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INDONESIA
Jurnal Kimia Riset
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Chemistry
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 190 Documents
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DETERMINING THE TANNIN CONTENT IN PISANG AMBON (Musa × paradisiaca L.) WITH THE POTENTIAL AS ANTHELMINTIC Dwi Haryatmi; Indah Tri Susilowati
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022): December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga, Campus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkr.v7i2.28859

Abstract

Tannins result from plants' secondary metabolism, closely associated with plant defense mechanisms against insects. Condensed tannins can disrupt the life cycle of parasitic nematodes starting from eggs, adult worms, and larvae. Currently, the antiparasitic properties of condensed tannins are being investigated as an alternative for controlling parasites. The people use the young Pisang Ambon (Musa × parasidiaca L.) as an anthelmintic. People generally use this part of the banana peel. Based on this, a study was conducted to determine the tannin content in the peel and fruit of Pisang Ambon (Musa × parasidiaca L.). The research was conducted by extracting the fruit and peel of young Pisang Ambon by maceration method using 96% ethanol as solvent. The Harborne method and Thin Layer Chromatography tested the presence of secondary metabolites. The tannin content was determined by the visible, ultraviolet spectrophotometric method. The qualitative results showed that the peel and fruit of Pisang Ambon contained condensed tannins. Meanwhile, the quantitative results showed that the tannin content of the fruit (54.98% w/w) was higher than the peel (14.32 %w/w).
SYNTHESIS OF POLYELECTROLYTE COMPLEX FILMS OF CHITOSAN-ALGINATE BY ADDITION OF KELOR LEAVES EXTRACT (Moringa oleifera) FOR FOOD PACKAGING Baiq Amelia Riyandari; Yupita Tri Rizki; M. Ramdani
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022): December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga, Campus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkr.v7i2.28954

Abstract

This research aims to synthesize the polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) using chitosan and alginate as matrix film with the addition of kelor leaves extract (Moringa oleifera). The preparation of PEC films of chitosan-alginate by addition of kelor leaves extract (Moringa oleifera) had been implemented. The kelor leaves was prepared by drying process under the sun for removing water content and the dried kelor leaves was extracted using maceration technique. The final concentrations of film solution used in this study were 0.0% (Film E0), 0.50% (Film E1), 0.75% (Film E2), and 1.00% (Film E3). The PEC chitosan-alginate films with addition of kelor extract were prepared in room temperature (± 25 °C) and pH of film solution was ± 4.0. The result of film’s characterization using FTIR spectrophotometer showed that PEC films of chitosan-alginate were formed through the molecular interaction between chitosan which protonated into amine groups (–NH3+) and alginate which dissociated into carboxylate groups (–COO−). Based on FTIR spectrum, it also showed that there were some wavenumber shifts after addition of kelor leaves extract into PEC films of chitosan-alginate. It was confirmed that there were the changing of molecular interaction between PEC chitosan-alginate films due to presence of kelor extract, indicating that PEC chitosan-alginate films with kelor extract had been formed. Morphological analysis using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) displayed both porous and heterogeneous distribution on the surface after addition of kelor extract.
ZEOLITIZATION OF COAL WASTE AS Cu(II) ION ADSORBENT Nur Hamid; Daniel Tarigan; Chairul Saleh
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022): December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga, Campus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkr.v7i2.34281

Abstract

TZeolization of coal waste was carried out as an adsorbent for Cu(II) ions. Fly ash tailings were collected from Lati Steam Power Plant (SPP) Berau and tested using SEM instruments, X-ray diffraction and AAS. Synthetic zeolites are prepared by hydrothermal reaction under alkaline and alkaline conditions. Characterization of the synthetic zeolite using SEM has formed a zeolite material with a pore size >10 µm and shows an increase in the amount of Na from 3.06% to 11.82%. XRD results show that Na-P1 zeolite is formed at the main top of 2θ16, 30, 33, 10 and 40, 80, and the relative intensities are 34, 31 and 36, respectively. In addition, elemental materials such as silica and mullite are continuously formed on the main top of 2θ26.50 and 26.10, the relative strength of silica is 100, and the relative strength of mullite is 57.9. The optimum adsorption capacity of zeolite for maximum copper ion was 80.330% at pH=4, 97.958% at 150 mg adsorbent weight, and 94.550% at 50 min contact time. The formation of these new materials significantly improved the adsorption capacity of fly ash under optimal conditions of pH = 4, sorbent weight of 150 mg, and contact time of 50 min.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES USING DPPH, FIC, FRAP, AND ABTS METHODS FROM ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LEMPUYANG GAJAH RHIZOME (Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoeex Sm.) Jamilatur Rohmah
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022): December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga, Campus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkr.v7i2.34493

