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Pectin Red Dragon Fruit Peel Pectin-Based Microspheres for Oral Quercetin Delivery: Characterization, Stability Study, Digestion Resistance, and Cytotoxicity Against HeLa Cells Kurniawan, Muhammad Fariez; Setyawan, Dwi; Hariyadi, Dewi Melani
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 4 (2025): October
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2025.10.4.1049-1073

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the potential of red dragon fruit skin pectin to be used as a polymer compared with commercial pectin in the quercetin microsphere. Microspheres were made using the ionic gelation technique. Ten formulas were created, utilizing pectin from red dragon skin extracted with oxalic acid (OA75), citric acid (CA75), acetic acid (AA75), and commercial pectin at 1% and 1.5% concentrations. A gel permeation chromatography test (GPC) was performed to evaluate pectin’s molecule weight. Parameters were assessed, including yield, moisture content (MC), Carr’s Index, Hausner ratio, swelling index, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), drug loading (DL), encapsulation efficiency (EE), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), in vitro drug release, accelerated stability test at a temperature of 40±2oC and RH 75±5% for 3 months and thermal stability test in the form of DSC and XRD at the same temperature and humidity for 9 months, digestion resistance with incubation in artificial stomach and intestinal solution for 4 hours continued with cytotoxicity test on HeLa cells with MTT Assays. Results of FTIR indicate a strong interaction between quercetin and pectin in forming a stable microsphere structure; SEM showed the spheres morphologically. The kinetics of quercetin release from microspheres was the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. DL and EE had no significant differences for 3 months and no significant changes in the glass transition in the DSC test during testing until month 9. The FF formulation (1.5% AA75) had the highest cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells and a high Selectivity Index.
Analysis of Hydrolyzed Collagen in Facial Serum for Halal Authentication Using FTIR Spectroscopy and Multivariate Calibration Salamah, Nina; Firdaus, Rizqi Amalia; Guntarti, Any; Ahda, Mustofa; Uddin, Abm Helal; Kurniawan, Muhammad Fariez
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 4 (2025): October
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2025.10.4.1270-1279

Abstract

Cosmetic trends in Indonesia are on the rise, particularly for facial serum products. However, most of these products lack halal certification, posing an important concern for Muslim consumers due to the potential use of haram substances, such as pork gelatin. This study seeks to identify the source of gelatin in serum products using the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and chemometric analysis. The samples used in this study include a reference facial serum formulated with pure bovine and porcine gelatin concentrations in the ratios of 1:0, 8:2, 5:5, 2:8, and 0:1, three hydrolyzed collagen serums that are not yet labeled halal and available on Shopee, and one serum that is labeled halal. The method used was FTIR combined with PLS chemometrics and PCA. The isolation of facial serum gelatin was performed using acetone at -20oC, followed by analysis via FTIR at wave numbers ranging from 4000 to 400 cm-1. FTIR results indicated the presence of functional groups in gelatin constituents, including C O, N H, C N, and C H aliphatic. The wavelengths employed for PLS and PCA analysis ranged from 1631 to 1430 cm-1. Calibration results showed R2=0.9936 and RMSEC=3.0445%. Internal validation yielded RMSECV=0.1674% and R2=0.9994 whilst external validation yielded RMSEP=0.9981% and R2=0.9910. Lastly, PCA analysis revealed that one halal-labeled serum sample contained bovine gelatin, whereas the three examined commercial serums were free from both pork and bovine gelatin.
UJI IRITASI SERTA EVALUASI SIFAT FISIK EMULGEL MINYAK ATSIRI BUNGA CENGKEH DENGAN METODE SIMPLEX LATTICE DESIGN Kurniawan, Muhammad Fariez; Sugihartini, Nining; Yuwono, Tedjo
Farmasains : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kefarmasian Vol. 5 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22236/farmasains.v5i1.1111

Abstract

Salah satu bahan alam yang sudah terbukti mampu mengatasi inflamasi adalah minyak atsiri bunga cengkeh (MABC). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi sifat fisik dan uji iritasi sediaan emulgel MABC dengan penambahan enhancer berupa kombinasi asam oleat dan propilen glikol untuk meningkatkan kemampuan penetrasi MABC 10% MABC dengan ditambahkan enhancer 10% kombinasi propilen glikol dan asam oleat dengam metode Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) untuk mengetahui formula yang akan memiliki parameter uji fisik dan uji iritasi terbaik. Parameter uji fisik yang dilakukan adalah uji viskositas, pH, daya sebar, dan daya lekat emulgel sedangkan uji iritasi dilakukan dengan hewan uji kelinci putih jantan. Data yang diperoleh dihitung dengan metode Simplex Lattice Design. Emulgel MABC dengan penambahan enhancer kombinasi propilen glikol dan asam oleat yang dihasilkan mempunyai sifat fisik yang baik dan tidak mengiritasi kulit hewan uji. Komposisi optimum campuran enhancer sesuai metode SLD adalah 100% propilen glikol.
Optimization of Antibacterial Efficacy of Eucalyptus and Lemon Essential Oils in Hand Sanitizer with Simplex Lattice Design Kurniawan, Muhammad Fariez; Salsabila, Revitha Nova
PHARMACY: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia (Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia) Jurnal Pharmacy, Vol. 22 No. 01 Juli 2025
Publisher : Pharmacy Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30595/pharmacy.v22i1.21339

Abstract

Hand sanitizer spray is a spray kind of hand sanitizer that contains active antibacterial chemicals to eliminate germs on hands. Eucalyptus globulus essential oil contains antimicrobial properties, specifically Eucalyptol (50-65%). Citrus limon essential oil exhibits antibacterial properties due to its primary component, limonene (59.7%), which damages bacterial cell walls and inhibits bacterial enzyme activity. This study aimed to assess the impact of a hand sanitizer spray containing a combination of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil and Citrus limon essential oil on the physical properties of the product, evaluate its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, and identify the most effective formula using the Simplex Lattice Design method. The study employed the Simplex Lattice Design approach to compare the effects of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil and Citrus limon essential oil in hand sanitizer spray formulations with ratios of 100% : 0%, 0%: 100%, and 50%: 50%. Every formula underwent physical pH, homogeneity, and viscosity tests. Antibacterial testing was conducted on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli microorganisms—a method for testing antibacterial activity by paper disc diffusion. The ideal formula was determined by Simplex Lattice Design calculations, resulting in a blend of 70% Eucalyptus globulus essential oil and 30% Citrus limon essential oil. The hand sanitizer spray preparations were tested for antibacterial properties on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli bacteria. The average inhibition zones were 17.33 ± 0.67 mm, 13.33 ± 0.57 mm, and 21.2 ± 4.75 mm, respectively. The preparation exhibits pseudoplastic flow behavior and has a pH of 5.5.