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Potensi Antibakteri Ekstrak Umbi Bawang Tiwai terhadap Cutibacterium acnes Nazwa Nazhira Maharani; Purwaeni Purwaeni; Dadang Juanda
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 183 - 190
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.24635

Abstract. Cutibacterium acnes plays a key role in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance associated with acne treatment has encouraged the development of natural antibacterial agents as safer alternatives. One promising medicinal plant is the bulb of Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb. which contains various secondary metabolites with antibacterial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract of E. bulbosa bulbs against C. acnes. An experimental study was conducted, including sample preparation, simplicia preparation and characterization, phytochemical screening, extraction by maceration using 96% ethanol, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis and antibacterial testing using the agar well diffusion method at extract concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20%. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test. The ethanolic extract exhibited antibacterial activity against C. acnes, with mean inhibition zone diameters of 11.28 ± 0.45 mm, 12.79 ± 0.56 mm, and 13.41 ± 0.20 mm at concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20%, respectively. Statistical analysis showed significant differences among the treatment groups (p < 0.05), with the 20% extract demonstrating the strongest antibacterial activity. These findings suggest that the ethanolic extract of E. bulbosa bulbs has potential as a natural antibacterial agent for acne therapy. Abstrak. Cutibacterium acnes merupakan bakteri yang berperan penting dalam patogenesis jerawat (acne vulgaris). Meningkatnya kejadian resistensi akibat penggunaan antibiotik dalam terapi jerawat mendorong pengembangan antibakteri alami sebagai alternatif yang lebih aman. Salah satu tanaman yang berpotensi dikembangkan adalah umbi bawang tiwai (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb.) yang diketahui mengandung berbagai metabolit sekunder dengan aktivitas antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi antibakteri ekstrak etanol umbi bawang tiwai terhadap Cutibacterium acnes. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental melalui tahapan penyiapan bahan, pembuatan dan karakterisasi simplisia, skrining fitokimia, ekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 96%, pemantauan ekstrak menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT), serta pengujian aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi sumuran pada konsentrasi ekstrak 10%, 15%, dan 20%. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji One-Way ANOVA. Ekstrak etanol umbi bawang tiwai menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Cutibacterium acnes dengan rata-rata diameter zona hambat pada konsentrasi 10%, 15%, dan 20% berturut-turut sebesar 11,28 ± 0,45 mm, 12,79 ± 0,56 mm, dan 13,41 ± 0,20 mm. Analisis statistik menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna antarperlakuan (p < 0,05), dengan konsentrasi 20% menghasilkan aktivitas antibakteri paling optimal. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, ekstrak etanol umbi bawang tiwai berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai sumber antibakteri alami untuk terapi jerawat.

Studi Literatur Perbandingan Metode Isolasi Peroksidase Tanaman untuk Biosensor Kanker Paru Adi Ahmad Mulyana; Dina Mulyanti; Dadang Juanda
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 255 - 264
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.24756

