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Konversi
Published by Universitas Lambung Mangkurat
ISSN : 23023686     EISSN : 25413481     DOI : -
Core Subject : Education,
Education
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 263 Documents
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BIOETHANOL FROM GROUNDNUT SHELL WASTE WITH ACID HYDROLYSIS AND FERMENTATION PROCESS Elvianto Dwi Daryono
Konversi Vol 9, No 2 (2020): Oktober 2020
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v9i2.8723

Abstract

Masalah keterbatasan bahan bakar minyak di belahan dunia termasuk Indonesia sudah memasuki tahapan yang serius dikarenakan sebagian besar masyarakat masih menggunakan minyak bumi sebagai sumber bahan bakar utama. Bioetanol merupakan salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut dimana bahan bakar ini dapat dibuat dari bahan yang mengandung gula, pati, maupun serat sehingga dapat diperbaharui. Limbah kulit kacang tanah merupakan bahan baku yang sangat potensial karena kandungan seratnya cukup tinggi yaitu 54,38%. Limbah kulit kacang tanah sebagian besar dibuang sebagai limbah dan hanya sebagian kecil yang dimanfaatkan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh massa ragi Saccharomyces cereviceae dan waktu fermentasi limbah kulit kacang tanah terhadap kadar etanol yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan kulit kacang tanah dengan kadar selulosa awal 41%, hemiselulosa awal 1% dan lignin awal 14,3%. Setelah pretreatment dengan menggunakan larutan HNO3 0,5 N pada suhu 28⁰C selama 1 jam, kadar selulosa naik menjadi 55,2%, kadar hemiselulosa naik menjadi 5,9% dan kadar lignin turun menjadi 2,1%. Proses hidrolisa asam dengan 10 ml H2SO4 98% pada suhu 100⁰C selama 1 jam didapatkan kadar glukosa 23,698%. Dari hasil proses fermentasi anaerob yang dilakukan pada pH 4,5 didapatkan kadar etanol tertinggi yaitu 0,1729% dari hasil analisa GC pada fermentasi hari ke 9 dengan massa ragi Saccharomyces cereviceae sebanyak 9 gram.
UTILIZATION OF CHITOSAN FROM SHRIMP SHELLS WASTE FOR REDUCTION IRON (Fe) METAL CONTENT IN MARTAPURA RIVER Hesti Wijayanti; Hijratul Wahdi; Winardi Nooryanto
Konversi Vol 9, No 1 (2020): April 2020
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v9i1.9073

Abstract

The Martapura River in South Kalimantan contains quite high levels of metals, namely Fe metal which allows the presence of excessive metal elements. According to KEPMENKES, clean water standards contain Fe of 0.3 mg/L. Based on testing, the Fe content contained in the Martapura River water was 2.8 mg/L. One effort to reduce the content of these metals is using adsorbents made from shrimp shells. This shrimp shell waste contains chitin, so if further treatment is given, it is expected to be used as an adsorbent to reduce Fe levels in the Martapura River.The study was conducted using shrimp shells with sizes of 1000 microns, 710 microns and 500 microns. This shrimp shell is deproteinized, the shrimp shell is added with a 3.5% NaOH solution (w/v). Then the demineralization process is carried out, where the dry residue obtained from the previous process is added with 1N HCl solution in a ratio of 1:15 (w/v). From this process chitin is produced, then chitin is deacetylized with 50% NaOH (w/v). Then the samples were tested with a DR-2500 spectrophotometer after being passed to a continuous adsorption device. From the results of the study, it was found that chitosan is very effective in reducing Fe metal content in the Martapura River, the quality of clean water produced reaches the clean water quality standards set. The results of the study at 500 microns size obtained the smallest Fe metal content of 0.05 mg/L.
EFFECT OF BOTTLE CAP SHAPE AS AEROBIC BIOFILTER MEDIA TO TREAT SHRIMP COLD STORAGE WASTEWATER Arlini Dyah Radityaningrum; Siti Rukmana; Ro’du Dhuha Afrianisa
Konversi Vol 10, No 1 (2021): April 2021
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v10i1.9749

