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INDONESIA
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal
Published by The Prodia Education and Research Institute
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Public Health
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 13 Documents
 1   2 
Search results for , issue "Vol 12, No 4 (2020)" : 13 Documents clear
Biomonitoring of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Inhibitor and the Association with Hypertension among Farmers in Bandung, Indonesia Mulyana Mulyana; Iwan Sugiarta; Lim Jen Fuk; Vani Nur Pratami; Dewi Yunia Fitriani; Nuri Purwito Adi; Dewi Sumaryani Soemarko
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 12, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v12i4.1220

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The use of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) insecticides is still widely used by farmers in flower and agricultural centers. However, biological monitoring of farmers is still very rare in Indonesia. AChE inhibitors are reported to have toxic effects on various organs.METHODS: This study involved 120 subjects in Cihideung, Cikole and Pangalengan areas. All subjects have been interviewed, physically examined and biological sample taken by medical team. Descriptive analysis was performed to assess general conditions of the subjects and AChE erythrocyte activity enzyme at pseudo-baseline and the next 3 months from pseudo-baseline. Statistical analysis have been performed of the pseudo-baseline AChE erythrocyte activity with hypertension and history of exposures.RESULTS: The median value of pseudo-baseline AChE erythrocyte activity was 8.10 (1.3-14.25) U/g hematocrit. In the comparison between pseudo-baseline and 3 month from pseudo-baseline AChE activity, 7 respondents from 19 respondents (36.84%) had lower enzyme activity than 70% and the others subjects have higher activity value. AChE erythrocyte activity is associate with frequency of insecticide exposures. AChE erythrocyte activity (p=0.04; Exp (B)=2.937 CI 95%=1.049-8.224) and age (p=0.025; Exp (B)=3.872 CI 95%=1.180-12.703) are independent risk factors for hypertension in farmworker.CONCLUSION: AChE erythrocyte activity associated with frequency of insecticide exposures and hypertension among farmworkers.KEYWORDS: AChE erythrocyte activity, frequency of insecticide expsoures, hypertension
Correlation of Maternal Serum Hepcidin, Soluble Transferrin Receptor (sTfR) and Cholecalciferol with Third Trimester Anemia: Findings from A Nested Case-control Study on A Pregnancy Cohort Raden Tina Dewi Judistiani; Sefty Mariany Samosir; Setyorini Irianti; Benny Hasan Purwara; Budi Setiabudiawan; Johannes Cornelius Mose; Budi Handono
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 12, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v12i4.1252

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Cholecalciferol, hepcidin, and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) interaction play an essential role in iron hemostasis. Anemia in pregnancy contributes to morbidity and mortality both for the mother and baby. In this study, we assessed the correlation between hepcidin, sTfR and cholecalciferol in third trimester maternal anemia. We aimed to find the cut-off for hepcidin and sTfR.METHODS: A case-control study involving 56 pregnant women in each anemia and healthy group was nested on a previous larger cohort study in Indonesia. Serum hepcidin, sTfR and cholecalciferol level were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.RESULTS: Serum hepcidin and sTfR level were significantly higher in case group, while serum cholecalciferol level has no difference between the two groups. New cut-off points were found for hepcidin (<15.93 ng/mL) and sTfR level (>2234.45 ng/mL). Low level of hepcidin (OR=5.32) and high level of sTfR (OR=8.28) increase the risk of anemia. High level of sTfR (adjusted OR=4.725; CI 95%=1.730-12.904; p=0.02) was the most important factor contributes to anemia, followed by the low level of hepcidin (adjusted OR=3.677; CI 95%=1.363-9917; p=0.01).CONCLUSION: The high level of sTfR is the most important factor related to anemia in the third trimester, followed by the low level of hepcidin. Low cholecalciferol level tends to favor the incident of anemia. The new cut-off point of third trimester sTfR and third trimester hepcidin were established in this study and may be useful for risk assessment and treatment monitoring for anemia in pregnancy.KEYWORDS: anemia, cholecalciferol, hepcidin, pregnancy, soluble transferrin receptor
Hormesis in Health and Disease: Molecular Mechanisms Anna Meiliana; Andi Wijaya
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 12, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v12i4.1315