Abstract. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, emphasizing the need for sensitive and accurate early detection methods. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is widely used for detecting lung cancer biomarkers by employing horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as an enzyme label. However, the availability of HRP depends on Armoracia rusticana, a plant cultivated mainly in subtropical regions, encouraging the search for alternative plant-derived peroxidases. This study aimed to compare isolation and purification methods of plant peroxidases based on enzyme activity recovery, specific activity, and purification fold to evaluate their potential as alternative HRP for biosensor applications in early lung cancer detection. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Springer Nature Link databases. Ten articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The results showed that the Three-Phase Partitioning (TPP) method achieved the highest enzyme activity recovery (159%), while sequential ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography produced the highest purification fold (230-fold). The highest specific activity (13,136 U/mg) was reported for ginger (Zingiber officinale) peroxidase. These findings indicate that TPP is the most effective method for preserving enzyme activity, whereas sequential chromatography produces highly purified peroxidase with strong potential as an alternative HRP for ELISA-based biosensors. Abstrak.. Kanker paru merupakan penyebab kematian akibat kanker tertinggi di dunia sehingga diperlukan metode deteksi dini yang sensitif. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) merupakan salah satu metode yang banyak digunakan dalam deteksi biomarker kanker paru dengan memanfaatkan horseradish peroxidase (HRP) sebagai enzim penanda. Namun, ketersediaan HRP masih bergantung pada tanaman horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) yang dibudidayakan di wilayah subtropis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui metode isolasi dan pemurnian enzim peroksidase dari berbagai tanaman berdasarkan parameter rendemen, aktivitas enzim , dan faktor pemurnian sebagai kandidat alternatif HRP dalam aplikasi biosensor dan sistem ELISA. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) mengikuti pedoman PRISMA. Literatur diperoleh dari basis data PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Springer Nature Link, diperoleh 10 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa metode Three Phase Partitioning (TPP) menghasilkan rendemen aktivitas enzim tertinggi sebesar 159%, sedangkan kombinasi kromatografi pertukaran ion dan gel filtrasi menghasilkan faktor pemurnian tertinggi sebesar 230 kali. Aktivitas spesifik tertinggi dilaporkan pada peroksidase jahe (Zingiber officinale) sebesar 13,136 U/mg. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, metode TPP merupakan pendekatan terbaik untuk mempertahankan rendemen aktivitas enzim, sedangkan metode pemurnian bertingkat yang melibatkan DEAE-Sepharose, CM-Sepharose, dan Sephacryl S-200 pada peroksidase jahe terbukti menghasilkan aktivitas spesifik tertinggi sebagai kandidat alternatif HRP.

Skrining Fitokimia, Karakterisasi Simplisia dan Analisis Profil KLT dari Ekstrak (Kappaphycopsis cottonii) Putri Aulia Nurul Fadillah; Dadang Juanda; Esti Rachmawati
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 347 - 354
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.24912

Abstract. Red algae (Kappaphycopsis cottonii) is a natural resource containing secondary metabolites with potential bioactive properties. Identification of metabolites, crude drug characterization, and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) profiling are preliminary steps to ensure raw material quality. This study aimed to determine the secondary metabolite content, crude drug characteristics, and TLC profile of Kappaphycopsis cottonii. Phytochemical screening was performed qualitatively using specific reagents. Crude drug characterization followed the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia. Sequential reflux extraction was performed using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. TLC profiling was conducted using 5% AlCl₃ and 10% FeCl₃ as spot-detecting reagents. Phytochemical screening showed positive reactions for alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins, quinones, monoterpenes/sesquiterpenes, and steroids/terpenoids. Characterization showed water-soluble extractive content of 16.157%, ethanol-soluble extractive content of 6.730%, total ash content of 19.383%, acid-insoluble ash content of 0.998%, moisture content of 4.333%, and loss on drying of 9.124%. TLC profiling indicated that all extracts contained polyphenols and flavonoids. These findings demonstrate that Kappaphycopsis cottonii has suitable crude drug characteristics and contains secondary metabolites with potential for further development as a herbal medicinal raw material. Abstrak. Alga merah (Kappaphycopsis cottonii) merupakan salah satu sumber bahan alam yang diketahui mengandung metabolit sekunder berpotensi sebagai senyawa bioaktif. Identifikasi kandungan metabolit dan karakterisasi simplisia dan analisis profil kromatografi lapis tipis diperlukan sebagai tahap awal untuk menjamin mutu bahan baku. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan metabolit sekunder dan karakteristik simplisia serta profil KLT dari Alga merah (Kappaphycopsis cottonii). Skrining fitokimia dilakukan terhadap simplisia secara kualitatif menggunakan pereaksi spesifik untuk mengidentifikasi golongan senyawa metabolit sekunder. Karakterisasi simplisia dilakukan dengan mengikuti pustaka acuan Farmakope Herbal Indonesia. Ekstraksi dilakukan secara refluks bertingkat dengan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat dan metanol. Analisis profil KLT dilakukan dengan penampak bercak AlCl3 5%, FeCl3 10%. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan positif mengandung alkaloid, polifenolat, flavonoid, saponin, kuinon, monoterpen/seskuiterpen dan steroid/terpenoid. Hasil karakterisasi simplisia menunjukkan simplisia memiliki kadar sari larut air 16,157%, kadar sari larut etanol 6,730% kadar abu total 19,383%, kadar abu tidak larut asam 0,998%, kadar air 4,333%, susut pengeringan 9,124%. Hasil analisis profil KLT menunjukan ekstrak n-heksana, etil asetat dan metanol mengandung polifenolat dan flavonoid. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa Kappaphycopsis cottonii memiliki mutu simplisia yang baik serta mengandung metabolit sekunder yang berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai bahan baku untuk obat bahan alam.

