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PROtek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro
Published by Universitas Khairun
ISSN : 23548924     EISSN : 25279572     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy
PROtek adalah jurnal ilmiah teknik elektro yang pertama kali dipublikasikan pada September 2013. Jurnal PROtek berada di bawah asuhan Program Studi Teknik Elektro Fakultas Teknik Universitas Khairun, yang merupakan wadah ilmiah untuk menyebarluaskan hasil-hasil penelitian dan kajian analisis yang berkaitan dengan bidang keilmuan sistem tenaga listrik, teknik kendali, telekomunikasi, elektronika, dan teknologi informasi.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 437 Documents
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Rule-Based Pump Health Monitoring with Human-in-the-Loop Decision Gating Multika Untung Bahagiya; Bagus Tri Kuncoro; Indra Mukti Purboyo
PROtek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro Vol 13 No 3 (2026): Protek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Elektro Universitas Khairun

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33387/protk.v13i3.12401

Abstract

This study proposes a rule-based Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) framework specifically designed for sensor-limited environments. The system integrates two data sources: a Numeric Health Score (NHS) calculated from five operating parameters, an Ordinal Utility Model (OUM) that quantifies qualitative assessments of field operators from routine inspection records. Both scores are fused through linear fusion with parameter α = 0.65 to produce a Health Index (HI) which is then classified into four Final Health Class (FHC) categories: HEALTHY (HI ≥ 75), WATCH (55 ≤ HI < 75), DEGRADED (35 ≤ HI < 55), and CRITICAL (HI < 35). Model uncertainty was validated through two Monte Carlo experiments (N = 10,000 iterations) using Dirichlet perturbation on AHP weights and Uniform perturbation on alpha fusion parameters, both yielding a Spearman rank correlation of ρ = 0.985. HI estimation uncertainty was quantified through bootstrap resampling (N = 10,000 per pump) resulting in a 95% Confidence Interval per pump. A three-signal based HITL gating mechanism (Confidence Level from bootstrap, Classification Stability Rate from Monte Carlo, and boundary proximity) automatically identifies pumps requiring further verification or review before FHC is assigned. The application of operational data on 16 pumps at TBBM (for 30 days or one month) resulted in: 11 HEALTHY pumps (68.75%), 4 WATCH pumps (25.0%), and 1 DEGRADED pump (6.25%), with 2 pumps requiring HITL review and 1 pump experiencing class downgrade through the HITL_DOWNGRADED path. This approach offers a condition-based maintenance solution that is auditable, reproducible, ready to be adopted in industrial facilities towards maintenance-digitization.
Pengembangan Model Optimasi Reliability Berbasis Integrasi RBD–FMEA untuk Sistem Instrumentasi Safety Shutdown Adi Aman; Rivira Yuana; Iwan Krisnadi
PROtek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro Vol 13 No 3 (2026): Protek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Elektro Universitas Khairun

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33387/protk.v13i3.12602

Abstract

The reliability of Gas Engine Compressors is essential for ensuring production continuity and operational safety in the oil and gas industry, where the performance of the Safety Shutdown Instrumentation System (SSIS) plays a critical role in detecting abnormal conditions and preventing hazardous failures. This study proposes an integrated reliability optimization model for the SSIS by combining Reliability Block Diagram (RBD) and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) to improve system reliability, maintenance effectiveness, and operational safety. A quantitative case study was conducted using operational and maintenance data from a Gas Engine Compressor in an oil and gas production facility. Reliability parameters were evaluated using RBD, while component failure risks were assessed through FMEA based on Severity, Occurrence, and Detection ratings. The initial analysis showed an MTBF of 1,197 h, an MTTR of 730.67 h, a failure rate of 8.35 × 10⁻⁴ h⁻¹, a system reliability of 43.37%, and an availability of 62.10%. Critical components identified were the Vibration Switch (RPN = 64), Temperature Switch (RPN = 54), and Power Supply (Magneto) (RPN = 40). The proposed optimization increased system reliability to 73.82% and availability to 99.64%, while decreasing failures and downtime during the evaluation period. The developed RBD–FMEA model provides a practical decision-support framework for reliability improvement and maintenance prioritization and can be adapted to Safety Instrumented Systems with similar architectures.
Implementation of an ESP-32 Based Embedded System for Earthquake Detection Using an MPU-6050 Sensor Jundi Abdillah; Kartika Sekarsari
PROtek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro Vol 13 No 3 (2026): Protek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Elektro Universitas Khairun