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Hormesis was initially defined as a phenomenon where a small dose of harmful agent exposure to living organisms gives beneficial effects. The dose and time of this ‘tress’ exposure has become the object of investigation across the broad range of biomedical studies.CONTENT: Hormesis characterized by the biphasic dose-effect or time-effect relationship for any substance. Some hormetic mechanisms performed biological plasticity, involve oxidative damage which instead induce antioxidant enzyme production in various cells. Early-life stress can increase resilience in later life and lack of stress can lead to vulnerability. Many stressors like dietary factors and natural environmental toxins can be occupied for healthy growth or homeostasis, which exemplifies how illness is the doorway to health.SUMMARY: Hormesis reconcile many paradoxical phenomena exert opposite effects of the same substance, either a xenobiotic or an endogenous substance, a hormone or a metabolite, a genetic manipulation or an epigenetic alteration, an experimental intervention or a natural event. Human bodies are highly adaptive. A resilient body would be resulted after the ‘training’. In this review, we will elucidate the hormesis’ definition, mechanisms and pathways, and also how hormesis impacts in human health and lifespan.KEYWORDS: biphasic, cell signaling, dose response, hormesis, preconditioning
Secretomes of Primary Cancer-associated Fibroblasts Upregulate the Expression of Stemness Markers in HT-29 Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells Septelia Inawati Wanandi; Dwi Retna Lestari; Noza Hilbertina; Nurjati Chairani Siregar; Sri Widia Jusman; Murdani Abdullah
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 12, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v12i4.1295

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) is the most abundant tumor stroma. Our previous study has demonstrated that the secretomes of CAF isolated from colorectal carcinoma (CRC) patients could induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the HT-29 CRC cell line. However, the role of CAF secretomes in CRC stemness is needed to be further investigated. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of CAF secretomes from CRC patients on the expression of stemness markers in HT-29 CRC cells in comparison with the secretomes from normal fibroblasts.METHODS: Fibroblasts were isolated from tumor (CAF) and their counterpart non-tumor (NF) areas of three CRC patients undergone surgical resection. Normal preputium fibroblasts (PF) were isolated during circumcision of three healthy boys aged 8 years. All fibroblasts were grown in free-serum culture medium for 24 hours to collect 50% (v/v) conditioned medium (CM). Then, CM was supplemented to HT-29 CRC cells for 72 hours. The effects of CAF- and NF-CM on the mRNA expression of CD44, CD133, OCT4, and ALDH1A1 were analysed using qRT-PCR. Cells proliferation was measured using the trypan blue exclusion assay.RESULTS: Supplementation of CAF-CM (50% v/v) significantly increased CD44, CD133, OCT4, and ALDH1A1 mRNA expressions compared to that of NF-CM and control without supplementation but had no effect on the proliferation of HT-29 cells.CONCLUSION: CAF secretomes from CRC patients upregulate the expression of CRC stemness.KEYWORDS: cancer-associated fibroblasts, ALDH1A1, OCT4, CD44, CD133, colorectal carcinoma
Risk Assessment in Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Family by Using APC and MSH2 mRNA Gene Expression and Bayesian Analysis Tjahjadi Robert Tedjasaputra; Mochammad Hatta; Muhammad Nasrum Massi; Rosdiana Natzir; Ilhamjaya Patellongi; Marcellus Simadibrata; Ibrahim Labeda; Rina Masadah; Muhammad Luthfi Parewangi; Prihantono Prihantono; Andi Asadul Islam; Agussalim Bukhari; Budu Budu; Rinda Nariswati
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 12, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v12i4.1329

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Some of colorectal cancers (CRCs) are familial, however, heterozygote relatives have approximately 80% lifetime risk of cancer. Risk assessment of CRC’s family could be calculated by direct measurement of mRNA gene expression and Bayesian theorem which is modifying initial background of pedigree risk with additional conditional information. This application has not been reported.METHODS: The cross-sectional translational sequential studies were performed: (1) adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and MutS homolog (MSH)2 mRNA quantitative RT PCR gene expressions in tissue and whole blood CRC patients; (2) gene expression was determined in matched controls; and (3) pedigree and Bayesian analysis was calculated in the patient’s family of Proband.RESULTS: Fourty CRC and 31 control subjects were enrolled. The mean blood APC level control’s group was 13,261±670 fold-change (fc) and blood MSH2 level was 12,219±756 fc. The cut-off points for hereditary APC was 12,195 fc and MSH2 was 11,059 fc. The mean APC blood level in CRC subject was 11,578±2,638 fc and MSH2 blood level was 11,411±2,912 fc. There were significant differences APC and MSH level between tissue and blood level in CRC. Eight of 40 CRC subjects had a history of familial CRC. Four patients and 10 Probands were available for recurrence risk evaluation of pedigree analysis, RNA PCR quantitative and Bayesian calculation.CONCLUSION: There was determined a cut-off point of hereditary mRNA quantitative expression. The APC and MSH2 levels in CRC subjects were significantly lower than controls. Bayesian analysis allowed for the calculation of relative risk in CRC family members and considered in clinical practice.KEYWORDS: hereditary CRC, APC gene, MSH gene, Bayesian analysis
Costus Root Extract Preserves Thyroid Hormones Levels, Thyroglobulin Expression and Thyroid Tissues in Rats Receiving Valproate Sodium Marwa Salah Mahmoud
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 12, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v12i4.1145