Penapisan Fitokimia, Karakterisasi Simplisia dan Analisis Profil KLT Ekstrak Kunyit Hitam Hilda Amaniroffi; Dadang Juanda; Yani Lukmayani
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 603 - 610
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25271

Abstract. Black turmeric (Curcuma caesia Roxb.) rhizome is a medicinal plant with the potential to be developed as a raw material for traditional medicine due to its diverse secondary metabolites. Prior to its utilization, the simplicia must be characterized to ensure its quality and safety. This study aimed to characterize the simplicia, perform phytochemical screening, conduct sequential extraction, and monitor the extracts of black turmeric rhizomes. Simplicia characterization included the determination of moisture content, total ash content, acid-insoluble ash content, water-soluble extractive value, and ethanol-soluble extractive value. Phytochemical screening was carried out qualitatively, while sequential extraction was performed using the reflux method with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol as solvents. The extracts were monitored using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with silica gel GF254 as the stationary phase, chloroform as the mobile phase, and AlCl₃ 5%, FeCl₃ 10%, and H₂SO₄ 10% as spray reagents. The results showed that the black turmeric simplicia met the quality requirements for use as a raw material for traditional medicine. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, saponins, monoterpenoids/sesquiterpenoids, triterpenoids/steroids, and quinones, while alkaloids were not detected. The methanol extract produced the highest extraction yield (8.6255%), and TLC analysis confirmed the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds in all extracts. These findings indicate that black turmeric rhizomes have good simplicia quality and considerable potential as a raw material for traditional medicine. Abstract. Black turmeric (Curcuma caesia Roxb.) rhizome is a medicinal plant with the potential to be developed as a raw material for traditional medicine due to its diverse secondary metabolites. Prior to its utilization, the simplicia must be characterized to ensure its quality and safety. This study aimed to characterize the simplicia, perform phytochemical screening, conduct sequential extraction, and monitor the extracts of black turmeric rhizomes. Simplicia characterization included the determination of moisture content, total ash content, acid-insoluble ash content, water-soluble extractive value, and ethanol-soluble extractive value. Phytochemical screening was carried out qualitatively, while sequential extraction was performed using the reflux method with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol as solvents. The extracts were monitored using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with silica gel GF254 as the stationary phase, chloroform as the mobile phase, and AlCl₃ 5%, FeCl₃ 10%, and H₂SO₄ 10% as spray reagents. The results showed that the black turmeric simplicia met the quality requirements for use as a raw material for traditional medicine. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, saponins, monoterpenoids/sesquiterpenoids, triterpenoids/steroids, and quinones, while alkaloids were not detected. The methanol extract produced the highest extraction yield (8.6255%), and TLC analysis confirmed the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds in all extracts. These findings indicate that black turmeric rhizomes have good simplicia quality and considerable potential as a raw material for traditional medicine. Abstrak. Rimpang kunyit hitam (Curcuma caesia Roxb.) merupakan tanaman obat yang berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai bahan baku obat tradisional karena mengandung berbagai senyawa metabolit sekunder. Sebelum dimanfaatkan, simplisia perlu dikarakterisasi untuk menjamin mutu dan keamanannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan karakterisasi simplisia, penapisan fitokimia, ekstraksi bertingkat, dan pemantauan ekstrak rimpang kunyit hitam. Karakterisasi meliputi penetapan kadar air, kadar abu total, kadar abu tidak larut asam, kadar sari larut air, dan kadar sari larut etanol. Penapisan fitokimia dilakukan secara kualitatif, sedangkan ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode refluks menggunakan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat, dan metanol. Pemantauan ekstrak dilakukan menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) dengan fase diam silika gel GF254, fase gerak kloroform, serta penampak bercak AlCl₃ 5%, FeCl₃ 10%, dan H₂SO₄ 10%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa simplisia memenuhi parameter mutu sebagai bahan baku obat tradisional. Penapisan fitokimia menunjukkan adanya flavonoid, fenol, tanin, saponin, monoterpenoid/seskuiterpenoid, triterpenoid/steroid, dan kuinon, sedangkan alkaloid tidak terdeteksi. Ekstrak metanol memberikan rendemen tertinggi sebesar 8,6255%, dan hasil KLT menunjukkan seluruh ekstrak positif mengandung flavonoid dan fenol. Rimpang kunyit hitam berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai bahan baku obat tradisional.

