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Journal : JURNAL FARMASIMED (JFM)

Antibiotic Use in Digestive Surgery Patients with the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical-Defined Daily Dose Method Saragi, Sahat; Martirini, Agnes Stefania
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Vol 8 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Farmasimed (JFM)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/0fpekm65

Abstract

Background: The use of antibiotics serves as therapy for various types of infections caused by pathogens or for other preventive measures, such as major surgeries. Evaluating antibiotic use is necessary to ensure effectiveness, accuracy, and safety in rational usage. Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of antibiotics at dr. T.C. Hillers Maumere General Hospital in 2019 among inpatients undergoing digestive surgery. Method: This research is a descriptive, non-experimental study with a cross-sectional design. A quantitative and qualitative approach was used, employing the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical/Defined Daily Dose (ATC/DDD) method and the Gyssens flowchart based on retrospective data. The study involved reviewing medical records from January to December 2019. A total of 338 data samples were collected, including 9 types of oral antibiotics and 8 types of parenteral antibiotics according to the ATC classification. Results: The results showed that among oral antibiotics, Cefadroxil 500 mg had the highest DDD value at 9.51 DDD/100, while among parenteral antibiotics, Cefotaxime 1 g injection had the highest DDD value at 10.74 DDD/100. Conclution: The evaluation using the Gyssens flowchart indicated that 68.34% of antibiotic use was appropriate, while 31.66% was inappropriate. In conclusion, the use of antibiotics for digestive surgery inpatients was generally appropriate, but further evaluation is needed regarding antibiotic use that does not comply with clinical guidelines.
Drug Interactions in Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension Patients at RSUD dr. Zainoel Abidin, Banda Aceh Saragi, Sahat; Fitriana, Ruhul
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Vol 8 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Farmasimed (JFM)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/34ygtz72

Abstract

DM(DM) is one of the diseases with a high prevalence. Indonesia ranks fifth in the world, contributing 90–95% of all diabetes cases through type 2 DM. This study aimed to identify the characteristics (age, gender, education, occupation), number of medications used, potential drug interactions, severity level of drug interactions, and the association between the number of medications and the potential for drug interactions. This was an observational study with a descriptive quantitative design and retrospective data collection. The sample consisted of 349 patients who met the inclusion criteria: patients with type 2 DM and hypertension, aged ≥18 years, receiving outpatient care at Dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital in 2021, and using at least one type 2 DM drug and one antihypertensive drug. The results showed that most patients were aged 56–65 years (36%), male (53.6%), had senior high school education or equivalent (46.4%), and worked as civil servants (25.8%). A total of 56.2% of patients used ≥5 medications. The most commonly used antidiabetic drug was insulin (66.44%), the most common antihypertensive was ARB (37.95%), cardiovascular prevention was dominated by statins (87.24%), and the most frequently used non-antidiabetic and non-antihypertensive drug was PPI (25.19%). A total of 92.8% of patients experienced potential drug interactions, with 1,250 total interactions. The majority were of moderate severity (85.8%) with a pharmacodynamic mechanism (78.8%). The most frequent potential interaction occurred between amlodipine and atorvastatin (3.68%). Chi-square test results showed a statistically significant relationship between the number of medications used and the potential risk of drug interactions.