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PROtek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro
Published by Universitas Khairun
ISSN : 23548924     EISSN : 25279572     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy
PROtek adalah jurnal ilmiah teknik elektro yang pertama kali dipublikasikan pada September 2013. Jurnal PROtek berada di bawah asuhan Program Studi Teknik Elektro Fakultas Teknik Universitas Khairun, yang merupakan wadah ilmiah untuk menyebarluaskan hasil-hasil penelitian dan kajian analisis yang berkaitan dengan bidang keilmuan sistem tenaga listrik, teknik kendali, telekomunikasi, elektronika, dan teknologi informasi.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 407 Documents
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Pengembangan Permainan Labirin untuk Membantu Perkembangan Motorik Anak Kusuma, Graficha Aryudhetika
PROtek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro Vol 3, No 2 (2016): PRotek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Elektro Universitas Khairun

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33387/protk.v3i2.154

Abstract

Labyrinth an astound as a mind-boggling fanning street and has a great deal of stalemate which is regularly used to create motoric children, sharpen the capacity of kids to know the spaces, pathways through which to decide an area inside the labyrinth brought together entirety. In the garden of youth lesson, picture formed labyrinth just on paper and in making a way utilizing a pencil part of the picture there is less once recoloring. For this situation the enthusiasm for the tyke's enthusiasm for adapting less. Consequently, it requires new development a labyrinth diversion to premium youngsters in taking in the labyrinth. Multiplatform based instructive amusement planned to utilize SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) and assembled utilizing the Unity 3D, Blender 3D, Android SDK and Photoshop. This maze game breezed through the test with a questionnaire got from exhibiting this maze game in early youth and kindergarten. Aftereffects of the study were taken from poll information, there are around 90% of children preferred the look and the kid's enthusiasm for learning maze in instructive diversions.
Fruit Ripeness Classification System Using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Method Setiawan, Florentinus Budi; Adipradana, Christophorus Bramantya; Pratomo, Leonardus Heru
PROtek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro Vol 10, No 1 (2023): Protek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Elektro Universitas Khairun

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33387/protk.v10i1.5549

Abstract

The increasing consumer demand in the fruit industry has also demanded that various sectors of the fruit processing industry be able to adapt to this situation. The demand for good quality and fresh fruit requires technological advances and supporting systems that can be used in the fruit processing industry to produce the best quality fruit. Referring to this, this study aims to detect the type and maturity of fruit using machine learning with the CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) method using the function of a camera that is integrated with the program algorithm. This research is a refinement of previous research that has been made at the university by increasing the ability to read objects based on color with different methods. In this programming language, Python also requires several additional libraries to carry out the object detection process, namely by using the cvzone library as the main library. This study shows that the detection of fruit and ripeness using the CNN method was successful in detecting the type and maturity of the fruit. In the design and trial of this research, it can run well according to the algorithm created by the researcher. The success rate and accuracy of the detection of the type and maturity of this fruit reach 90%.
Design of Miniature Zebra Crossing Violator Detection at Traffic Lights Based on Internet Of Things Alwi, Lukman; Zarory, Hilman; Faizal, Ahmad; Mursyitah, Dian
PROtek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro Vol 12, No 2 (2025): Protek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Elektro Universitas Khairun

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33387/protk.v12i2.7643

Abstract

A frequen problem in riau province is the problem of traffic lights at zebra crossing, where  drivers often cross the stop line. Many drivers, especially at traffic lights, cross the stop line, potentially causing congestion and accidents. To overcome these problem, technology is needed that can detect and monitor the number of zebra crossing violation remotely. One of the technological solutions is the use of iot-based esp32 cam camera modue and pir sensor, sepaker. This research aim to create a device that can detect drivers eho exceed the stop line at the zebra crossing violation detecion system at iot-based traffic lights. Five violations were tested using a stopwatch to measure the  desice’s response time. Sensor 1 nad 2 detected the fastest violation at 0.34 seconds and 0.55 second respectively. Buzzer has a response time of 0.34 seconds, esp32 cam has a response time of 0.55 seconds, and telegram has response time occurs at a distance of 19 cm. The results showed that the pir sensor can detect the vehicles that cross the stop line, and the esp32 cam can capture image of the telegram as evidence of the violation within a distance of 20 cm, outside  this range the sensor connot detect the violation
Charging Station for Two-wheelers Electric Vehicle Powered by Photovoltaic System Iskandar, Handoko Rusiana; Haz, Fauzia
PROtek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro Vol 12, No 2 (2025): Protek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Elektro Universitas Khairun

