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International Journal of Applied Biology
Published by Universitas Hasanuddin
ISSN : 25802410     EISSN : 25802119     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Social, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Automotive Engineering Energy Environmental Science
International Journal of Applied Biology is an international, peer reviewed journal, publishing high-quality research. International Journal of Applied Biology only publishes manuscripts in English. Please see the journal's Focus & Scope for information about its Scope and peer-review policy. International Journal of Applied Biology is available in print and online version.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 168 Documents
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Characterization of bacteria isolates from fermented cassava steeping water Olalekan Blessing Balogun; Bartholomew Saanu Adeleke; Ibukun Owoseni
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 5 No. 2 (2021): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijab.v5i2.18239

Abstract

Cassava is a tuber crop mainly cultivated in Africa countries. The presence of unwanted microorganisms can complicate the control of the fermentation process, which can lead to the production of objectionable odors in steeping water. Microbial and physical analyses during fufu production were performed on the steeping water. Bacteria count decreased with an increase in the fermentation time. The highest bacterial count of 6.6 × 103 CFU/mL, while the least count of 2.2 × 103 CFU/ml was recorded, respectively. The bacteria isolated include Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas species, Lactobacillus fermentum, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella sp. The pH value of 3.32 was recorded on day four, while the temperature was constant during the fermentation process. A high value of 45.2 mg/L total solids was recorded on day four, while the least value of 15.0 mg/L was obtained on day one. The effect of fermenting microorganisms under a controlled environment reduces the foul odor usually perceived during fufu production. Hence, the survival of these microorganisms at low pH can inhibit the growth of unwanted microorganisms, thus contributing to the acceptability of the cassava product, i.e. fufu.
A Molecular characterization of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia microorganisms in bovine populations of the Western Highland Agro-Ecological Zone of Cameroon Ghislain Roméo NGANGNANG
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 5 No. 2 (2021): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijab.v5i2.18389

Abstract

Rickettsial bacteria are important tick-transmitted microorganisms causing disease and death in cattle, sheep, goats and dogs in the area where tick vectors are found, becoming a major problem for improvement of animal production in the endemic areas. The study carried out in the Western Highlands of Cameroon was aimed at highlighting Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species in apparently healthy cattle. A total number of 162 blood samples were collected from cattle and screened via nested-PCR based Reverse Line Blot hybridization (RLB) assay for detection of rickettsial bacteria. Four species of these microorganisms were identified with an overall prevalence of 44.44%, Anaplasma marginale (41.35%) being the most prevalent species followed by Anaplasma sp. ‘Omatjenne’ (15.43%), Anaplasma centrale (8.64%) and Ehrlichia ruminantium (3.08%). Single infection (24.69%) was more frequent among the four types of mix infection observed with a significant difference. Parasite association was most found between A. marginale + Anaplasma sp. ‘Omatjenne’ (11.11%). Female cattle (44.79%) were more infected than males3.93%) but without significant difference while, yearling cattle (50%) were statistically more infected than adults (44.07%). The high prevalence and diversity of rickettsial organisms identified is evidence that disease and their vectors, the Amblyomma and Rhipicephalus (formerly Boophilus) ticks might be widespread in the Western Highlands of Cameroon. However, these findings with veterinary significance suggest the dire need for further research on the presence of other vectors apart from Amblyomma sp. and Rhipicephalus sp. in Cameroon.
Seperation of bioactive compounds from Haemolymph of scarab beetle Scarabaeus sacer (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) by GC-MS and determination of its antimicrobial activity doaa hassan abdelsalam; Nancy Taha Mohamed
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 5 No. 2 (2021): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijab.v5i2.18539

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the bioactive compounds in the haemolymph of scarab beetle Scarabaeus sacer by using the Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GS-MS) analysis. The identification of the bioactive compounds is based on peak area, retention time, molecular formula and molecular weight. There are 129 compounds are detected in the haemolymph of scarab beetle and 43 of them were reported to have a bioactivity. The most analyzed bioactive compounds are alcohols, steroids, fatty acids and terpenoids. The current study also test the antimicrobial activity of scarab beetle haemolymph against gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis), and fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans). The haemolymph has highest antibacterial activity against gram negative bacteria Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli respectively and against gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus respectively. No antifungal activity has been detected.
EXPLORATION OF INDIGENOUS YEASTS AS INOCULUM IN FERMENTATION OF SUGAR FACTORY WASTE (BAGASSE) INTO XYLITOL LOW-CALORIE SUGAR Nur Haedar; Heriadi Heriadi
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 5 No. 2 (2021): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijab.v5i2.18829

