Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics ISSN: 2302-9285 is open to submission from scholars and experts in the wide areas of electrical, electronics, instrumentation, control, telecommunication, computer engineering, computer science, information technology and informatics from the global world. The journal publishes original papers in the field of electrical (power), electronics, instrumentation & control, telecommunication and computer engineering; computer science; information technology and informatics. Authors must strictly follow the guide for authors. Please read these instructions carefully and follow them strictly. In this way you will help ensure that the review and publication of your paper is as efficient and quick as possible. The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that are not in accordance with these instructions.
Articles
539 Documents
Modeling and development of radio frequency planar interdigital electrode sensors
Muhammad Farhan Affendi bin Yunos;
Anis Nurashikin Nordin;
Anwar Zainuddin;
Sheroz Khan
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i3.1513
The interdigital sensor has been implemented in various field of applications such as microwave device, chemical sensor and biological sensor. This work describes the design and fabrication of an interdigital sensor (IDS) design that has the potential of estimating blood glucose levels using capacitive measurements. The IDS was first designed using theoretical equations and later was optimized by using CST Microwave Studio®. The electrode widths of the sensor were varied from 0.5mm to 0.7mm and the S11 reflection characteristics were simulated.Upon completion of simulations, the sensor was fabricated using copper clad FR4 boards. The fabricated sensors were measured using a vector network analyzer (VNA) and produced resonance frequencies of 2.02, 2.11 and 2.14 GHz. The highest Q obtained was 11.72 from the 2.11 GHz sensor.
Design and optimize microstrip patch antenna array using the active element pattern technique
Khamis Ali;
Norun Abdul Malek;
Ahmad Zamani Jusoh;
Sarah Yasmin Mohamad;
Zuhairiah Zainal Abidin;
Ani Liza Asnawi
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i3.1516
Microstrip patch antennas are widely used in modern day communication devices due to their light weight, low cost and ease of fabrication. In this paper, we have designed and fabricated two Microstrip Patch Antennas (slotted-ring and truncated-slotted ring) and array at 2.4 GHz for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications using Computer Simulation Technology, CST. The antenna design consists of rectangular radiating patch on Rogers RT5880 substrate and is excited by using coaxial probe feeding technique. The truncated-slotted ring has been designed on top of the radiating patch to improve bandwidth. The simulation and measurement results of the both antennas are in close agreement with each other. Due to the good agreement of simulation and measurement results of truncated-slotted ring antenna in comparison with slotted-ring antenna, it has been selected for antenna array design. The simulated and measured S11 of truncated-slotted ring antenna shows -21dB and -15.6 dB at 2.4 GHz respectively. Then, the antenna has been formed into 1x4 array in order to observe its beamforming capability. The proposed antenna array is suitable for 802.11b/g/n Wi-Fi standard which is proposed to be used for IoT.
Multiband antenna using stacked series array for Ka-Band application
Rauful Nibir;
Islam Md. Rafiqul;
Mohamed Hadi Habaebi;
Sarah Yasmin;
Naimul Mukit;
Sarah Rafiq;
Abdinasir S. O
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i3.1519
In this paper, a multiband stack series array antenna is designed in order to attain solutions for the future 28 GHz Ka-band application. Double layer substrate Technology is utilized to accomplish multiple resonant frequencies with higher data transfer capacities due to high bandwidth. The designed antenna is dependent on twofold layer consisting patches and resonators in different layers stacked together. The designed multiband antennas can resonate at single band of (28 GHz), dual band of (28 and 30 GHz) and triple band of (24.18, 26 and 28.453). The results achieved in the simulation are later fabricated and tested. The test result illustrates that the antennas have wide bandwidth, high gain and even higher efficiencies. All the proposed antenna configurations have demonstrated a decent possibility for 5G millimeter wave (mmwave) application.
