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The Effect of Acidic pH on Growth Kinetics, Biomass Productivity, and Prima-ry Metabolite Contents of Euglena sp. Nurafifah, Istini; Hardianto, Muhammad Andhi; Erfianti, Tia; Amelia, Ria; Maghfiroh, Khusnul Qonita; Kurnianto, Dedy; Siswanti, Dwi Umi; Sadewo, Brilian Ryan; Putri, Renata Adaranyssa Egistha; Suyono, Eko Agus
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 27, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Euglena is a microalga with the potential to be an environmentally friendly renewable energy resource. The pH value is a crucial factor in micro-algal cultivation. Changes in pH affect the growth and development of microalgae, including the production of biomass and primary metabolites, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. In this study, Euglena sp. was grown on Cramer-Myers medium and subjected to various acidic conditions. This study aimed to determine the effect of pH on the growth kinetics, biomass, carbohydrate, lipid, and protein contents of Euglena sp. The Euglena sp. culture was optimized at various pH values of 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5. The results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance at a 95% confidence level, followed by Duncan’s multiple range test. As results, Euglena sp. had the best growth rate, the greatest biomass, and the highest carbohydrate, protein, and lipid contents at pH 3.5 compared to the other pH conditions. The average biomass in the pH 3.5 treatment was 1.600 ± 0.229 g/L, and the carbohydrate, protein, and lipid contents were 5.983 ± 0.056 g/L, 0.196 ± 0.023 µg/mL, and 0.300 ± 0.020 g/L, respectively.

The Effect of Various Photoperiodic Conditions and Zn2+ Concentrations on Growth Rate and Metabolite Content in Euglena sp: Effect of Photoperiod and Zn2+ on Euglena sp. Eko Agus Suyono; Budiman, Arief; Siti Ferniah, Rejeki; Astiti, Adam; Mardyansah, Deviko; Natalia, Fitri; Cindiati, Maya; Qonita Maghfiroh, Khusnul; Erfianti, Tia; Nurafifah, Istini; Amelia, Ria; Kurnianto, Dedy; Ryan Sadewo, Brilian; Maggandari, Revata
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 14 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.14.02.04

The application of Euglena as a carbon capture organism has generated considerable interest among scientists. Through the photosynthesis process, many kinds of metabolites are produced by Euglena, such as lipids, proteins, and pigments. Due to the metabolites produced by Euglena, it is vital to optimize the carbon capture ability and cell growth rate by adding Zn2+ content and giving photoperiodic into Euglena culture. The purpose of this study is to identify the optimal photoperiod and Zn2+ concentration to increase the growth rate, biomass, and metabolite content of Euglena sp. This study is a laboratory experiment involving the cultivation of Euglena sp. in various photoperiod cycles (light:dark), namely 24:0, 12:12, 14:10, and 16:8. In addition, Euglena sp. was also cultivated using different concentrations of Zn2+ (0 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, and 15 ppm). The growth of Euglena sp. was monitored for 18 days before being harvested every three days to measure the research parameters, including primary and secondary metabolites. The results showed that the photoperiod treatment and various concentrations of Zn2+ had a significant impact (P<0.05) on the growth rate, biomass, lipid, carbohydrate, protein, chlorophyll, and carotenoid levels of Euglena sp.

Effects of Copper on Euglena sp. Local Strains and Remediation Capabilities Ardipeni, Witia; Suyono, Eko Agus; Dewayanto, Nugroho; Mufida, Na’imatul; Erfianti, Tia; Amelia, Ria; Kurnianto, Dedy
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 32 No. 2 (2025): March 2025
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.32.2.387-394

One of the well-known industries in Yogyakarta is the Kotagede silver craft, which produces heavy metal waste, one of which is copper. The copper content in the liquid waste of electroplating Kotagede silver crafts is 4.628 mg/L. At the same time, Indonesian Government Regulation No. 22 (2021) stipulates a critical limit of Copper (Cu) content in river and lake water, which is 0.2 mg/L. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effects of copper on local strains of Euglena sp. (growth, photosynthetic pigment production, and superoxide dismutase enzyme) as well as the effectiveness of Euglena sp. in copper remediation. The study was conducted by adding a copper solution obtained from CuSO4•5H2O to the culture medium of Euglena sp. The parameters observed in the study were growth (number of cells and biomass), photosynthetic pigment content (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid total), Superoxide dismutase enzyme of Euglena sp. as well as the effectiveness of Euglena sp. in copper remediation. The results showed that copper inhibited the growth of Euglena sp. The highest growth was the control treatment (without adding copper to the culture medium). Likewise, the content of photosynthetic pigments and the culture of Euglena sp. exposed to copper were lower when compared to the control culture. The activity of the SOD enzyme is increased in cultures exposed to copper. The result of the research is Cu metal absorption efficiency by Euglena sp. by 21.93%, 10.93%, and 9.47% for a Cu concentration of 10 ppm, 15 ppm, and 20 ppm.

