg/day, reduction scenario can reduce solid waste by 36.06% of the total load that must be transported to the Final Processing Site. The solid waste transport result with the capacity/size of 6-10 m3 of a transport vehicle (arm roll truck) shows that the effective working hours for 8 hours can pick up the solid waste in 1 trip, and the transport fleet can serve other markets.
ADSORPTION OF Zn AND Pb METAL IN PRINTING WASTE OF PT. GRAFIKA WANGI KALIMANTAN USING CORN COBS CHARCOAL AS ADSORBENT Isna Syauqiah; Fajar Insan Kusuma; Mardiana Mardiana
Konversi Vol 9, No 1 (2020): April 2020
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v9i1.9075

Abstract

Heavy metals produced from several industrial processes cause many environmental problems. Efforts made to overcome this heavy metal pollution include adsorption methods. Agricultural by-products have the potential as an adsorbent, one of which is corn cobs. In this study, corncobs were used as Pb and Zn adsorbents. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of particle size and stirring speed in the process of Zn and Pb metal absorption using activated charcoal. Adsorption was done by mixing 100 mL waste of PT. Grafika Wangi Kalimantan with 10 grams of activated charcoal measuring 355 micron, 500 micron and 710 micron. Each mixture is stirred for 15 minutes at speeds of 30, 60, 90, and 120 rpm and then allowed to stand for 3 hours. Analysis of the absorbed Zn and Pb metal content was carried out using a spectrophotometer at adjusted wavelengths. The greater the stirring speed, and the small size of the active charcoal particle used, decrease of Zn and Pb levels is increasing due to the better absorption of adsorbate by the adsorbent. The biggest decrease in Zn and Pb levels was seen at a stirring speed of 90 rpm and the active charcoal particle size of 355 microns where the Zn and Pb parameters contained in the sample were <0.01 mg / L.
EFFECT OF NAOH CONCENTRATION AND RESIDENCE TIME ON THE CONVERSION OF REMOVAL OF Ca2+ AND Mg2+ IN SEAWATER CONTINUOUSLY USING AN BAFFLED REACTOR Dita Nurmala Tristanti; Harishul Ulum; Soemargono Soemargono; Nove Kartika Erliyanti
Konversi Vol 10, No 1 (2021): April 2021
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v10i1.10339

Abstract

The aims of this study were to determine the effect NaOH concentration and residence time on the conversion of calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) removal as impurities. The concentration of NaOH used in this study were 0.05N, 0,1N, 0.15N, and 0,2N. The reactor used in this study is an baffled reactor equipped with air as a stirrer with air flow rates of 10000, 15000, 20000, 25000, and 30000 ml/minute. The ratio between the flow rate of seawater toward the flow rate of NaOH solution in this study was 85ml/minute : 25ml/minute.The results showed that the NaOH concentration and residence time had a significant effect on the conversion of removal of (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) impurities. The best results were obtained at 0.25N NaOH concentration, residence time of 13,08 minute, and gas flow rate of 30000ml/minute with removal conversion of calcium (Ca2+) of 73.083% and magnesium (Mg2+) of 89.621%.
EFFECT OF STIRRING SPEED ON CADMIUM (Cd) METAL ADSORPTION FROM SASIRANGAN LIQUID WASTE BY RICE HUSK ACTIVATED CARBON Isna Syauqiah; Desi Nurandini; Nopi Stiyati Prihatini; Rizki Azkia Simanjuntak
Konversi Vol 10, No 1 (2021): April 2021
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v10i1.9916

Abstract

South Kalimantan is one of the textile industry producers, which is Sasirangan industry.The traditional fabric-making process involves chemicals as the production process. Sasirangan liquid waste contains pollutants that do not meet the requirements for disposal into the environment, including cadmium (Cd). Adsorption process is an effective method to reduce heavy metal concentrations in liquid waste. This study aims to determine the potential of rice husk activated carbon in adsorbing Cd metal from  sasirangan liquid waste and to analyze the effect of stirring speed on the adsorption process. The rice husks that had been carbonized were then activated chemically and physically. Chemical activation process was carried out by adding chemical compound HCl which was immersed for 24 hours. Furthermore, it was physically activated in the furnace for 45 minutes at 4500C. In case to get optimum result, the effect of stirring speed on the adsorption process was studied. The stirring speed determines the rate of adsorbent and adsorbate contact time. The higher the stirring speed, the higher the decrease in Cd content because adsorbate absorption process by  adsorbent is getting better. The greatest decrease in Cd concentration was by carbon that had been activated  with a stirring speed of 90 rpm where the remaining Cd content in the sample was 0.018 mg / L.
POTENTIALS OF PLASTIC WASTE FOR MAKING BRICKETS: THE EFFECT OF COMPOSITION ON PROCSIMATE ANALYSIS Erlinda Ningsih; Kartika Udyani
Konversi Vol 9, No 2 (2020): Oktober 2020
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v9i2.8824