Abstract

Industri penyimpanan udang menghasilkan limbah cair dengan konsentrasi BOD5 dan COD yang belum memenuhi Peraturan Gubernur Jawa Timur Nomor 72 Tahun 2013. Konsentrasi BOD5 dan COD adalah 411 mg/L dan 1580,6 mg/L. Biofilter aerobik merupakan alternatif pengolahan limbah cair industri penyimpanan udang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pengaruh bentuk tutup botol sebagai media biofilter aerobik dalam menurunkan konsentrasi BOD5 dan COD pada limbah cair industri penyimpanan udang. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada skala laboratorium dengan reaktor biofilter aerobik yang beroperasi secara batch. Variasi bentuk media yang digunakan adalah bentuk media tutup botol berlubang dan tidak berlubang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk media berlubang memberikan efisiensi penurunan konsentrasi BOD5 dan COD lebih tinggi daripada media tidak berlubang. Bentuk media berlubang maupun tidak berlubang tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap konsentrasi BOD5 dan COD pada efluen biofilter aerobik. Konsentrasi BOD5 dan COD efluen biofilter aerobik adalah 68,2 mg/L dan 175,6 mg/L dengan media berlubang, serta 75 mg/L dan 208,2 mg/L dengan media tidak berlubang. Konsentrasi BOD5 dan COD telah memenuhi baku mutu dalam Peraturan Gubernur Jawa Timur Nomor 72 Tahun 2013.
MASS TRANSFER COEFFICIENT OF EXTRACTION TANNIN COMPOUNDS FROM PAPAYA LEAVES WITH 96% ETHANOL SOLVENT Devri Eko Nurwahyuwono; Viola Eka Afrienty; Soemargono Soemargono; Nove Kartika Erliyanti
Konversi Vol 10, No 1 (2021): April 2021
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v10i1.10414

Abstract

Papaya leaves contain antibacterial compounds such as flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins.. Tannins are compounds that are often used as antibacterial, antioxidant, pest control, plant fungi, tanners and as a corrosion inhibitor.In this study, the value of the mass transfer coefficient was determined. This study used two varied operating conditions, namely stirring rotational speed (100, 200, 300 rpm) and extraction time (30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes). The extraction process is carried out using a stirred extractor at a temperature of 65 ° C.The value of the mass transfer coefficient obtained is 0.00004 second-1 (100 rpm), 0.00005 second-1 (200 rpm), and 0.00007 second-1 (300 rpm) for the best concentration obtained at 150 minutes with speed turn the stirrer 300 rpm
PREPARATION OF AN ORGANOSILICA-BASED MEMBRANE FROM TEOS-MTES AND ITS APPLICATION FOR DESALINATION OF WETLAND SALINE WATER Lilis Septyaningrum; Rahmawati Rahmawati; Fitri Ria Mustalifah; Aulia Rahma; Dewi Puspita Sari; Muthia Elma
Konversi Vol 9, No 2 (2020): Oktober 2020
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v9i2.9392

Abstract

When hot season, South Kalimantan society which especially, in Muara Halyung village frequently go through clean water lacking. It becomes worst by water dirtied on wetland aquifer aftermath the seawater intrusion. Wetland water sources become saline and cannot be used for household needs. Organosilica membrane technology is one of methods can be used to remove salt contain in water. This study aims are to investigate the functionalization and organosilica membrane performance from TEOS-MTES which calcined on particularly temperature for wetland saline water desalination. Synthesis of organosilica sol was conducted by sol-gel method. Then the dried sol was calcined at 350°C and 600 °C, and characterized by FTIR (Fourier Transform InfraRed). Subsequently organosilica membrane was applicated for wetland saline water desalination via pervaporation. The result shows organosilica membrane performance was obtained the water flux 10,55 and 0,87 kg.m-2h-1 which calcined at 350 and 600 °C. The salt rejection in all membrane exhibits extremely high over 99%. It evinces the organosilica membrane from TEOS-MTES which calcined at 350 °C is great to applicated for wetland saline water desalination by both of water fluxes and salt rejection showed high.
THE DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF A CENTRALIZED DOMESTIC WASTEWATER SEWERAGE SYSTEM NETWORK IN THE SOUTH AREA OF SURAKARTA Aprillia Bunga Firdaus; Arqowi Pribadi; Sulistiya Nengse; Teguh Taruna Utama; Widya Nilandita
Konversi Vol 9, No 2 (2020): Oktober 2020
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v9i2.8889