Abstract

Xylitol is a pentose sugar that has many benefits. The production of xylitol in biotechnology is more promising because in its production it only utilizes xylose fermentative yeast. This study aims to obtain yeast isolates and determine their ability to ferment xylose to xylitol. The samples used came from palm sap, coconut sap, soil and sugar press-mud. Yeast isolation was carried out by growing on YMA media which had added 0.1% chloramphenicol. Subsequently, the colony and cell morphology were observed. A total of 12 isolates of palm sap, 12 isolates of coconut sap, 8 isolates from soil and 6 isolates from sugar press-mud were screened on YPX Agar and Xylose Broth media with 3% xylose concentration to see their ability to grow on xylose media. Isolates P1, S3, KP3, KP4, T4 and B4 were selected for the fermentation test because they had the best growth in xylose broth as indicated by the highest OD value. Fermentation was carried out for 72 hours by measuring the pH value, total yeast at intervals of 24 hours. The xylitol levels formed were measured using HPLC/UPLC. Based on the measurement of the xylitol levels formed, the results were obtained in isolates P1 which was 1.28 g/100mL, S3 was 2.05 g/100mL, KP3 was 2.23 g/100mL, KP4 was 2.19 g/100mL, T4 2 was g /100mL and B4 2.47 g/100 mL with xylitol yields P1 which is 0.59 g/g, S3 is 0.67 g/g, KP3 is 0.63 g/g, KP4 is 0.62 g/g, T4 is 0.66 g/g and B4 were 0.64 g/g so that the six isolates isolated from palm sap, coconut sap, soil and sugar press-mud had the ability to produce xylitol.
Prospects of Fisheries Industry Development in Indonesia Through Online Publication Media Mahmud Mahmud
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 5 No. 2 (2021): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijab.v5i2.19455

Abstract

The potential of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries owned by Indonesia becomes a massive opportunity in producing various types of commodities provided by natural resources such as the fishing fish, aquaculture, fishery products, and ecotourism. Based on this, it is necessary to have synergy between the government, the private sector and the community in managing marine fisheries resources that exist today. Of course, with the existing potential, it will become a challenge in its management that can guarantee the sustainability of natural resources and the improvement of the people's economy. This paper examines the opportunities and challenges of the fishing industry in Indonesia using the input and output data of the Directorate General of Maritime and Fisheries Resources Supervision, which are analyzed descriptively using tables and graphs and journal reviews relating to the study.
Multidrug Resistant Vibrio Species Isolated From Abattoir and Aquaculture Environment in Ebonyi State, Nigeria stanley Onuoha; Felicia Oko; Collins Okafor; Kenneth Ovia
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijab.v6i1.18764

Abstract

Vibrio species in abattoir and aquaculture environment are of human health significance and may be increasing in pathogenicity and abundance. This study was aimed at determining the multidrug resistance of Vibrio species isolated from abattoir and aquaculture environment in Ebonyi state. Effluent samples were obtained from different abattoir sites within Ebonyi State from the butchers’ table, drainage, and wash water, while aquaculture sample were collected from different pond sites within the study area. Vibrio isolates were detected using Thiosulphate Citrate Bile Salt (TCBS) agar and identified based on the morphology and biochemical characterization. The results revealed a total of 50 isolates from 20 waste water samples. Waste water samples from different points of drainage water from abattoir had the highest microbial load of 3.85±0.35x106 CFU/mL. While, samples from butcher’s table and wash water from abattoir had high microbial load of 3.30±0.14x106and 3.25±0.14 x106 CFU/mL. respectively when compared to aquaculture samples which had the least microbial load of 0.6±3.9 x106 CFU/mL. Percentage antibiotic susceptibility profile showed Vibrio isolates were highly resistant to Tobramycin 40(80%), Cefoxitin 40(80%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 40(80%), Meropenem 30(52%), Cefepime28(56). Abattoir effluents and aquaculture are important reservoirs of multidrug resistant Vibrio pathogens. This implies that abattoir effluents could be important contributors to the episodes of epidemic cholera, non-Vibrio cholera and Vibrio causing illnesses in the study area.
BBird Diversity and Distribution Patterns in The Je'neberang River Flow Region, South Sulawesi Gowa Regency abd rukman burhan
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijab.v6i1.18967

Abstract

The Je'neberang River is a large river that flows from the eastern part of Mount Bawakaraeng and Mount Lompobattang which then goes downstream in the Makassar Strait with a river length of 78.75 km which allows the presence of many wild animals that live around the river. This study aims to determine the diversity and distribution pattern of birds in the Je'neberang watershed as an inventory of bird data. The Point Count method is used in this study where observations are divided into 5 stations from upstream to downstream, at each station, there are 6 observation spots with a distance of 300 m from each spot, with an observation radius of 50 m. The parameters of species diversity used in this research are Shanon Biodiversity, Modified Hill's Ratio Index of Evenness, Dominance Index, and Morisita Index. based on the results of the study found 39 species from 24 families of species Diversity (H') of birds in the Je'neberang watershed with a value of H' at the five stations from 1.95 to 2.67 (1.0 < H' 3.0) meaning moderate diversity. Evenness Index (E') Bird species in the Je'neberang Watershed, Gowa Regency, were classified as unstable with an E value at the five stations, from 0.54 to 0.68. Dominance Index (D) of Bird Species in the Je'neberang River Basin at each observation station, it is known that the five stations have high dominance because the D value at each station is close to 1, which is between 0.80 - 0.89. The distribution pattern of birds in the Je'neberang Watershed is mostly clustered, namely 30 species of birds, 5 species with uniform distribution patterns, and 4 species that cannot be analyzed.
Analysis of Antioxidant Content in Pollen and Honey Produced by Bees Trigona spp At Several Locations In South Sulawesi Nur Ramaliani Samsul; Eva Johannes; Syahribulan Syahribulan
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijab.v6i1.18991