The effect of lignosulfonate chemical stimulator to the metabolites of Euglena sp. Luthfiana, Dwi Hardianti; Karilanata, Khalid Erlangga; Maghfiroh, Khusnul Qonita; Kurnianto, Dedy; Amelia, Ria; Erfianti, Tia; Larasati, Ersi; Putri, Renata Adaranyssa Egistha; Suyono, Eko Agus
Depik Jurnal Ilmu Ilmu Perairan, Pesisir, dan Perikanan Vol 14, No 2 (2025): JUNE 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13170/depik.14.2.30804

Euglena sp. contains several metabolites that play a role in various sectors, likely biofuels, food, feed, and pharmaceuticals. Multiple treatments are required to increase the content of Euglena sp.to support its use. In this study, a chemical stimulant in the form of lignosulfonate was added to Euglena sp. in order to increase its natural potency as measured by lipid, carbohydrate, protein, paramylon content, and biomass productivity. Lignosulfonate is a macromolecular polyelectrolyte and anionic surfactant that is unique and multifunctional. This lignosulfonate can act as an emulsifier, dispersing agent, binder, and stabilizer of lipids in Euglena sp. cells. In addition to the lignosulfonate chemical stimulator, it can affect the growth process of Euglena sp. so that it can produce good-quality cells. The method used was a Completely Randomized Factorial Design (CRD) with three treatments and three replications. The results obtained indicated that the addition of lignosulfonate was significantly changed the cell and protein density tests. Therefore, the optimal concentration of lignosulfonate can be used as an agent to increase the growth rate and metabolites of Euglena sp. significantly.Keywords:BiofuelEuglena sp.Growth rateslignosulfonateMetabolites

The effect of lignosulfonate chemical stimulator to the metabolites of Euglena sp. Luthfiana, Dwi Hardianti; Karilanata, Khalid Erlangga; Maghfiroh, Khusnul Qonita; Kurnianto, Dedy; Amelia, Ria; Erfianti, Tia; Larasati, Ersi; Putri, Renata Adaranyssa Egistha; Suyono, Eko Agus
Depik Jurnal Ilmu Ilmu Perairan, Pesisir, dan Perikanan Vol 14, No 2 (2025): JUNE 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13170/depik.14.2.30804

Euglena sp. contains several metabolites that play a role in various sectors, likely biofuels, food, feed, and pharmaceuticals. Multiple treatments are required to increase the content of Euglena sp.to support its use. In this study, a chemical stimulant in the form of lignosulfonate was added to Euglena sp. in order to increase its natural potency as measured by lipid, carbohydrate, protein, paramylon content, and biomass productivity. Lignosulfonate is a macromolecular polyelectrolyte and anionic surfactant that is unique and multifunctional. This lignosulfonate can act as an emulsifier, dispersing agent, binder, and stabilizer of lipids in Euglena sp. cells. In addition to the lignosulfonate chemical stimulator, it can affect the growth process of Euglena sp. so that it can produce good-quality cells. The method used was a Completely Randomized Factorial Design (CRD) with three treatments and three replications. The results obtained indicated that the addition of lignosulfonate was significantly changed the cell and protein density tests. Therefore, the optimal concentration of lignosulfonate can be used as an agent to increase the growth rate and metabolites of Euglena sp. significantly.Keywords:BiofuelEuglena sp.Growth rateslignosulfonateMetabolites

The Effect of Various Photoperiodic Conditions and Zn2+ Concentrations on Growth Rate and Metabolite Content in Euglena sp: Effect of Photoperiod and Zn2+ on Euglena sp. Eko Agus Suyono; Budiman, Arief; Siti Ferniah, Rejeki; Astiti, Adam; Mardyansah, Deviko; Natalia, Fitri; Cindiati, Maya; Qonita Maghfiroh, Khusnul; Erfianti, Tia; Nurafifah, Istini; Amelia, Ria; Kurnianto, Dedy; Ryan Sadewo, Brilian; Maggandari, Revata
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 14 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.14.02.04