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Valproate sodium is an anticonvulsant drug. Saussurea lappa (costus) is a medicinal plant rich with antioxidants. This research aimed to assess the protective effect of costus root extract against valproate sodium-induced thyrotoxicity.METHODS: Eighty adult male albino rats were equally divided into four groups; group I: untreated control, group II: rats were given 200 mg/kg BW valproate sodium orally and daily for 8 weeks, group III: rats were given 300 mg/kg BW costus root extract orally and daily for 8 weeks, and group IV: rats were given combination of valproate sodium and costus root extract. After 8 weeks, blood samples were collected to evaluate T3, T4 and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Thyroid gland samples were handled for light and electron microscopic investigation. The heights of follicular cells, area % of collagen fibers and color intensity of thyroglobulin immunoreaction were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: After being given valproate sodium as an induction, hormonal assay showed significant decrease in serum T3 and T4 and significant increase of TSH. Follicular and cellular alterations were shown by light and electron microscopes. Morphometric study revealed increased follicular cell height and area % of collagen fibers and decreased color intensity of thyroglobulin. In contrast, costus root extract appeared to have a protective role against valproate sodium-induced thyroid injury. Most of the changes induced by valproate sodium were not observed after supplementation with the plant root extract.CONCLUSION: Valproate sodium has serious effects on the function and structure of thyroid gland, and this study shows that costus root extract could have a protective effect against these effects.KEYWORDS: valproate sodium, rat, thyrotoxicity, Saussurea lappa
Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Tubotympanic Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media Patients in Purwokerto, Indonesia Daniel Joko Wahyono; Anton Budhi Darmawan; Leader Alfason; Reinhard Simbolon; Siwi Pramatama Mars Wijayanti; Wisiva Tofriska Paramaiswari; Korrie Salsabila; Dodi Safari
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 12, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v12i4.1218

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) causes hearing impairment and frequently occurred in low-income country where medical care and personal hygiene are poor. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the most common cause of CSOM. We investigated prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa from tubotympanic CSOM patients in tertiary hospital, Purwokerto, Indonesia in 2016-2017.METHODS: Ear swab specimens were collected from patients with tubotympanic CSOM. S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were isolated and identified by culture, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and molecular tools. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method.RESULTS: Out of ear swabs from 34 patients with tubotympanic CSOM, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were identified in 35%patients. No Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strain was found from the ear swabs of the patients with tubotympanic CSOM. Bacterial identification using the MALDI-TOF MS was concordantly with culture and molecular tools. All S. aureus isolates showed full susceptibility to cefoxitin and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole. Resistance to tetracycline was common with only 64% of S. aureus strains being susceptible. Meanwhile, all P. aeruginosa strains were susceptible to cefepime, cetazidime, meropenem, gentamicin, and tobramycin.CONCLUSION: S. aureus and P. aeruginosa are found in patients with tubotympanic CSOM and still susceptible to different antibiotic agents. MALDI-TOF MS demonstrate rapid, accurate and robust to detect S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.KEYWORDS: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, chronic tubotympanic suppurative otitis media
Co-treatment of Brazilein Enhances Cytotoxicity of Doxorubicin on WiDr Colorectal Cancer Cells Through Cell Cycle Arrest Diah Tri Utami; Nadzifa Nugraheni; Riris Istighfari Jenie; Edy Meiyanto
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 12, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v12i4.1293

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The presence of adverse side effects limits the use of doxorubicin (Dox) despite its cost-effectiveness compared to other chemotherapeutic agents. Brazilein (Be), the major compound of Caesalpinia sappan, performs co-chemotherapeutic potency in several cancer cell lines. This study evaluates the chemosensitizing effects of Be to Dox on colon cancer cell line, WiDr.METHODS: The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was conducted to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of Be and its combination with Dox. The synergistic effect of Be and Dox was examined by using the Combination index (CI) parameter. Cell cycle and apoptosis profiles were done using flow cytometry with propidium iodide (PI)/RNase and Annexin V staining, respectively.RESULTS: The combination of Dox and Be at half of IC50 on WiDr cells showed a synergistic effect with a combination index of 0.4. Analysis of the cell cycle revealed that the combination caused cell cycle termination at the S and G2/M phase. This finding corresponded with the data that single treatment of Dox and Be induced cell cycle arrest at the different phases, namely S and G2/M phase, respectively. However, the combination treatment for 24 hours did not induce apoptosis. This combination should be further clarified as there was a possibility that many cells may underwent permanently arrest that halts to proceed apoptosis.CONCLUSION: Our findings suggested that Be synergizes with Dox to suppress the growth of WiDr cells via cell cycle arrest, hence, Be is potential to be developed as a co-chemotherapeutic agent. Our findings suggested that Be synergizes with Dox to suppress the growth of WiDr cells via cell cycle arrest, hence, Be is potential to be developed as a co-chemotherapeutic agent.KEYWORDS: Brazilein, colon cancer WiDr, co-treatment, Doxorubicin, cell cycle arrest
Positivity Rate of Pyrosequencing to Diagnose Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Directly from Sputum with Different Bacterial Load Selma Zein Syafira; Nabilla Ghina Zavitri; Su Yan; Yunia Sribudiani; Alexander Lezhava; Lidya Chaidir
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 12, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v12i4.1130