Analysis of airborne dust effects on terrestrialmicrowave propagation in arid area
Elfatih A. A. Elsheikh;
Islam Md. Rafiqul;
Mohamad Hadi Habaebi;
Ahmad F. Ismail;
Z. E. O. Elshaikh;
F. M. Suliman;
Jalel Chebil
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i3.1528
Sand and dust storms are environmental phenomena ,during these storms optical visibility might be decreased, consequently, atmospheric attenuation is clearly noticed.Micro-wave (MW) and Milimeter-wave (mm) propagation is severely affected by dust and sand storms in considerable areas around the world. Suspended dust particles may directly cause attenuation and cross polarization to the Electromagnetic waves propagating through the storm. In this paper, a thorough investigation of dust storm characteristics based onmeasured optical visibility and relative humidity is presented. In addition,the dust storms effects of on Micro-wave and Millimeter-wave propagation have been studied based on data measured Received Signal levels (RSL)and dust storm characteristics synchronously. Analyticaldustattenuationmodels predictions are matched to the measured attenuationdata at 14 GHz and 21 GHz. It has been found that the measured attenuation is approximately ten times higher than the predicted attenuation for both frequencies.
Investigation of output power in ring CW fiber laser using graphene saturable absorber
Belal Ahmed Hamida;
Tawfig Eltaif;
Farhan Daniel Bin Mohd Noh;
Sheroz Khan
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i3.1497
This paper reported the effect of different coupling ratio in continuous wave fiber laser in a ring cavity configuration. Different coupling ratios of 10/90 and 50/50 were tested. Where the output power may vary depending on the ratio and it can be applied to specific area that requires either high or low output power. In addition, generation of passive Q-switched erbium doped fiber laser (EDFL) using graphene based saturable absorber in ring cavity using different coupling ratio was experimentally investigated. As a result, wavelength centered at 1566.62nm is obtain from EDFL cavity. Moreover, the cavity using coupler of 50/50 is capable to achieve Q-switched pulses as compared to the cavity using coupler of 10/90. Where the maximum output power recorded is 336mW with pulse repetition rate of 23.74 kHz. In addition, the pulse width is 3.84µs, and pulse energy is 14.15nJ.
26 GHz phase shifters for multi-beam nolen matrix towards fifth generation (5G) technology
Norhudah Seman;
Nazleen Syahira Mohd Suhaimi;
Tien Han Chua
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i3.1577
This paper presents the designs of phase shifters for multi-beam Nolen matrix towards the fifth generation (5G) technology at 26 GHz. The low-cost, lightweight and compact size 0° and 45° loaded stubs and chamfered 90°, 135° and 180° Schiffman phase shifters are proposed at 26 GHz. An edge at a corner of the 50 Ω microstrip line Schiffman phase shifter is chamfered to reduce the excess capacitance and unwanted reflection. However, the Schiffman phase shifter topology is not relevant to be applied for the phase shifter less than 45° as it needs very small arc bending at 26 GHz. The stubs are loaded to the phase shifter in order to obtain electrical lengths, which are less than 45°. The proposed phase shifters provide return loss better than 10 dB, insertion loss of -0.97 dB and phase difference imbalance of ± 4.04° between 25.75GHz and 26.25 GHz. The Rogers RT/duroid 5880 substrate with dielectric constant of 2.2 and substrate thickness of 0.254 mm is implemented in the designs.
Magnetic resonance coupling for 5G WPT applications
Saidatul Izyanie Kamarudin;
A. Ismail;
A. Sali;
M. Y. Ahmad
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i3.1582
Inductive Wireless Power Transfer (IWPT) is the most popular and common technology for the resonance coupling power transfer. However, in 2007 it has experimentally demonstrated by a research group from Massachusets Institute of Technology (MIT) that WPT can be improved by using Magnetic Resonance Coupling Wireless Power Transfer (MRC WPT) in terms of the coupling distance and efficiency. Furthermore, by exploiting the unused, high-frequency mm-wave band which are ranging from 3~300 GHz frequency band, the next 5G generations of wireless networks will be able to support a higher number of devices with the increasing data rate, higher energy efficiency and also compatible with the previous technology. In this work, a square planar inductor with the dimension of 6.1 x 6.1 mm is designed, and the resonators have the same self-resonance frequency at 14 GHz. The coil resonators have been laid on Silicon and Oxide substrate to reduce the loss in the design. From the CST software simulation and the analytical model in MATLAB software, it has been shown that the MRC WPT design has improved the performance of IWPT design by 40% power transfer efficiency. MRC WPT design also has larger H-Field value which is 705.5 A/m, as compared to the IWPT design which has only 285.6 A/m when both Transmitter(Tx) and Reciever(RX) is at 0.3 mm coupling distance.