Abstract

Surakarta merupakan kota pertama dan menjadi kota percontohan di Indonesia untuk penerapan sistem sanitasi terpusat (off-site system). Kepadatan penduduk Kota Surakarta saat ini relatif tinggi dengan laju pertumbuhan penduduk per-tahun mulai 2010-2018 adalah 0,435% serta kepadatan penduduk mencapai 11.718,78 jiwa/km2. Dari hasil evaluasi yang telah dilakukan, diketahui bahwa cakupan pelayanan sanitasi terpusat Kota Surakarta untuk jalur selatan masih mencapai angka 21,99% sehingga perlu dilakukan optimalisasi dan atau pengembangan jaringan perpipaan sanitasi terpusat (off-site system). Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut, perencanaan pengembangan jaringan sistem penyaluran air limbah domestik terpusat Kota Surakarta jalur selatan akan direncanakan pemasangan pipa lateral dan sambungan rumah (SR). Perencanaan pengembangan jaringan sistem penyaluran air limbah domestik terpusat (SPALD-T) jalur selatan Kota Surakarta menggunakan sistem gravitasi. Topografi wilayah jalur selatan Kota Surakarta relatif datar dengan elevasi berkisar antara 90 – 110 meter dan menyesuaikan dengan jaringan pipa sekunder maupun primer eksisting. Total sambungan rumah (SR) baru adalah sebanyak 175 SR yang terbagi atas 5 kelurahan. Dimensi pipa yang digunakan adalah sebesar 100 mm untuk pipa SR dan 150 mm untuk pipa lateral serta memiliki kecepatan swa bersih perhitungan <0,6 m/dt dan kedalaman galian <3meter. Total rencana anggaran biaya pada perencanaan ini adalah sebesar ± Rp 2.387.100.000,00.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND TIME ON DRYING OF RAW MATERIALS IN THE CASSAVA AND SWEET POTATO FLOUR PRODUCTION ON THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Primata Mardina; Laila Amalia Sari; Erna Noerhayati
Konversi Vol 9, No 1 (2020): April 2020
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v9i1.9074

Abstract

This study aims to obtain the optimum temperature and time of raw materials drying in the manufacture of cassava and sweet potatoes flour, and studying the physical and chemical properties of cassava and sweet potatoes flour through a series of tests. Cassava and sweet potatoes as raw material are cut 1 mm thick and then dried with a temperature of 70, 85, 100oC, each drying time of 3 and 4 hours. Both materials are made into flour, then physical and chemical quality analysis is tested. The results showed that the optimum drying temperature and time of raw materials in making cassava and sweet potatoes flour were 70oC for 3 hours. The physical and chemical properties of the resulting flour are quite good overall and qualified samples are 70oC flour with 3 and 4 hours, and sweet potato with 3 hours and 85oC.
STUDY OF THE POTENTIAL OF CO2 ABSORPTION BY VEGETATION BASED ON NORMALIZED DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX (NDVI) VALUE Ahmad Jauhari; Mufidah Asy’ari; Ria Rahmadanti; Nafta Hazama; Niken Larasati Kusuma Dewi; Andre Toberto Martias
Konversi Vol 10, No 1 (2021): April 2021
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v10i1.9760