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Molecular techniques, which detect mutations associated with drug resistance tuberculosis (TB), are promising technologies for rapid diagnosis and monitoring of drug-resistant TB. Pyrosequencing is a potential rapid and robust molecular technique to detect drug resistance but its performance in clinical samples is less investigated. This study aimed to determine the positivity rate of pyrosequencing to diagnose drug-resistant TB directly from sputum samples with different grades of sputum smear microscopy results.METHODS: Thirty-five sputum specimens from drug-resistant TB suspects were submitted for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) microscopy. All specimens were cultured using microscopic observation drug susceptibility (MODS) culture. Pyrosequencing was performed to DNA extracted from sputum of culture-positive patients.RESULTS: MODS culture was positive in 19/35 subjects (54.29%) samples; 16 smear-positive and three smear-negative. Using pyrosequencing, Mycobacterium tuberculosis was identified in all culture-positive samples, including smear-negative samples. A complete resistance profile for 16 (82.35%) samples could be generated. Pyrosequencing failed to show results for eis or gyrA promoter in three samples. Nine of 19 patients were multidrug resistant-TB (MDR-TB), 1/19 was rifampicin-resistance TB (RR-TB), and 4/19 were pre-extensively drug-resistant TB (pre-XDR-TB). Two novel mutations in rpoB and rrs (associated with rifampicin and aminoglycoside, respectively) were found in this study.CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrates high positivity rates of pyrosequencing to detect drug-resistant TB directly from sputum samples with different grades of smear microscopy, as the surrogate of bacterial load. The assay can be used as a first prediction test of drug resistance prior to confirmation by phenotypic tests.KEYWORDS: drug-resistant tuberculosis, pyrosequencing, direct sputum
Basal-Like Subgroup is Associated with Younger Age, Increased Expression of Androgen Receptor, and Worse Prognosis, while Non-basal-like Subtype is Associated with Higher BMI in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients Ibnu Purwanto; Didik Setyo Heiyanto; Ahmad Ghozali; Irianiwati Widodo; Iwan Dwiprahasto; Teguh Aryandono; Sofia Mubarika Haryana
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 12, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v12i4.1289

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a heterogenous disease which differ in characteristic, treatment response and prognosis. We aim to perform in-depth analysis on the clinicopathologic feature and the prognostic value of basal-like and non-basal-like TNBC patients in an Indonesian tertiary hospital.METHODS: We retrospectively included patients diagnosed with TNBC between 2014-2017. Clinical variables were collected from medical record. Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6), p53 mutant and androgen receptor (AR) were examined by using immunohistochemistry (IHC).RESULTS: We included 67 subjects, 67.1% were basal-like and the remaining 32.9% were non-basal-like, with mean age of 51 years old, 59.7% subjects had BMI <25 and 40.3% subjects had BMI ≥25; 16.4%, 65.7%, and 17.9% subjects presented with early stage, locally advanced stage, and distant metastasis respectively; T<5 cm was found in 29.9% subjects, while 70.1% subjects had T≥5; 67.2% subjects presented with N-, while 32.8% subjects were N+. The most common histological type was infiltrating ductal (82% of subjects). P53 mutant and AR expressions were positive in 44.8% and 15% subjects, respectively. Basal-like subtype presented with younger age at and had higher expression of AR, while non-basal-like subtype is associated with BMI ≥25 (p<0.05). Basal-like subjects had shorter overall survival (23.9 months (95% CI: 21.9-25.9) vs. 26.1 months (95% CI: 23-29.2).CONCLUSION: Basal-like subtype is associated with worse prognosis, younger age at diagnosis and increased expression of AR, while non-basal-like subtype is associated with higher BMI in Indonesian TNBC.KEYWORDS: TNBC, subtype; basal-like, young age, Indonesia

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