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All Journal Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Syir'ah Syaksia : Jurnal Hukum Perdata Islam MALLOMO: Journal of Community Service Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Al-Afaq: Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Khidmatuna: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Hikmatuna
Hisbullah Salam
Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Astronomy Chemistry Computer Science & IT Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Physics Social Sciences Other

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Problematika Bentuk Bumi: Kajian Komparatif Historis Sains Serta Perspektif Al-Qur’an Dan Sunnah Salam, Hisbullah; Alamsyah, Alamsyah
AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 4 No. 2 (2022): Desember 2022
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v4i2.5301

Abstract

This article discusses the problems of the shape of the earth: a comparative historical study of science and the perspective of the Qur'an and Sunnah. Among the scientific studies that are quite warm and test the existence of modern science in recent years is the debate between adherents of the spherical Earth theory (spherical and ellipsoid) and adherents of the flat Earth theory (flat earth). This issue becomes a very serious problem because each party not only shows scientific evidence, but also uses the arguments of the Qur'an and hadith to strengthen their arguments. From a scientific point of view, flat-Earthers argue against the spherical Earth theory such as the invisible curvature of the Earth based on Samuel Rowbotham's experiments, claims that NASA fabricated photos of the Earth and satellites are mere lies, there is no gravity, the north pole is the center of the Earth and so on. Other Meanwhile, in terms of syar’i texts, the commentators also differ in opinion about how the Earth actually looks like. What was put forward by adherents of flat earth was then responded by adherents of round Earth with a number of scientific arguments. In this paper, the authors present a comparison between the flat earth theory and rebuttals from adherents of the spherical earth theory in several approaches, such as the development of history, science, the study of astronomy and interpretation of the Qur'an.
Contemporary Ijtihad by Muhammadiyah on the Dawn (Fajr) Time Controversy: Analysis of Maqāṣid al-Sharī'ah and the Response of the Muhammadiyah Mosque Prosperity Council in Makassar City Alamsyah; Salam, Hisbullah; Masuwd, Mowafg Abrahem
Hikmatuna : Journal for Integrative Islamic Studies Vol 11 No 1 (2025): Hikmatuna: Journal for Integrative Islamic Studies, June 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28918/hikmatuna.v11i1.10923

Abstract

Muhammadiyah's determination of Fajr prayer time using a sun angle of -18° has elicited varied responses from the community. This study aims to analyze Muhammadiyah’s scientific approach and the accompanying social dynamics. The research employed a qualitative case-study method, involving literature studies, field observations, and semi-structured interviews with religious leaders and congregants at Muhammadiyah mosques in Makassar City. Key findings indicate that 76.19% of Muhammadiyah Mosque Prosperity Council (DKM) members accept the Muhammadiyah Central Board’s criteria for determining Fajr time; however, only 66.67% have implemented these criteria. This moderate implementation rate reflects a significant gap between theoretical acceptance and practical application, indicating issues of community readiness and internal communication effectiveness. Supporting factors for implementation include the availability of recent astronomical data, Muhammadiyah's spirit of tajdīd (renewal), and the integrity of falak (Islamic astronomy) methodology. Conversely, limiting factors include low public literacy, insufficient socialization at mosque-level, and congregants’ apprehension about change due to unfamiliarity with the revised criteria. Analysis based on maqāṣid al-sharī'ah is relevant in this context. Principles such as ḥifẓ al-dīn (preserving religion), ḥifẓ al-nafs (maintaining inner peace), and ḥifẓ al-‘aql (maintaining rationality) are essential considerations in contemporary ijtihad. This approach ensures that religious renewal, including the revision of Fajr prayer time, is valid in terms of Islamic law, ethical, educational, and socially acceptable. The implication of this study is the necessity to integrate astronomical aspects with strategic socialization and educational programs to enable rational acceptance of Islamic legal transformations and reduce community resistance effectively.
Revitalizing Traditional Astronomical Instruments: Developing a Local Dial Model for Accurate Prayer Time Determination Sartika, Sartika; Salam, Hisbullah; Mansyur, Fakhruddin; M, Nurhidaya
Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Syari'ah dan Hukum UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/al-hilal.2025.7.2.28952

