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Susdarwono, Endro Tri
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Ekonomi Industri Pertahanan: Konsep Dual-Use Technologies (Spin On & Spin Off) Sebagai Upaya Percepatan Kemandirian Industri Pertahanan Indonesia Susdarwono, Endro Tri
Economic and Education Journal (Ecoducation) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2021): Economic and Education Journal (Ecoducation)
Publisher : Pendidikan Ekonomi, Universitas Insan Budi Utomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Tujuan penelitian ini membahas mengenai konsep dual-use technologies (spin on dan spin off) dalam upaya percepatan kemandirian ekonomi industri pertahanan Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif, tipe penelitiannya menggunakan kajian komprehensif analitis dan pendekatannya normatif analitis. Pengembangan teknologi pertahanan selain bertujuan untuk kemandirian produksi yang dapat bersaing dengan produk negara lain, juga harus memberikan multiplier effect. Strateginya sudah jelas: mengoptimalkan nilai tambah dari industri pertahanan. Untuk itu, langkah awal yang harus dilakukan adalah mendorong substitusi impor untuk industry pertahanan dan, setelah industry berkembang, langkah akhirnya adalah mengupayakan komersialisasi atau spin off dari efek lanjutan (spillover effect) atau efek pengganda (multiplier effect) industry pertahanan berupa produk yang bisa digunakan untuk kepentingan sipil. Pertahanan memberikan keuntungan secara langsung dari teknologi dan pengaruhnya terhadap sektor - sektor lain, dimana spin-off-nya digunakan oleh sektor sipil yang dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan. Di negara-negara berkembang, pengeluaran pertahanan dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan jika beberapa bagian pengeluaran digunakan untuk penyediaan infrastruktur sosial. Pengeluaran pertahanan menyediakan perlindungan bagi warga negara, dimana keamanan internal dan eksternal akan meningkatkan pertukaran dalam pasar.
Frequency of Religious Tourist Visits Based on Education Level and Occupation (Case Study at the Tomb of Sheikh Maulana Syamsuddin, Pemalang) Susdarwono, Endro Tri
Indonesian Tourism Journal Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): August, 2025
Publisher : CV. Austronesia Akademika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69812/itj.v2i2.132

Abstract

Religious tourism has long played an important role in both spiritual life and local economic development, offering benefits for communities and visitors alike. In Indonesia, one of the prominent religious tourism sites is the tomb of Sheikh Maulana Syamsuddin in Pemalang, which attracts pilgrims from various educational and occupational backgrounds. This study aims to examine the frequency of religious tourist visits to this site based on education level and occupation. Using a quantitative descriptive approach, data were collected from 200 respondents over a four-month period (April–July) through random sampling. Questionnaires served as the primary research instrument, and data were analyzed using the contingency correlation method to determine the relationship between visit frequency and socio-demographic variables. The findings reveal a correlation between education level and the frequency of visits, with tourists holding junior and senior high school education levels dominating the “very frequent” category, while those with bachelor’s degrees were most often in the “very rare” category. Similarly, visit frequency was correlated with occupation, where entrepreneurs and private employees reported higher frequencies, while retirees and civil servants tended to visit less often. The calculated correlation coefficients were 35.23% for education level and 34.64% for occupation, indicating a weak but notable relationship between these variables and visitation patterns. These results highlight that socio-demographic factors influence participation in religious tourism, suggesting that strategies to promote sustainable religious tourism development should consider the educational and occupational characteristics of potential visitors.
Direct Regional Head Elections and Excessive Corruption Loopholes Susdarwono, Endro Tri; Surahmadi, Surahmadi
Journal Governance Bureaucratic Review Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): April, 2025
Publisher : Center for Maritime Policy Governance Studies (CMPGS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31629/jgbr.v2i1.7430

Abstract

Corruption remains one of the most pressing challenges undermining democracy, governance, and public trust in Indonesia, particularly following the implementation of decentralization and regional autonomy. While regional autonomy was intended to bring prosperity and equal development, in practice it has often facilitated the spread of corrupt practices from central government to regional administrations. The issue has become more acute with the implementation of direct regional head elections (pilkada), which, though designed to strengthen democratic participation, have created significant financial and political pressures on candidates, often resulting in the misuse of state budgets and the normalization of money politics. This study aims to examine the relationship between direct regional elections and the proliferation of corruption loopholes, highlighting how electoral mechanisms inadvertently encourage corrupt behavior. The research employs a descriptive explorative method, relying on secondary data from scholarly works, official documents, and prior research, and analyzing them through qualitative descriptive analysis to uncover patterns and systemic weaknesses. The findings indicate that direct elections, while enhancing political legitimacy, also generate high financial demands that compel candidates to seek external funding, leading to post-election corruption through budget manipulation, project markups, politicization of social assistance, and collusion between bureaucrats, legislatures, and political investors. Moreover, the system often fails to ensure accountability, as legislative oversight is weak and public mechanisms for monitoring leaders remain limited. The study concludes that although direct elections provide opportunities for citizen participation, they also institutionalize structural vulnerabilities that sustain corruption. This paradox underscores the need for reforms in electoral financing, stricter accountability mechanisms, and stronger institutional checks and balances to prevent democracy from becoming a breeding ground for corruption.
Political Economy of The Procurement of The Changbogo Submarine Alutsista in The Framework of Towards An Independent Process For The Indonesian Defense Industry susdarwono, endro tri
Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Terapan Vol. 4 No. 2 (2019)
Publisher : Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (890.981 KB) | DOI: 10.20473/jiet.v4i2.15316

Abstract

The issue of technology transfer becomes an important note in purchasing independence. In order to achieve independence in the domestic defense industry, the purchase of a defense equipment product must be accompanied by a process of technology transfer through an offset mechanism or the level of achievement of technology transfer from foreign producers into the country. The defense industry policy has a direction towards independence, which is expected in the development of the defense industry stage IV in the period 2025 - 2029. The following line of thought is how the defense industry policies and strategies are developed in the framework of independence. In developing the defense industry's policy formulation and strategy, current conditions, success factors, priority scale and future projections are considered. Through long negotiations, Indonesia finally in December 2011 officially signed a procurement contract for 3 units of Changbogo Class (aka - Nagapasa Class) worth US $ 1.1 billion. The first submarine, KRI Nagapasa 403, was received by the Indonesian Navy in August 2017, and the second ship, KRI Ardadedali 404, was also received by the Indonesian Navy in May 2018. While the third ship, KRI Alugoro 405, is currently under construction at the PT PAL shipyard. The purchase of Changbogo submarines from South Korea is accompanied by a transfer of technology which is hoped that Indonesia will be able to produce submarines on its own in the framework of independence for the defense industry. The government enacted Law Number 16 of 2012 concerning the Defense Industry, which gives obligations to the state for the use of the budget in the weapons and defense sector. The most basic is in article 43 of Law Number 16/2012, including the transfer of technology. Keywords: Changbogo Submarine, Defense Equipment, Defense Industry, Political Economy JEL: F50; P16
Co-Authors Aminullah , Faujan ANANDA SETIAWAN Anis, Aswhar Husna, Yonimah Nurul S. Thoriqul Huda Surahmadi, Surahmadi Susdarwanto, Eko Wiranta, Alma