Abstract

Abstrak: Peningkatan gas rumah kaca (GRK) sebagai salah satu penyebab perubahan iklim. Salah satu gas yang berperan pada GRK adalah karbon dioksida (CO2). Kandungan CO2 di atmosfer diduga meningkat sekitar 0.03-0.06% dan menyebabkan kenaikan suhu sebesar 4.25°F (Fardiaz 1992). Hutan berperan dalam upaya peningkatan penyerapan CO2. Sebaran dan potensi hutan dapat diketahui dengan pendekatan nilai NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) yang telah diolah dari data citra satelit LANDSAT-8 liputan tahun 2018. Penelitian ini dilakukan di areal Kota Banjarbaru. Penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survey. Analisa data yang digunakan adalah analisa NDVI. Hasil penelitian pada area contoh menunjukkan potensi daya serap CO2 oleh tanaman tingkat tiang dan pohon di Banjarbaru (seluas 29.716 ha) pada kerapatan tegakan sangat rendah (5.200,9 ha), rendah (6.346,7 ha) rendah hingga sedang (1.019,2 ha) berturut-turut dari 230.502 tonC, 408.696 tonC,  dan 175.077 tonC. Secara keseluruhan, daya serap CO2 oleh tanaman pada tingkat tiang dan pohon pada berbagai kerapatan adalah sebesar 814.276 ton Carbon.Kata Kunci: NDVI, Serapan Karbon, GRK, CO2.
ISOLATION OF CLOVE ESSENTIAL OIL BY FERMENTATION PROCESS Khurotul Ainiyah; Fita Andriyani; Soemargono Soemargono; Nove Kartika Erliyanti
Konversi Vol 10, No 1 (2021): April 2021
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v10i1.10415

Abstract

Clove essential oil is processed product of clove leaves which is used as perfumes and medicines. In general, the method used to extract clove leaf essential oil is the steam distillation method. This method has not maximized the yield essential oils produced because a lot of essential oils are still trapped in plant tissues. Modification of the essential oil isolation methods to produce more yields needs to be done, one of which is the fermentation method with the help Rhizopus oligosporus before the distillation process is carried out. The fermentation method is able to destroy the oil tissues on the leaves using enzymes produced by rhizopus oligosporus. The aims of this study were to isolate the essential oil clove leaves and look for the effect of the mass and fermentation time on the yield and content of clove leaf essential oil compounds produced. The results showed that the isolation  essential oils using fermentation methods was successfully carried out, the mass and fermentation time had a significant influence on the yield and content of essential oil chemical compounds. The best result was obtained at a mass of 35 grams with a fermentation time of 36 hours with a yield 0.32% and the content eugenol, caryopillene compounds obtained respectively at 93.43% and 2.28%.
EDIBLE FILM FUNCTIONAL OF BANANA PEEL AND CHICKEN EGG FLOUR WITH CINNAMON LEAF (Cinnamomum burmanii) EXTRACT Nor Asiyah; Agata Febby Ayuningtyas; Fitri Halisyah; Iryanti Fatyasari Nata
Konversi Vol 9, No 2 (2020): Oktober 2020
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v9i2.9286

Abstract

The biggest obstacle to the food industry is the limited shelf life of products. One approach to reduce this problem is by using edible film. Edible film is a thin layer that can be consumed and as a protective food material against the environment such as water vapor, oxygen, and air humidity. This study aims to evaluate the edible film made in terms of the mass composition of chicken egg shell flour and banana peel flour, determine the optimum composition of the addition of cinnamon leaf extract (Cinnamomum burmanii) as a source of antioxidants, test the physical and chemical properties and the ability to apply the resulting edible film. Edible film was made from a mixture of chicken eggshell flour (5%, 10%, 15% w/w) and banana peel pectin (6 g) in distilled water (93.5 mL), then added with cinnamon leaf extract with various compositions (0.025). %, 0.050%, 0.075%, 0.10% v/v) then added glycerol (1.5 g). The mixture was heated to a temperature of ± 96 0C, 1000 rpm for 40 minutes. The best composition of the edible film produced with 10% chicken eggshell flour containing 0.10% cinnamon leaf extract. The benefits of this functional edible film can help to extend the shelf life of food and be environmentally friendly.

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