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33387/protk.v13i3.12610

Abstract

Indonesia is a country that is highly vulnerable to earthquakes due to its location along active tectonic plate boundaries. The existing problem is the limited availability of earthquake detection systems capable of providing fast and real-time information and early warnings to the public. This study aims to design and implement an ESP-32 based embedded system for earthquake detection using the MPU-6050 sensor. The developed system utilizes the MPU-6050 sensor to detect vibration acceleration changes processed by the ESP-32 microcontroller, with monitoring results displayed through a web dashboard and sent via a Telegram Bot in real-time. The research methods include hardware design, software development, system reliability testing, and power consumption analysis. The results show that the system is capable of detecting normal, alert, and earthquake conditions based on total acceleration values. The alert condition is within the range of 10.5 m/s 2 < at ≤ 12.0 m/s 2 , while earthquake conditions occur when at > 12.0 m/s 2 . In addition, the system achieved an average value of 10.17 m/s 2 and a standard deviation of 0.0256 m/s 2 , indicating that the MPU-6050 sensor readings have very small data deviations. Therefore, the system is capable of providing real-time earthquake monitoring and early warning effectively.
A Fog Communication Framework with Priority Queueing for Time-Critical Health Alerts in IoT Healthcare Zaid Shakir Kadhim Al-Shammari
PROtek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro Vol 13 No 3 (2026): Protek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Elektro Universitas Khairun

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33387/protk.v13i3.12617

Abstract

In a cloud-only Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) system, every urgent health alert must cross the wide area network twice before a clinician sees it. Those two crossings are costly. Under moderate load they use up most of the clinical time budget, and under heavy load most alerts arrive too late to be useful. A fog communication framework is presented here that addresses the problem by moving the alert decision to a gateway near the patient and by giving alert traffic strict priority over routine telemetry. The priority scheme is not a new algorithm. It is the standard three band PfifoFast queue of the Linux traffic control layer, so it can be deployed today on ordinary hardware. A single analytical model joins a log-distance wireless link, a Cobham non-preemptive priority queue at the gateway, and a hard alert deadline, and is solved in closed form for end to end latency, deadline-meet ratio, and backhaul saving. Three independent evaluators are then used: the analytical model, a 25-seed discrete event simulation, and a packet-level NS-3 simulation of the IEEE 802.15.4 access tier running the same PfifoFast queue. Traffic comes from a real vital signs dataset of 200 020 records, whose measured risk balance sets the critical and routine traffic mix. At an offered load of 0.90 the proposed design cuts mean critical-alert latency by 84.0%, from 151.7 ms to 24.2 ms, and raises deadline compliance from 60.6% to 100% against a cloud-only FIFO baseline. A paired Wilcoxon test confirms the difference (p = 5.96 x 10^-8). A factorial ablation shows that fog placement and priority scheduling help for different reasons, and that both are needed. Compared against Earliest Deadline First, which is optimal in theory, the simple stock queue reaches the same deadline reliability at far lower implementation cost. A transient test in which the critical share of traffic rises sixfold shows the guarantee still holds. Backhaul traffic falls by 95.3% at the same time.
Performance Evaluation of Modulation Schemes on HAPS 28 GHz Backhaul Link: Reliability Analysis and Spectral Efficiency Trade-off Sandryones Palinggi; Umar Katu; Ichsan Mahjud
PROtek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro Vol 13 No 3 (2026): Protek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Elektro Universitas Khairun