Skrining Fitokimia, Karakterisasi Simplisia dan Analisis Profil KLT Ekstrak Ceri Barbados Shakira Rida Utami; Dadang Juanda; Umi Yuniarni
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 629 - 636
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25304

Abstract. Barbados cherry leaves (Malpighia glabra L.) are a plant that has the potential to be developed as a raw material for traditional medicine because they contain various secondary metabolites. This study aims to characterize the crude drug, phytochemical screening, and thin layer chromatography (TLC) profile analysis of barbados cherry leaf extract. The crude drug characterization was carried out according to the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia. Phytochemical screening was carried out qualitatively using specific reagents, while the extract was analyzed using TLC on silica gel GF₂₅₄ plates. The characterization results showed that the crude drug met the quality parameters, namely water content of 8.5%, drying loss of 9.902%, total ash content of 12.628%, acid-insoluble ash content of 2.112%, water-soluble extract content of 21.187%, and ethanol-soluble extract content of 21.577%. Phytochemical screening showed undetectable compounds, namely alkaloids. TLC profile analysis showed differences in spot patterns between extracts according to the level of solvent polarity. The results of the study showed that the simplicia and extract of Barbados cherry leaves have characteristics that can be used as initial data in the standardization and identification of the chemical content of plants. Abstrak. Daun ceri barbados (Malpighia glabra L.) merupakan tanaman yang berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai bahan baku obat tradisional karena mengandung berbagai metabolit sekunder. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan karakterisasi simplisia, skrining fitokimia, dan analisis profil kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) ekstrak daun ceri barbados. Karakterisasi simplisia dilakukan sesuai Farmakope Herbal Indonesia. Skrining fitokimia dilakukan secara kualitatif menggunakan pereaksi spesifik, sedangkan ekstrak dianalisis menggunakan KLT pada lempeng silika gel GF₂₅₄. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa simplisia memenuhi parameter mutu, yakni kadar air 8,5%, susut pengeringan 9,902%, kadar abu total 12,628%, kadar abu tidak larut asam 2,112%, kadar sari larut air 21,187%, dan kadar sari larut etanol 21,577%. Skrining fitokimia menunjukkan kandungan senyawa yang tidak terdeteksi yaitu alkaloid. Analisis profil KLT menunjukkan perbedaan pola bercak antar ekstrak sesuai dengan tingkat kepolaran pelarut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa simplisia dan ekstrak daun ceri barbados memiliki karakteristik yang dapat digunakan sebagai data awal dalam standarisasi dan identifikasi kandungan kimia tanaman.