Abstract

One of the Zingiber species that has long been used as traditional medicine by local Indonesian people is lempuyang (Zingiber ssp.). In its use as traditional medicine, it is more often used than other types of lempuyang, namely the lempuyang gajah (Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoeex Sm.). Therefore, this study focused on the Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoeex Sm. Most of the biological activities reported for this plant are attributed to phenolic contents and volatile principles. Hence, a detailed investigation of antioxidant activity, flavonoid, and phenolic content of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoeex Sm. rhizome was carried out. The purpose of this study was to determine the total flavonoid, phenolic, and antioxidant activity of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoeex Sm. extract in several methods of reducing free radicals DPPH, FIC, FRAP, and ABTS. The extraction method used is maceration extraction with 70% ethanol solvent and concentrated. The total phenolic content was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method with gallic acid as the standard, while the total flavonoid content was determined by the quercetin method. Ascorbic acid was used as a positive control of antioxidant activity. The Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoeex Sm. plant used was obtained from the village of Tegal Bulu Banyuwangi. This type of research is an experimental study with the concentration of the extract used, namely 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg/L. The results showed that the ethanol extract of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoeex Sm. rhizome contained total phenolic and flavonoid content of 23.58±0.25 mgGAE/g and 12.21±0.03 QUE/g extract, respectively. Antioxidant activity with IC50 value in the DPPH free radical reduction method of 11.40 ± 0.23 which is included in the very strong category, FIC of 121.46±2.93 which is included in the medium category, FRAP of 19.38±0.14 which is included in the very strong category, and ABTS of 89.32±0.15 which is included in the strong category. Phenolics and flavonoids are thought to have an important role in the antioxidant activity of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoeex Sm. rhizome.
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND ACTIVITY ASSESSMENT OF AMOXICYLIN/CuO COMPOUNDS AGAINST PATHOGENIC BACTERIA Hadi Barru Hakam Fajar Siddiq; Siti Nur Azizah
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022): December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga, Campus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkr.v7i2.36816

Abstract

Infection is a disease caused by bacteria. Some bacteria that can cause infection are Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis. Infection can be prevented by antibiotic therapy. Excessive use of antibiotics such as misuse of indications, free use in the community, inappropriate doses, and timing of application will cause new problems such as increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics. The prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria is increasing in many parts of the world. However, this increase is accompanied by a downward trend in the development of new antibiotics. Thus, to overcome this problem new antibiotics have to be developed. This study aimed to synthesize a new antibiotic, namely to test amoxicillin/CuO and its antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. typhi, S. aureus, and B. subtilis. Antibacterial activity test using disc diffusion method. The XRD characterization results showed that the diffraction peaks of amoxicillin/CuO in the image above started from 21.13; 29.54; 30.67; 36.82; 39.5; 42.05; and 47.88. The SEM results of the Amoxicillin/CuO compound showed that the particle size of the compound was still in the form of a graph of 196-345 nm. The results of testing the antibacterial activity of amoxicillin/CuO compounds against E. coli, S. typhi, B. subtilis, and S. aureus showed that amoxicillin/CuO compounds had activity against all bacterial samples. Thus, amoxicillin/CuO compounds can be used as antibacterial therapy.
ANTIOXIDANT AND TOXICITY ACTIVITIES of Gracilaria gracilis METHANOL EXTRACT BASED ON DIFFERENT EXTRACTION METHODS Riong Seulina Panjaitan; Windri Yuliana
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022): December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga, Campus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkr.v7i2.38255

Abstract

Gracilaria gracilis (red macroalgae) was collected from Sayang Heulang Beach, Garut, West Java. It has a number of secondary metabolites that potentially serve as a source of natural antioxidants. The objective of this study was to compare the optimal extraction method in particular time variation for producing the highest percent of yield, antioxidant activity, and toxicity of G. gracilis methanol extract. This study was conducted experimentally, including macroalgae sampling and preparation, phytochemical screening, extraction of G. gracilis by maceration and UAE methods, antioxidant activity testing based on the DPPH test (2.2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and toxicity testing using the BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality) method. The results indicated that the methanol extract of G. gracilis contains flavonoids and steroids, with yield percentages of 12.93% for maceration and 12.1% for UAE. The antioxidant activity (IC50) of maceration was 86.46 ppm, whereas the UAE was 59.01 ppm. Then, the toxicity test (LC50) for maceration was 28.35 ppm whereas the UAE was 27.76 ppm. Macerated methanol extract and UAE G. gracilis have the potential to be powerful antioxidants based on their IC50 values. Then, macerated methanol extract and UAE are included in the highly toxic category.
ANALYSIS OF CHEMICAL CONTENTS IN RAW MATERIAL OF RICH MINERALS SEA SALT Fawait Afnani; Wiwit Sri Werdi Pratiwi; Makhfud Effendy; Novi Indriyawati; Vellia Yoseva
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022): December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga, Campus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkr.v7i2.38742