Abstract

This study addresses the limitations of contemporary prayer time instruments, which often require complex calculations, electricity, internet connectivity, or direct exposure to sunlight, by developing a practical, local dial–based tool for community use. Employing a Research and Development (R&D) approach, data were collected through observation and documentation and analyzed using descriptive and comparative methods. The device integrates calculations from the Indonesian Ministry of Religious Affairs, including altitude corrections for Maghrib, Isha, and Fajr, processed through VBA in Microsoft Excel using astronomical formulas from Jean Meeus’s Astronomical Algorithms. The instrument comprises a dial field, support field, tripod, thread, spirit level, minute-scale ruler, and stick, with the dial incorporating an analog prayer-time circle, an ‘Asr curve, and a Zuhr line. Comparative testing against the official prayer schedule demonstrates high accuracy with only a one-minute deviation. Designed for long-term use, the device remains valid for 50 years from 2023 and is applicable within a 27.5 km radius of Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar.
Literacy on the Unified Global Hijri Calendar and Basic Hisab Training at a Muhammadiyah Islamic Boarding School Alamsyah Alamsyah; St. Muthaharah; Abdillah S; Hisbullah Salam; Erty Rospyana Rufaidah
Khidmatuna : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): May
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Universitas Islam Syarifuddin Lumajang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54471/khidmatuna.v6i2.3906

Abstract

This community engagement program aimed to strengthen literacy on the Unified Global Hijri Calendar (Kalender Hijriah Global Tunggal, KHGT) and basic operational hisab skills among members of a Muhammadiyah Islamic boarding school community in Makassar. The program was designed in response to the partner community’s need to understand the fiqh foundations, the Muhammadiyah tarjih methodology, astronomical arguments, and the practical use of official calendar information in religious and institutional life. The engagement employed Participatory Action Research (PAR) combined with a service-learning orientation through four phases: joint needs diagnosis, collaborative program planning, KHGT literacy and basic hisab training, and reflection-evaluation for follow-up planning. Thirty participants took part in the activity, consisting of students, teachers/ ustaz, mentors, and members of the pesantren community. Data were collected through participatory observation, documentation, participant feedback, and pre-test and post-test instruments based on KHGT literacy indicators. The results indicate a substantial descriptive improvement. The participants’ mean score increased from 49.3 in the pre-test to 89.3 in the post-test, representing a 40-point increase and an N-gain of 0.79, which falls into the high category. All participants obtained a minimum post-test score of 75, and 73.3% achieved scores of 85 or higher. Beyond cognitive improvement, the program generated direct outputs for the partner institution, including KHGT literacy materials, worksheets for practicing calendar interpretation, and an internal cadre-development plan. These findings suggest that pesantren-based KHGT literacy can serve as a community capacity-building strategy that enables religious communities to understand the global Islamic calendar in a scientific, sharia-based, practical, and sustainable manner.
Qibla Direction Training for the Million People of South Galesong District, Takalar Regency Sartika Sartika; Hisbullah Salam; Riski Amalia; M. Amil Arfah; Nanda Nanda; Alamsyah Alamsyah
MALLOMO: Journal of Community Service Vol 6 No 2 (2026): Juni-November
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidenreng Rappang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55678/mallomo.v6i2.2938

Abstract

This community service activity aimed to improve public knowledge and practical skills in determining accurate Qibla direction for places of worship and cemeteries in South Galesong District, Takalar Regency. The activity was carried out through coordination with local partners, socialization on the urgency of Qibla accuracy, training in the use of compasses, Istiwa'aini instruments, smartphone-based Qibla applications, field practice, calibration at selected mosques and cemeteries, and evaluation through observation, discussion, and comparison of measurement results. Data were analyzed descriptively by examining participant responses, field participation, and differences between existing Qibla directions and measured results. The activity showed that community knowledge of Qibla measurement methods and supporting technology was still limited, while participants responded positively to direct training and field assistance. Measurements on mosque and cemetery samples found deviations of fifteen to twenty-six degrees from the accurate Qibla direction. The program concluded that integrated socialization, instrument practice, and field calibration can strengthen community capacity to check and correct Qibla direction independently and sustainabl
ANALISIS AKURASI ARAH KIBLAT MASJID NASRULLAH DUSUN SALEMBA DESA TIMBUSENG KABUPATEN GOWA MENGGUNAKAN METODE ISTIWA ‘AINI: Indonesia Alamsyah alam
Syaksia: Jurnal Hukum Perdata Islam Vol 27 No 1 (2026): Januari-Juni
Publisher : Islamic Civil Law Departement of Shari'a Faculty at Islamic State University of Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37035/syaksia.v27i1.12824