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33387/protk.v12i2.9180

Abstract

Indonesia has significant solar energy potential, ranging from 4.88-5.78 kWh/m2 /day with a production of 444 GWh by 2022, which is supported by various government initiatives and research projects focused on renewable energy-based two-wheeled electric vehicles. The increasing prevalence of electric vehicles in Indonesia necessitates the adaptation of photovoltaic (PV)-based renewable energy infrastructure to provide power sources for battery-operated two-wheeled electric vehicle charging stations. This paper presents proposals for the implementation of two-wheeled electric vehicles, utilizing various battery technologies combined with PV-based renewable energy systems, incorporated into various plans and schemes. The research methodology was developed by evaluating the electric vehicle battery requirements and system component capacities, while the charging cycle describes the relationship between the battery capacity and the capacity of 200 Wp, 400 Wp, and 500 Wp photovoltaic panels. The calculation results show that the charging system uses various PV panel capacities. The 200 Wp PV panel requires the longest charging duration. The 400 Wp photovoltaic panel serves as an intermediate charging station. The 500 Wp photovoltaic panel shows the fastest charging duration among the three types of panels, ranging from 1 to 3.7 hours, depending on the battery load rating of the electric wheeled vehicle. In addition, the proposed PV charging system provides various battery capacity options with consideration of autonomous time (1-4 days) where the charging time of 4 days for electric vehicle battery capacity 2000 Wh will be in line with the battery demand in the charging station.
Enhancement of Unevenly Illuminated Images:an Experiment Based Review Younis, Zainab; Mohd Rahim, Mohd Shafry; Mohamed, Farhan Bin
PROtek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro Vol 12, No 2 (2025): Protek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Elektro Universitas Khairun

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33387/protk.v12i2.8533

Abstract

Low-lighting conditions pose significant challenges to captured images and result in degraded image quality, characterized by poor visibility, imbalanced illumination, increased noise, limited contrast, inaccurate colours, and loss of detail. In recent years, the development of effective low-light enhancement techniques has attracted considerable attention from researchers and practitioners in various fields, such as surveillance, photography, forensics, and medical imaging. This article comprehensively overviews advances in low-light image enhancement methods, techniques, and algorithms. This review summarizes the working mechanism for each reviewed algorithm, implements it, provides the results, and analyses them, highlighting the concept, advantages, and disadvantages. Overall, this review offers a comprehensive resource for researchers and practitioners interested in knowing the latest technologies and methods for low-light image enhancement. It provides insights into current challenges, promising solutions, and future directions for advancing the field of low-light imaging. Finally, it benefits various researchers by describing the available concepts, what pros to consider, and what cons to avoid when developing their algorithms.
Enhanced Detection of High Impedance Faults in Smart Distribution Networks Using Differential Energy Indicators Syarifuddin, Andi; salmiah, salmiah; Masa, M. Anas; Syahrul, Syahrul; Nurul, Nurul; Pakka, Hariani Ma’tang
PROtek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro Vol 12, No 2 (2025): Protek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Elektro Universitas Khairun

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33387/protk.v12i2.9397

Abstract

The detection of high impedance faults (HIFs) plays a crucial role in modern active distribution systems to prevent risks like equipment failures, fire incidents, and disruptions in service, while maintaining a stable power supply. HIFs are challenging to detect due to their low-magnitude and fluctuating fault currents, often falling below the detection thresholds of conventional protection mechanisms. These undetected faults can result in significant safety hazards, economic losses, and compromised system reliability. This study presents an enhanced HIF detection method leveraging differential energy indicators derived from positive-sequence current components during fault events. The proposed approach improves fault detection accuracy and discriminates HIFs from nonfault transients, including load switching, capacitor switching, and nonlinear load effects. The method was validated through simulations on adapted IEEE-13 and IEEE-34 bus systems distribution networks with high distributed generation (DG) penetration. Results demonstrated faster response times (
Experimental investigation of the output power of PV panels combined with circular configuration TEG modules using LED bulb loads Mustofa, Mustofa; Iskandar, Iskandar; Rahman, Yuli Asmi; Muchsin, Muchsin; Medi, Gery; Rusdi, M.; Diana, Diana
PROtek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro Vol 12, No 3 (2025): Protek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Elektro Universitas Khairun