Abstract

The mineral content of seawater is a natural raw material to produce rich mineral sea salt. Rich mineral sea salt is a consumption salt with a NaCl content of <50% used to live a low sodium diet for a healthy lifestyle. In general, traditional sea salt was produced with the multistage evaporation method to obtain a NaCl content of ≥ 94.7%, whereas the production of rich mineral sea salt uses a total evaporation method and then removes the salt flower at a certain concentration to get low sodium chlorine and contain other natural minerals. This study aims to analyze the chemical content of the raw material of rich mineral sea salt. The location of seawater used as raw material for rich mineral sea salt is Camplong District, Sampang Regency. Samples were obtained from sea level with a distance of ± 400 m from the coastline and carried out during high tide conditions. The chemical analysis of seawater samples consists of Na, Mg, Ca, K, Fe, Cl− dan SO42−. The analysis method is based on the Indonesian National Standard of environmental quality test. The results of the major mineral analysis showed that the largest mineral content of seawater was calcium (Ca2+) at 492.350±10.395 mg/L and Sodium (Na+) at 482,000±1.979 mg/L. In contrast, the smallest mineral content is iron mineral (Fe2+) of < 0.08 mg/L. These results will be used for preliminary data before producing naturally rich mineral sea salt.
EFFECT OF SONICATION ON THE PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE POLYPYRROLE/MICROCELLULOSE AND ITS POTENTIAL AS A CAPACITOR Berlian Sitorus; Deni Pranata; Mariana Bara’allo Malino
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022): December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga, Campus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkr.v7i2.39416

Abstract

The research aims to see the effect of sonication on the properties and capacitance of composites made of microcellulose isolated from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches and Polypyrrole (PPy). PPy is a conductive polymer limited by its inflexibility; hence PPy is blended with microcellulose which can serve as a good matrix to increase the flexibility of PPy. The procedure to isolate the microcellulose was done by delignification, bleaching, and hydrolysis. In order to see the effect of sonication, hydrolysis was undertaken in two different ways : (i) without sonication and (ii) using sonication. Besides, the polymerization time for pyrrole was also varied: 4 and 16 hours and simultaneously composited with each microcellulose from (i) and (ii). The results show an increase in cellulose crystallinity from  35.6% without sonication to 40% after sonication, while the diameter of the sonicated microcellulose fibers tends to be smaller than the counterpart. The 4-hour polymerization time shows that the composite containing the unsonicated microcellulose has a higher capacitance than the composite with the sonicated microcellulose, 14.8 nF and 8.8 nF, respectively. Meanwhile, a similar capacitance is measured for the 16-hour polymerization, 1.90 nF and 2.68 nF, using the sonicated and un-sonicated microcellulose. Overall, although the capacitances of the composites are in the nanofarad scale, it can be said that the composite can be potentially used as a capacitor.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF STEM BARK DICHLOROMETHANE FRACTION Syzygium samarangense EXTRACT AS COX-2 INHIBITOR: A BIOINFORMATICS APPROACH Ahmad Misbakhus Sururi; M. Raihan; Elvira Ratna Aisa; Frisca Nadya Safitri; Irene Cornelia Constaty; Tukiran
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022): December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga, Campus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkr.v7i2.39662

Abstract

 Syzygium samarangense is a plant that is rich in flavonoid compounds. Previous researchrevealed that the dichloromethane fraction from the stem bark extract contained fourbioactive compounds, namely, pinocembrin, uvangoletin, stercurensin, and aurentiacin,which had good antioxidant activity. However, research on the potential of these fourcompounds as an anti-inflammatory has not been revealed. This study aims to continueprevious research in revealing the potential of compounds in the dichloromethane fractionof S. samarangense extract as an anti-inflammatory agent in silico COX-2 inhibitors. Thisstudy uses in silico biocomputation, including drug-likeness analysis and molecular dockinganalysis using COX-2 protein and the control drug rofecoxib. The results showed that thereare compounds that have the potential as anti-inflammatory compounds, namelypinocembrin. However, further studies, such as in vitro and in vivo, are still needed to revealits potential as an anti-inflammatory agent
STUDY IN SILICO OF THIOUREA-DERIVED COMPOUNDS AS TYROSINE KINASE RECEPTOR INHIBITORS Budi Mulyati; Sri Sutjiningtyas; Herlina
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022): December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga, Campus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkr.v7i2.40036

Abstract

Cancer is a disease caused by protein mutations, which cause cells to proliferate uncontrollably. Inhibiting the action of protein kinases is one method of preventing the signal that initiates the process of uncontrolled cell proliferation. This research aimed to determine the affinity of thiourea-derived compound ligands with the protein tyrosine kinase enzyme (PDB ID: 5LMA). The binding energy between each ligand and the tyrosine kinase receptor ranged from -87,62 to -95,26 kcal/mol. The percentage of ligand interactions varies above 80%. On the active site of the amino acid residues Leu 456, Leu 495, Ala 496, Ala 497, Arg 498, and Val 500, the tyrosine kinase enzyme binds to the ligands of thiourea-derived compounds via hydrogen, pi alkyl, and alkyl bonds. Pharmacokinetic, toxicity, and Lipinski regulation of thiourea-derived compounds yielded significant results as anticancer drug candidates.

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