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33387/protk.v13i3.12651

Abstract

Selecting modulation schemes for High-Altitude Platform Station (HAPS) backhaul links at 28 GHz is critical, as higher-order modulations improve spectral efficiency but degrade reliability under tropical conditions. This study evaluates the trade-off for QPSK and 16-QAM through link budget analysis, log-normal fading modeling with 2.5 dB tropospheric scintillation variance, and outage probability estimation via Q-function under three scenarios: clear-sky, rain attenuation, and worst-case (rain + turbulence). Results show that 16-QAM achieves fourfold spectral efficiency improvement (0.8 to 3.2 bps/Hz) but requires 8.2 dB additional Eb/No, degrading receive margin from 12.1 dB to 2.1 dB under rain, with availability dropping from >99.9999% to 80–90%. QPSK maintains a rain margin of 16.3 dB and availability exceeding 99.9999%. These findings confirm that static 16-QAM deployment is unsuitable for tropical environments. Adaptive modulation with dynamic QPSK/16-QAM switching based on real-time channel state information is recommended for reliable HAPS deployment in Indonesia.
Optimization of Bank Capacitor Placement to Improve Power Quality in the Electrical System Rosyaadi mustafa
PROtek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro Vol 13 No 3 (2026): Protek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Elektro Universitas Khairun

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33387/protk.v13i3.12850

Abstract

Inductive and nonlinear loads in office buildings increase reactive power demand, lower the power factor, and inject harmonic currents into low-voltage distribution panels. The power quality of the Rectorate Building of Universitas Khairun, Ternate, has not been assessed despite its growing demand. This study evaluates its main distribution panel and determines the capacitor bank rating required for power factor correction. Voltage, current, active, reactive and apparent power, power factor, and total harmonic distortion (THD) of each phase were recorded with a power quality analyzer at 30-min intervals from 10:30 to 16:00. The required compensation and capacitance were calculated per phase for a target power factor of 0.95. The phase voltage ranged from 214.5 to 219.7 V and the frequency from 50.05 to 50.08 Hz. Phase S carried the highest current, 134–155 A, showing unbalance. The power factor exceeded 0.92 for most of the day. At 13:30–14:00, it fell to 0.778–0.832 on all phases because reactive power rose to 11.6–20.1 kVAR per phase. Voltage THD remained between 3.6% and 4.5%, within the IEEE 519-2022 limit. Current THD reached 8.2–11.6% and was dominated by the third harmonic. The required compensation was 7.6, 11.9, and 8.2 kVAR on phases R, S, and T, corresponding to 528, 800, and 558 µF. Compensation reduces the estimated line current by 12.5–18.2%. An automatically switched, detuned capacitor bank of about 30 kVAR is recommended to keep the power factor above the 0.85 utility threshold without overcompensation. Load rebalancing and a harmonic resonance study should accompany the installation
Impact of Reactive Power Fluctuation on the Performance and Insulation Loss-of-Life Rate of Industrial Power Transformers: A Case Study of the PT Semen Tonasa Electrical System Muh. Imran Bachtiar; Aksan; Rahmat Budiansa
PROtek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro Vol 13 No 2 (2026): Protek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Elektro Universitas Khairun

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33387/protk.v13i2.12746

Abstract

Power transformer performance is strongly influenced by reactive power (VAR), yet the quantitative link between VAR fluctuation and insulation loss-of-life in heavy industrial systems remains under-documented. This study analyzes that link for six 70 kV power transformers (three at the Tonasa IV and three at the Tonasa V substations, 31.5–40 MVA) in the electrical system of PT Semen Tonasa, combining SCADA operational data, an ETAP load-flow simulation, and an analytical ageing-rate calculation based on IEC 60076-7. Varying reactive power from 1 to 10 MVAR at a fixed active power of 10 MW increased the loading level from 31.41% to 44.19% of the 80% operating limit, consistent with S = √(P²+Q²). SCADA records showed current rising and primary-side voltage falling as VAR increased, with all voltages (66.68–68.95 kV) remaining within ±10% of nominal. For the three Tonasa V units, hotspot temperatures of 65.42–75.23°C and loss-of-life rates of 0.022–0.069 pu/day were obtained, well below the 98°C/V = 1 design reference; Transformer #1 aged roughly 3.1 times faster than Transformer #2, reflecting its higher average loading (63.4% vs. 36.5% of the operating limit). The extrapolated remaining-life figures (79.7–250 years) are indicative rather than literal, given the short (3–5-day) SCADA window; the loss-of-life rate is therefore treated as the primary, more defensible indicator. Reactive-power compensation via capacitor banks or static var compensators is recommended to limit current, hotspot temperature, and insulation ageing.

Page 44 of 44 | Total Record : 437

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