Isolasi Senyawa Flavonoid Berpotensi sebagai Antioksidan dari Rimpang Renggak (Amomum dealbatum Roxb.) Roza Kholila Rosyada; Kiki Mulkiya Yuliawati; Dadang Juanda
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 753 - 762
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25687

Abstract. Excessive free radicals can induce oxidative stress, which contributes to the development of various degenerative diseases. Renggak (Amomum dealbatum Roxb.) has the potential to serve as a natural source of antioxidants due to its flavonoid content. This study aimed to isolate flavonoids with potential antioxidant activity and to perform the preliminary characterization of the obtained isolate. Extraction was carried out by maceration using 96% ethanol, followed by liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) for fractionation. Separation was performed using Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC) and Classical Column Chromatography (CCC). Flavonoids were identified using 5% AlCl₃ as a spray reagent, while antioxidant activity was evaluated using 0.2% DPPH. Purification was conducted by preparative Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC), and purity was confirmed using one-dimensional and two-dimensional TLC analyses. The results showed that the crude extract yield was 10.59%. The ethyl acetate fraction produced the highest yield (31.98%) and demonstrated the presence of flavonoids as well as an tioxidant activity. The isolated compound exhibited an Rf value of 0.50 using a chloroform–methanol (16:1) mobile phase and gave positive reactions with both 5% AlCl₃ and 0.2% DPPH spray reagents. UV–Visible spectrophotometric characterization revealed maximum absorption wavelengths at 337 nm (Band I) and 276 nm (Band II). These findings indicate that the isolate belongs to the flavonoid class and possesses antioxidant activity. Abstrak. Radikal bebas yang berlebihan dapat menyebabkan stres oksidatif yang berkontribusi terhadap berbagai penyakit degeneratif. Tanaman renggak (Amomum dealbatum Roxb.) berpotensi menjadi sumber antioksidan alami karena mengandung flavonoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengisolasi flavonoid yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan serta melakukan karakterisasi awal terhadap isolat yang diperoleh. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 96%, fraksinasi dilakukan dengan ekstraksi cair-cair (ECC). Kromatografi Cair Vakum (KCV), Kromatografi Kolom Klasik (KKK). Identifikasi flavonoid menggunakan penampak bercak AlCl₃ 5%, dan uji aktivitas antioksdian dengan DPPH 0,2%,. Pemurnian dilakukan dengan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) preparatif. Uji kemurnian dilakukan dengan KLT pengembangan tunggal dan dua dimensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rendemen ekstrak sebesar 10,59%. Hasill ECC Fraksi etil asetat memberikan rendemen terbesar yaitu 31,98%, serta menunjukkan adanya flavonoid dan aktivitas antioksidan. Isolat yang diperoleh memiliki nilai Rf 0,5 dengan fase gerak kloroform-metanol (16:1). Bereaksi positif dengan penampak bercak AlCl₃ 5% dan DPPH 0,2%. Karakterisasi dengan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis menunjukkan isolat memiliki panjang gelombang maksimum 337 nm (pita I) dan 276 nm (pita II). Isolat merupakan golongan flavonoid yang aktif antioksidan.

Karakterisasi dan Skrining Fitokimia Simplisia dan Ekstrak Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) Khansha Putri Amaturrofy; Taufik Muhammad Fakih; Dadang Juanda
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 861 - 868
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25947

Abstract. Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera L.) are a plant source rich in secondary metabolites. This study aimed to determine the quality of the crude drugs through characterization and to identify classes of secondary metabolites in both the crude drugs and the extract using phytochemical screening. Crude drugs characterization included total ash content, acid-insoluble ash content, water-soluble extractive content, ethanol-soluble extractive content, moisture content, and loss on drying. Phytochemical screening was performed on the crude drugs and extract to identify classes of compounds including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and saponins. The results indicated that all parameters met the quality standard requirements set by the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia. Phytochemical screening of the crude drugs revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and saponins, whereas alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, and tannins were identified in the extract. These findings demonstrate that characterization and phytochemical screening provide valuable information regarding the quality and secondary metabolite profiles of Moringa leaf crude drugs and extracts, which can serve as a basis for the standardization of raw materials. Abstrak. Daun kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang kaya akan metabolit sekunder. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan mutu simplisia dengan karakterisasi dan mengidentifikasi golongan senyawa metabolit sekunder pada simplisia dan ekstrak dengan skrining fitokimia. Karakterisasi simplisia meliputi kadar abu total, kadar abu tidak larut asam, kadar sari larut air, kadar sari larut etanol, kadar air, dan susut pengeringan. Skrining fitokimia dilakukan terhadap simplisia dan ekstrak untuk mengidentifikasi golongan senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, fenol, tanin, dan saponin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh parameter memenuhi persyaratan standar mutu yang mengacu pada Farmakope Herbal Indonesia. Hasil skrining fitokimia pada simplisia menunjukkan adanya golongan senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, fenol, tanin, dan saponin, sedangkan pada ekstrak teridentifikasi golongan senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, fenol, dan tanin. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proses karakterisasi dan skrining fitokimia mampu memberikan informasi mengenai mutu serta profil metabolit sekunder simplisia dan ekstrak daun kelor yang dapat digunakan sebagai dasar standardisasi bahan baku.