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the accuracy of the qibla direction of Nasrullah Mosque, located in Palemba Hamlet, Timbuseng Village, Gowa Regency, using the Istiwa Aini method. This mosque is one of the oldest mosques in Timbuseng Village and was previously known as Al-Muhajirin Mosque before being renamed Nasrullah Mosque. This research employs a descriptive field-based approach within the framework of Islamic astronomy (ilmu falak). Data were obtained through direct observation of the mihrab orientation, prayer rows, and mosque building structure, and were then verified using applications and Istiwa Aini instruments. The calculation results show that the qibla azimuth is 292°28’05.90”, with field measurements conducted using the sun’s shadow as the basis for drawing the qibla direction line. The findings indicate that the qibla direction of Nasrullah Mosque is highly accurate because the measured line corresponds with the mosque’s qibla orientation. These findings reinforce the importance of scientifically verifying the qibla direction of old mosques in order to provide certainty in worship for the community.
Accuracy of Burial Qibla Orientation in Gowa’s Allata Tradition: An Islamic Astronomy Perspective Alamsyah Alamsyah; Ferdinan Ferdinan; Sulaeman Sulaeman; Hisbullah Salam; Mualimin Mochammad Sahid
Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Syir'ah Vol 24, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : IAIN Manado

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30984/jis.v24i1.3831

Abstract

Determining the Qibla direction for Muslim burials is both a legal and astronomical concern. Yet some indigenous Makassar communities in Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi, continue to rely on Allata, a local tradition for orienting graves through inherited knowledge, prayer, and intuition rather than calibrated instruments. This study examines the accuracy of Allata from an Islamic astronomy perspective using an ethnographic approach and field-based Qibla measurements with Istiwa’aini and a Suunto compass. The findings show deviations of 17°–23° from the required Qibla azimuth of 292°, indicating a substantial gap between customary orientation and astronomical calculation. These deviations matter because burial orientation is not merely a spatial arrangement; it also concerns the religious propriety of placing the deceased toward the Ka‘bah, particularly within the Shafi‘i legal tradition. The findings suggest that Allata should be preserved as a living cultural practice, but its application requires astronomical verification. Structured training for Parewa, simple measurement tools, verified cemetery markers, and collaboration with ‘ilm al-falak experts are needed to improve Qibla accuracy without weakening the cultural authority of the tradition.
Astronomical Measurement and Fiqh Review of Qibla Deviation: A Case Study of Mosque and a Cemetery Complex in Timbuseng, Takalar Hisbullah Salam; Alamsyah; Sartika
AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Desember 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20414/afaq.v7i2.14597

Abstract

This research addresses the issue of inaccurate Qibla direction by evaluating the degree of deviation at the Assalam Mosque and the public cemetery in Timbuseng Hamlet, Takalar, and analyzing it based on tolerance limits established in Islamic Jurisprudence (Fiqh) and Astronomy (Ilmu Falak). The study aims to examine the conformity of the Qibla direction at these case study locations with the actual direction towards the Ka'bah. The methods employed include measuring the existing azimuth using Google Earth, followed by field measurements with a compass and Istiwa'aini to obtain real values for the existing azimuth and the Qibla azimuth. The measurement results were then analyzed by applying Qibla tolerance theories. The findings reveal that the Qibla direction of the Assalam Mosque has a deviation of 12°, which, according to the Shafi'i school of jurisprudence, far exceeds the tolerance limit. Similar results were found in the grave orientations within the cemetery complex, which showed deviation variations between 21° and 30°. However, from the perspectives of the Hanafi, Maliki, and Hanbali schools, the deviations occurring in both the mosque and the graves remain within permissible limits. These findings confirm a discrepancy between field conditions and sharia standards, particularly when referring to the Shafi'i school, which is predominantly adhered to by Muslims in Indonesia, including in Takalar. Therefore, this study recommends correction and massive socialization regarding the importance of Qibla accuracy, as well as the use of more precise calibration tools such as theodolites dan Istiwa'aini.
Co-Authors Abdillah S alamsyah Alamsyah - Alamsyah Alamsyah Erty Rospyana Rufaidah Ferdinan Ferdinan Hisbullah Salam M, Nurhidaya M. Amil Arfah Mansyur, Fakhruddin Mowafg Abrahem Masuwd Mualimin Mochammad Sahid Nanda Nanda Riski Amalia Salam, Hisbullah Sartika St. Muthaharah Sulaeman