Wideband and high gain dielectric resonator antenna for 5G applications
Irfan Ali;
Mohd Haizal Jamaluddin;
M. R. Kamarudin;
Abinash Gaya;
R. Selvaraju
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i3.1592
In this paper, wideband high gain dielectric resonator antenna for 5G applications is presented. Higher order mode is exploited to enhance the antenna gain, while the array of symmetrical cylindrical shaped holes drilled in the DRA to improves the bandwidth by reducing the quality factor. The proposed DRA is designed using dielectric material with relative permittivity of 10 and loss tangent of 0. 002.The Rogers RT/Droid 5880 has been selected as substrate with relative permittivity of 2.2, loss tangent of 0.0009- and 0.254-mm thickness. The simulated results show that, the proposed geometry has achieved a wide impedance bandwidth of 17.3% (23.8-28.3GHz=4.5 GHz) for S11<-10 dB, and a maximum gain of about 9.3 dBi with radiation efficiency of 96% at design frequency of 26 GHz. The DRA is feed by microstrip transmission line with slot aperture. The reflection coefficient, the radiation pattern, and the antenna gain are studied by full-wave EM simulator CST Microwave Studio. The proposed antenna can be used for the 5G communication applications such as device to device communication (D2D).
Performance evaluation of comprehensive bandwidth utilizationfor 10-gigabit passive optical network
N. A. Ismail;
Sevia Mahdaliza Idrus;
R. A. Butt;
F. Iqbal;
A. M. Zin;
F. Atan
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i3.1595
Bandwidth allocation during upstream transmission is crucial to determine the efficiency and performance of a XG-PON. For XG-PON, bandwidth assignment is done based on T-CONT which represents a traffic class as per ITU recommendation. DBA scheme used in this paper is based on CBU to assign bandwidth to ONUs based on the T-CONT supporting QoS as per SLA. In this paper, CATV traffic is used as traffic generator which used for generation of Ethernet frames and results showed expected trend of mean upstream delay for traffic class T2, T3 and T4 as compared to recommended value which is below 1.5ms. These results prove that CBU can also be implemented on real time traffic.
Impact of security breach on the upstream delay performance of next generation gigabit passive optical networks
F. M. Atan;
Nadiatulhuda Zulkifli;
S. M. Idrus;
N. A. Ismail;
A. M. Zin
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i3.1600
The next generation passive optical networks (NG-GPON) such as long reach GPON is the future-proof solution to answer the continuous demands for access user bandwidth and network expansion. However, security which is yet to be addressed in NG-GPON needs urgent attention as it will become more critical due to much longer distance, denser user population and more network elements. In addition, the longer propagation delay in NG-GPON can also lead to a more complex bandwidth allocation mechanism that is expected to operate in a dynamic manner. Among the highlights of recommendations for future implementation are improvements in the security aspect and the use of dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithm that suit the characteristics of long reach GPON. Current PON is exposed to degradation attack, a security breach that can harm how bandwidth fairness mechanism among ONUs work. Thus, this project proposes a secured DBA mechanism for NG-PON that could overcome this particular threat. In specific, a detection phase will be included in the DBA mechanism to sense and subsequently mitigate abnormal behaviours among ONUs that are harmful to the goal of DBA i.e. to ensure QoS among ONUs and traffics. At the same time, careful attention is given on the delay parameter as it is a critical parameter that can affect DBA performance in long reach GPON. In this paper, preliminary analysis is shown that reveal how possibility of threats increase with increasing of distance and network elements.