Abstract

Penanganan untuk mengurangi dan pemanfaatan limbah plastik masih belum optimal. Volume limbah plastik terus bertambah seiring bertambahnya jumlah penduduk. Limbah plastik merupakan sumber pencemaran lingkungan yang sulit terdegradasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengkaji pengaruh komposisi arang limbah plastik sebagai bahan baku briket terhadap analisa proksimat. Limbah plastik yang digunakan adalah tutup botol dan kemasan makanan ringan. Pirolisis dilakukan pada suhu 450oC untuk tutup botol dan 280oC untuk kemasan makanan ringan dengan lama prosesnya 60 menit. Ukuran partikel arang plastik adalah 40,60, dan 100 mesh. Komposisi arang plastik tutup botol dan makanan ringan dikombinasikan 1:90; 50:50; 90:1 dengan penambahan tepung tapioka sebagai perekat. Analisa yang dilakukan terhadap briket plastik ini adalah proksimat meliputi kandungan air, abu, volatile matter, karbon terikat dan nilai kalor. Berdasarkan hasil analisa proksimat didapatkan kandungan air 5,47%, kadar abu 4,95%, volatile matter 13, kadar karbon terikat 76,58% dan nilai kalor sebesar 8565,914 cal/gram. Data analisa proksimat yang didapatkan sudah memenuhi standar SNI. Kata kunci : Limbah, Plastik, Briket, Kompoisi, Proksimat.
MAKING PAPER FROM MIXTURE OF OIL PALM FRONDS (OPF) AND OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES (OPEFB) Nanna Nanna; Syahrul Rhamadhani; Siti Aminah; Aji Larasati Putri Riadi; Novy Pralisa Putri
Konversi Vol 9, No 2 (2020): Oktober 2020
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v9i2.9079

Abstract

The oil palm industry produces solid waste such as oil palm fronds (OPF) and empty fruit bunches (OPEFB), but the utilization of the OPEFB waste is still limited to composting. Even the palm fronds are only left on the farm without being processed. While both types of waste contain a lot of cellulose and can be processed into more economic value. In addition to compost, the two types of waste can be used as pulp and paper. Hence, in this study, the two wastes are processed into the paper with a variety of concentrations of solvents and mixtures. The aim is to determine the effect of solvent concentration in the process of making paper pulp and the effect of the comparison of the mixture of paper pulp with the characteristics of the paper produced. Each material is processed into pulp by the soda process using sodium hydroxide as a solvent. While the solvent concentration used is 20%, 30%, and 40% for materials from OPEFB, while the material from OPF is only mixed with 20% sodium hydroxide solution. Then the pulp, OPEFB pulp with various variations of solvent, mixed pulp with the ratio of OPF pulp and OPEFB pulp of 1: 3; 1: 1; and 3: 1 processed into paper. The resulting paper was analyzed to study folding strength, tear strength, and paper thickness. The results of the study prove that the folding endurance and tear resistance of the paper have smaller in the greater concentration of the solvent. By contrast, the thickness of the paper is greater. Besides, more the mass of OPEFB in the pulp mixture, then the folding endurance and tear resistance of the paper have less, while the thickness is decreasing. 
BIOCONVERSION OF MUNICIPAL ORGANIC WASTE USING BLACK SOLDIER FLY LARVAE INTO COMPOST AND LIQUID ORGANIC FERTILIZER Abdul Kahar; Muhammad Busyairi; Sariyadi Sariyadi; Agus Hermanto; Ari Ristanti
Konversi Vol 9, No 2 (2020): Oktober 2020
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v9i2.9176

Abstract

Bioconversion of municipal organic waste using Black Soldier Fly larvae provides potential benefits. Apart from reducing municipal solid waste, BSF larvae (maggot) offer valuable added value as animal feed. The purpose of this study was to analyze the potential of BSF larvae in the bioconversion process of municipal organic waste, to analyze the quality of the compost produced and to analyze the nutrition content of BSF larvae (maggot). BSF eggs in hatching are covered with gauze which are given organic waste feed, then after hatching they become BSF larvae transferred to enlargement media. BSF larvae are fed leftovers that enter the TPST, so that the enlargement medium is wet. Feeding leftovers from TPST is done every day. The rearing time for BSF larvae is for one life cycle. Maggot harvesting is carried out at the age of the larva about 2-3 weeks. The final products of organic waste bioconversion are BSF larvae (maggot), compost and POC. It was found that the BSF larvae (maggot) could reduce organic waste (municipal organic waste) by 47.75%. Where the ability of BSF larvae (maggot) to consume municipal organic waste is 26,1508 g waste / g maggot. The protein, crude fat and ash content in maggots which were given organic waste were 41.8%, 14.63% 9.12%, respectively.
BRIQUETTES FROM ACACIA SAWDUST AND COCONUT HUSK WITH RUBBER GUM ADHESIVE Hesti Wijayanti; Ruby Adijaya; Gusti Muhammad Misuari
Konversi Vol 10, No 1 (2021): April 2021
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v10i1.9861