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33387/protk.v12i3.10368

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to optimize the potential of solar energy that releases light and thermal energy simultaneously by using a combination of PV and TEG technology. PV only absorbs photon light, where solar thermal is transmitted to the TEG module under the panel surface which is useful for maintaining temperature and increasing PV output power. The TEG module configuration was chosen to be circular with the diameter of the circle adjusting to the area of the solar PV panel. There are two PV panels used during the test, one panel is left without TEG and the other panel is installed with 12 TEG modules and on the cold side of the module is added a heat sink and circulating water fluid cooling to maintain the temperature of the cold side of the module. The test results show that the integration of PV-TEG increases the system output power by about 45% compared to PV alone. The PV surface temperature is more stable and tends to be even with the attachment of TEG and cooling with water, while without the hybrid, the PV temperature appears to be sinusoidal with a peak temperature of about 70°C compared to the hybrid only around 40 and 50°C. PV temperatures below 60°C are important to maintain PV performance for a long period
Design and Implementation of Grounding System for 100 kWP On-Grid Solar Power Plant in Pamulang University Environment Darmawan, Yusron Dwi; Rozak, Ojak Abdul; Triyanto, Aripin
PROtek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro Vol 12, No 3 (2025): Protek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Elektro Universitas Khairun

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33387/protk.v12i3.9704

Abstract

The grounding system in a Solar Power Plant installation has an important role as a safeguard against external disturbances such as overcurrent and overvoltage due to lightning strikes or internal disturbances. Considering that solar modules are installed in open areas and at certain heights, the grounding system is crucial to protect equipment and personnel. This study discusses the design of a 100 kWp On-Grid PLTS grounding system at Pamulang University, including external lightning rod planning using the Early Streamer Emission (ESE) method with the NFC 17-102 standard and the rolling sphere calculation method based on IEC 62305-3. The calculation results show that the lightning rod protection radius in building B is 117.79 meters with a lightning rod height of 6 meters. The initial grounding resistance value of 11.6 Ω was obtained from a single vertical electrode 3 meters deep. To achieve a resistance value below 5 Ω according to the PUIL 2011 standard, equipotential bonding between floors and between electrodes is required. This research is expected to be a reference in designing lightning protection and grounding systems for PLTS installations in the Pamulang University environment.
Design of Earthquake Detection Devices Nuryaningsih, Rintania Eliyanti; La Baraja, Iswan; Sardju, Achmad P.
PROtek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro Vol 12, No 2 (2025): Protek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Elektro Universitas Khairun

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33387/protk.v12i2.10737

Abstract

Earthquakes are natural disasters that occur suddenly and can cause severe impacts, both in terms of structural damage and human casualties. To reduce the risks and consequences, an early warning system that provides rapid and accurate alerts is highly needed. This research aims to design and develop a simple yet effective earthquake detection device by utilizing the ESP32 microcontroller as the central processing unit. The system is equipped with an ADXL335 accelerometer sensor, which is capable of detecting vibrations or changes in acceleration along three main axes: X, Y, and Z. The sensor reads seismic activity and transmits the data to the ESP32 for real-time processing. When the detected vibration exceeds a predefined threshold, the system automatically activates a buzzer as an alarm and turns on three red LEDs as visual indicators. Each LED represents a level of earthquake intensity: mild, moderate, and strong. With these indicators, users can immediately recognize the severity of the earthquake and take prompt safety measures. The ESP32 not only processes data but also regulates the system’s responses to operate efficiently. This device is designed for use in households or other small-scale environments, offering advantages such as low cost, easy installation, and the use of commonly available components. Therefore, this system is expected to serve as an alternative solution that contributes to enhancing community preparedness against earthquake hazards.
Arduino Nano Based SPWM (Sine Pulse Wide Modulation) Single Phase DC to AC Inverter jati, budi pramono; Hapsari, Jenny Putri
PROtek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro Vol 12, No 3 (2025): Protek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Elektro Universitas Khairun

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33387/protk.v12i3.8615

Abstract

In off grid photovoltaic systems, the DC voltage from PV or batteries must be converted into a sinusoidal AC voltage that matches the AC voltage at home. The problem is that inverters available on the market are expensive. The problem can be solved by making your own SPWM (Sine Pulse Wide Modulation) inverter. This paper discusses the solution to this problem is with making a single-phase SPWM DC to AC inverter with Arduino nano, MOSFET driver IR2110, with full bridge MOSFET with LC filter and step up transformer. Existing Research Objectives, when compared with previous researchers, the existing research gap is that they use half bridge switching, while our research uses full bridge switching. The method used is a single-phase SPWM inverter with a full-bridge MOSFET in the form of design (hardware and software) and testing of AC output voltage, output power, frequency, calculating efficiency. The SPWM inverter section consists of: SPWM signal generator with Arduino nano, Arduino sketch software, MOSFET driver, full-bridge MOSFET switching inverter, LC filter, step up transformer, feedback transformer, SMPS variable voltage power supply. This single phase SPWM inverter is made using 8 pieces of 171A 150V MOSFET, the test results show that when the dc voltage is changed between 21Vdc to 30Vdc the output ac voltage is around 219 Vac to 228Vac, the frequency of the inverter is also stable at 50 Hz, with an average efficiency of 88.36%.

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