Abstract

Trigona bees spp has a potential utilization of this bee is not inferior to Apis sp. The use of stingless honey bees in South Sulawesi has been carried out in several districts such as Selayar, Maros and Gowa. Trigona bees spp produce pollen and honey which contain antioxidants, antioxidants are compounds that can neutralize or destroy free radicals, so as to prevent various diseases. This research was conducted to analyze the antioxidant content of pollen and honey produced by the three districts and compare them with each other. Antioxidant levels was carried out using the DPPH method (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) with vitamin C was used as positive control. The results of the determinining the wavelength used using a UV Vis spectrophotometer obtained a wavelength of 513 nm used with the test results of antioxidant levels of Pollen extract from the Selayar location were 1666.33 µg/g, Pollen Maros 431.70 µg/g and Pollen Gowa 259.56 µg/g and the antioxidant content of honey from Selayar was 43.62 µg/g, Maros honey 28.08 µg/g and Gowa honey 31.80 µg/g. Pollen and Honey from Selayar had the highest antioxidant levels from the three locations.
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF POWER PLANT EFFLUENT DISCHARGE ON EKEMAZU STREAM IN DELTA STATE, NIGERIA. Hilda Emmanuel-Akerele
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijab.v6i1.18996

Abstract

Physicochemical analysis of Ekemazu stream in Delta State, Nigeria was carried out to assess the water quality between September 2014 and June 2015. Physicochemical parameters were analyzed according to standard methods for examination of water and wastewater. The turbidity of all the samples analysed across the seasons showed that the value was highest at the effluent discharge point at the peak of the flood season and least in the upstream at the setting – in of raining season in the following range: upstream; 12 ± 1 NTU to 25 ± 0 NTU, effluent discharge point; 121 ± 0 NTU to 423 ± 39 NTU, domestic activities point; 85 ± 2 NTU to 373 ± 40 NTU and in the downstream; 70 ± 0 NTU to 341 ± 44 NTU. All other parameters analyzed followed similar trend (highest in the effluent discharge point) either during the peak of flood season or peak of raining season and least in the upstream sample at other seasons. The statistical analysis of the difference in the physicochemical parameters of the upstream samples and the values obtained in effluent discharge point, domestic activities point and the downstream were all significant (P<0.05). This research clearly showed that some physicochemical parameters of the stream are higher than the WHO acceptable limit. This is due to the release of heavily polluted effluent into the stream, seasonal variations as well as some human activities in the water body resulting to high pollution of the stream.
Effect of weed control treatments and planting method on the yield and yield parameters of rice in Sudan savannah of Nigeria. olanrewaju danmaigoro; Abdullahi Bilyaminu shittu; tukur abduljalil; Musa muhammad umar
International Journal of Applied Biology Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): International Journal of Applied Biology
Publisher : Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/ijab.v6i1.19050

Abstract

The experimentswerecarried out in 2020 and 2021 rainy seasons to determine the performance ofrice as influenced by planting method and weed control treatments. The treatments consists of three planting methods (dibbling broadcasting and transplanting and weed control methods (hoe weeding, pre emergence application of gramazone (200g/L of paraquat/ha), pre and post emergence of gramazone (200g/L of paraquat/ha) and propanil (360g/L of propanil + 200g/L 2-4D) and weedy check). The treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and were replicated three times.The results revealed the plots weeded twice and those treated with pre and post emergence application of gramazone and propanil respectively resulted in more number of spikelet per panicle, longer panicle, increase in number of effective tillers per hill, more grains per panicle and grain yield. The effect of planting methods on the rice growth revealed that rice sown under transplanting methods gave more number of effective tiler per hill, longer panicle, more grain per panicle and increases in grain yield compared to the others methods while broadcasting resulted in the least value of the parameters than others methods.Therefore,it can be concluded that rice farmers in the sudan savanna zone of Nigeria can adoptpre and post emergence application of gramazone and propanil with transplanting method since the combination of these treatments gave better weed control, growth and yield of paddy rice. Key words: Herbicide, length of panicle, number of grain per panicle andgrain yield

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