Abstract

Ketersediaan sumber energi utama dari bahan bakar fosil yang sangat terbatas, menyebabkan perlu adanya pengembangan sumber energi alternatif sebagai upaya pemenuhan konsumsi energi yang semakin tinggi. Sumber energi alternatif yang dapat diperbaharui di Indonesia cukup banyak, diantaranya adalah biomassa. Karena rendahnya berat jenis biomassa meyebabkan timbulnya masalah dalam pengemasan dan pengangkutan, oleh karena itu proses pembuatan briket merupakan langkah yang tepat dalam mengatasi masalah tersebut. Proses pembuatan briket menggunakan bahan baku berupa serbuk gergaji dan serabut kelapa. Kedua bahan tersebut dipilih karena bahannya mudah didapat dan harganya yang murah. Kedua bahan tersebut diarangkan pada suhu 500 oC selama 240 menit. Variasi yang digunakan adalah komposisi serbuk gergaji dan serabut kelapa yaitu 100, 50:50, 70:30 dan 30:70 dan komposisi perekat getah karet yaitu 30%, 30% dan 50%. Briket kemudian dilakukan pengujian yaitu uji kadar air, kadar abu, volatil matter, fixed carbon, uji kerapatan dan uji kalor. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, maka didapatkan Komposisi briket terbaik adalah 100% serbuk gergaji berdasarkan uji Fixed Carbon dan Volatil Matter. Sedangkan berdasarkan uji kadar air dan kadar abu, komposisi terbaiknya masing-masing adalah 0:100 dan 30:70. Komposisi perekat terbaik adalah 30% berdasarkan uji Kadar air, Fixed Carbon dan Volatil Matter. Sedangkan berdasarkan uji kadar abu, komposisi terbaiknya adalah 50%.
REDUCTION OF MERCURY CONTENT IN LIQUID MEDIA BY ADSORPTION PROCESS USING COAL FLY ASH Doni Rahmat Wicakso; Maya Puspita Sari; Ni Luh Ratna A. K. D.
Konversi Vol 9, No 1 (2020): April 2020
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v9i1.9071

Abstract

Industrial and technological advancements have been able to improve the welfare of humanity, but present the consequences of environmental pollution which ultimately also affects human life. The well water used by residents as a necessity of life can be polluted due to gold mining because the gold mining is located not far from the residential area. The purpose of this study is to determine the levels of mercury in the liquid medium before and after the adsorption process, determine the ability of coal fly ash as an adsorbent in absorbing mercury in the liquid medium and determine the optimum contact times in mass variations of coal fly ash.Activation of coal fly ash was done by calcination for 2 hours, followed by measurement of initial concentration for liquid medium, the adsorption process is carried out with a coal fly ash mass variation of 4, 6, 8 and 10 g, and variations of adsorption time that is 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 minutes. From the results of the study, obtained levels of mercury in the liquid medium before the adsorption process was carried out at 0.3263 ppm and after the adsorption process ranged from 0.2053 to 0.3023 ppm. Thus, coal fly ash has a low absorption ability to mercury in liquid medium and the best contact time where adsorption occurs for a mass of 6 g is at 10 minutes which is equal to 0.1210 ppm.
UTILIZATION OF TOFU LIQUID WASTE INTO BIOGAS: REVIEW Lukhi Mulia Shitophyta; Sarifa Kaisupy; Indah Puspita Sari
Konversi Vol 10, No 1 (2021): April 2021
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v10i1.10033

Abstract

Tofu production produces by-products in the form of liquid waste and solid waste. Tofu liquid waste which contains organic compounds has not been able to be managed properly. Industry owners only disposed of wastes into the environment. It causes water pollution and unpleasant odors around the tofu industry. One of the solutions to reduce environmental pollution is to utilize tofu liquid waste as alternative energy, namely biogas. The management of tofu liquid waste into biogas for the household scale tofu industry can use a fixed bed reactor, batch scale anaerobic reactor, and anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) up-flow reactor. The UASB reactor is the best reactor for processing tofu liquid waste into biogas on a household scale. The volume of biogas produced by the UASB reactor was 11.115 liters, while the volume of biogas produced by the fixed bed reactor and batch scale anaerobic digester reactor was 3.5 liters and 1.525 liters, respectively.

Page 18 of 27 | Total Record : 263

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