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Journal : educational journal

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Konsep Reliabilitas dalam Penelitian dan Teknik Pengujianya Nur Saidah; Nur Mawaddah; Nur Hidayah; Zulpan Zulpan; Ahmad Husein; Arianto Arianto
Educational Journal Vol. 1 No. 3 (2026): FEBRUARI-APRIL
Publisher : Indo Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63822/9f7vte41

Abstract

Reliability is an important part of research because it shows the extent to which an instrument is able to provide consistent results when used repeatedly. A reliable instrument is considered trustworthy and truly describes the true condition of the object being studied. Without good reliability, research data becomes difficult to account for because the results are unstable. This study uses a literature study method by examining theories and results of previous research on the concept of reliability, types of reliability, and testing techniques. The results of the study show that reliability is closely related to the stability and accuracy of a measuring instrument. Various methods such as test-retest, split-half, equivalent form, and Cronbach's Alpha can be used according to research needs. Other factors such as the number of questions, the variety of participants, and the level of difficulty also affect the size of the reliability value. By understanding the concept of reliability thoroughly, researchers can construct more consistent and reliable instruments.
Ukuran Pemusatan dan Penyebaran Data Aulia Rifki; Siti Rahimah; Arianto Arianto; Zulpan Zulpan
Educational Journal Vol. 1 No. 3 (2026): FEBRUARI-APRIL
Publisher : Indo Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63822/xh0kfd65

Abstract

Statistics is the science of collecting, processing, presenting, and analyzing data in order to provide meaningful information for decision-making. One of the fundamental concepts in statistics is the measure of central tendency and data dispersion. Measures of central tendency, which include mean, median, and mode, describe the central value of a data set. Meanwhile, measures of dispersion, such as range, variance, and standard deviation, are used to determine how far the data values deviate from the center. This article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the concepts, formulas, and applications of measures of central tendency and dispersion in the context of learning statistics. With a proper understanding, students are expected to analyze data more critically, recognize variation within a phenomenon, and connect the analysis results to real-life problems. The discussion in this paper is expected to strengthen students’ analytical skills and provide a solid foundation for studying more advanced statistical methods
Konsep Homogenitas dan Normalitas dalam Statistik serta Teknik Pengujiannya Fitrah Al Fatih; Nabila Putri Lubis; Khoirun Nisah HSB; Zulpan Zulpan; Arianto Arianto
Educational Journal Vol. 1 No. 3 (2026): FEBRUARI-APRIL
Publisher : Indo Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63822/b98bqe88

Abstract

The assumptions of homogeneity and normality are fundamental prerequisites in parametric statistical analyses such as the t-test, ANOVA, and linear regression. Without meeting these assumptions, the results of data analysis may become invalid and lead to biased conclusions. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the fundamental concepts of homogeneity and normality, their importance in quantitative research, and various methods used to test them. The discussion covers definitions and the roles of homogeneity and normality in statistical tests, testing methods such as Levene’s Test and Bartlett’s Test for homogeneity, as well as Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test and Shapiro-Wilk Test for normality. The analysis also includes the interpretation of test results and an example of their application to research data. The findings indicate that a solid understanding of these basic statistical assumptions is crucial to ensure the validity and reliability of research outcomes. This article provides both theoretical and practical foundations to help researchers select and apply appropriate testing methods prior to conducting data analysis.  
Co-Authors Ahmad Fauzi Pulungan Ahmad Husein Aulia Rifki Fitrah Al Fatih Khoirun Nisah HSB Muhammad Rizky Rochmawan Nabila Putri Lubis Nur Hidayah Nur Mawaddah Nur Saidah Sahrul Sahrul Siti Rahimah Siti Sarah Tri Idha Sari Zulpan Zulpan Zulpan Zulpan