Karakterisasi dan Penapisan Fitokimia terhadap Simplisia serta Pemantauan Ekstrak Daun Kenikir Audia Putri Anjani; Yani Lukmayani; Dadang Juanda
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 933 - 940
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.26126

Abstract. Cosmos caudatus Kunth. leaves are rich in secondary metabolites and have the potential to be developed as raw materials for traditional herbal medicine. This study aimed to characterize the simplicia, perform phytochemical screening, extract the bioactive compounds, and monitor the extract of Cosmos caudatus leaves. Simplicia characterization was conducted based on specific and non-specific parameters according to the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia, Second Edition (2017). Phytochemical screening was performed qualitatively, extraction was carried out by maceration using 96% ethanol, and extract monitoring was conducted using Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC). The characterization results showed moisture content of 7.00%, loss on drying of 8.83%, total ash of 5.36%, acid-insoluble ash of 0.31%, water-soluble extractive value of 30.26%, and ethanol-soluble extractive value of 24.29%, all complying with pharmacopoeial requirements. Phytochemical screening revealed flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, saponins, quinones, monoterpenes/sesquiterpenes, and steroids/triterpenoids. Extraction of 200 g of simplicia yielded 13.8971 g of concentrated extract with a yield of 6.95%. TLC analysis confirmed the presence of flavonoid and phenolic compounds through positive reactions with aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) and ferric chloride (FeCl₃). These findings indicate that C. caudatus leaf simplicia meets quality standards, contains diverse secondary metabolites, and is suitable for further pharmacological and phytochemical investigations. Abstrak. Daun kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) merupakan tanaman yang kaya metabolit sekunder dan berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai bahan baku obat tradisional. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan karakterisasi simplisia, penapisan fitokimia, ekstraksi, dan pemantauan ekstrak daun kenikir. Karakterisasi simplisia dilakukan berdasarkan parameter spesifik dan nonspesifik sesuai Farmakope Herbal Indonesia (FHI) Edisi II Tahun 2017. Penapisan fitokimia dilakukan secara kualitatif, ekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%, sedangkan pemantauan ekstrak dilakukan menggunakan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT). Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan kadar air 7,00%, susut pengeringan 8,83%, kadar abu total 5,36%, kadar abu tidak larut asam 0,31%, kadar sari larut air 30,26%, dan kadar sari larut etanol 24,29%, yang seluruhnya memenuhi persyaratan FHI. Penapisan fitokimia menunjukkan adanya flavonoid, polifenolat, tanin, saponin, kuinon, monoterpene/seskuiterpen dan steroid/triterpenoid. Ekstraksi 200 g simplisia menghasilkan 13,8971 g ekstrak kental dengan rendemen 6,95%. Pemantauan KLT menggunakan fase diam silika gel GF254 menunjukkan adanya senyawa flavonoid dan fenolik berdasarkan respons positif terhadap pereaksi AlCl₃ dan FeCl₃. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa simplisia daun kenikir memenuhi standar mutu, mengandung berbagai metabolit sekunder, dan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96% efektif menghasilkan ekstrak yang sesuai untuk penelitian lebih lanjut.

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