The application of Euglena as a carbon capture organism has generated considerable interest among scientists. Through the photosynthesis process, many kinds of metabolites are produced by Euglena, such as lipids, proteins, and pigments. Due to the metabolites produced by Euglena, it is vital to optimize the carbon capture ability and cell growth rate by adding Zn2+ content and giving photoperiodic into Euglena culture. The purpose of this study is to identify the optimal photoperiod and Zn2+ concentration to increase the growth rate, biomass, and metabolite content of Euglena sp. This study is a laboratory experiment involving the cultivation of Euglena sp. in various photoperiod cycles (light:dark), namely 24:0, 12:12, 14:10, and 16:8. In addition, Euglena sp. was also cultivated using different concentrations of Zn2+ (0 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, and 15 ppm). The growth of Euglena sp. was monitored for 18 days before being harvested every three days to measure the research parameters, including primary and secondary metabolites. The results showed that the photoperiod treatment and various concentrations of Zn2+ had a significant impact (P<0.05) on the growth rate, biomass, lipid, carbohydrate, protein, chlorophyll, and carotenoid levels of Euglena sp.

Effect of Red and Blue Light on Lipid, Protein, Carbohydrate, and Pigment Contents of Navicula sp. Maulana, Sofyan; Nurul Hida, Aulia Setyo; Wulandari, Ismia; Mudrikah, Siti; Kurnianto, Dedy; Maghfiroh, Khusnul Qonita; Amelia, Ria; Erfianti, Tia; Putri, Renata Adaranyssa Egistha; Devi Anggraini, Irika; Marno, Septhian; Suyono, Eko Agus Agus
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Light quality critically modulates the physiology of diatoms, influencing photosynthetic efficiency and metabolite synthesis. This study examines how monochromatic red (620–750 nm) or blue (450–495 nm) light affects the biochemical profiles and pigment production in Navicula sp. versus white light (control). Cultures were grown in sterile f/2 medium, and biomass was tracked via OD680. Biochemical analyses included lipids (Bligh and Dyer method), carbohydrates (phenol-sulfuric acid assay), proteins (Bradford assay), and pigments (spectrophotometric quantification). The growth dynamics were modeled using logistic and Gompertz equations. No significant differences in OD-based growth rates, carbohydrates, proteins, or lipids content were observed with red or blue light compared with the control. However, blue light elevated chlorophyll a levels 4-fold and maximized protein productivity 3-fold, whereas red light enhanced carotenoid content by 20.5-fold. The growth kinetics modeling that best matched the experimental data was the Gompertz modeling (R² > 0.649). These results demonstrate the wavelength-specific regulation of pigment and protein yields, suggesting that tailored light regimes can selectively optimize high-value metabolites in Navicula sp. This approach holds promise for biotechnology sectors prioritizing targeted compound production, such as nutraceuticals or biofuels, by leveraging spectral tuning to enhance metabolic efficiency and predicting particular growth phases using growth kinetics.

Harvesting Optimization, Biomass, and Lipid Content Analysis of Euglena sp. Culture with Ettlia texensis Bioflocculant and Commercial Chitosan Agus Suyono, Eko; Mudrikah, Siti; Karilanata, Khalid Erlangga; Kurnianto, Dedy; Budiman, Arief; Dewayanto , Nugroho; Putri, Renata Adaranyssa Egistha; Sadewo , Brilian Ryan; Erfianti, Tia
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan Vol. 17 No. 2 (2025): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN
Publisher : Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jipk.v17i2.57417

Graphical Abstract Highlight Research Bioflocculation technique can improve the harvesting effectiveness of semimass culture of Euglena sp. The addition of E. texensis can significantly increase the flocculation efficiency of Euglena sp. The addition of commercial chitosan was able to increase the flocculation efficiency of Euglena sp. The biomass and lipid content produced by Euglena sp. with E. texensis flocculant agent showed higher results than the biomass and lipid content produced by Euglena sp. with commercial chitosan flocculant agent. Abstract Euglena sp. has a high potential to be developed as biofuel. However, the high cost and energy required for the harvesting process are hindering the production. Flocculation using natural substances, such as microorganisms and biopolymers, offers a promising solution to minimize energy and production costs, so it is applicable on a mass scale. Ettlia texensis is one of the autoflocculating microalgae that can excrete extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Chitosan is a linear copolymer of D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine produced by the deacetylation of chitin, which is usually exploited by marine crustaceans, shrimp, and crabs. Chitosan has a very high cation load, so it is often used for coagulation or flocculation. This study explores the potential of E. texensis and chitosan as flocculant agents to harvest the mass culture of Euglena sp. by giving different doses E. texensis with 1:0.25 (E3), 1:0.5 (E4), 1:1 (E5), and 1:2 (E6), and chitosan with 1.25 mg (C1), 2.5 mg (C2), 3.75 mg (C3), and 5 mg (C4). This research began with the cultivation of Euglena sp. and E. texensis on a 50 L scale for 12 days. The effectiveness of flocculation was measured by the spectrophotometric method. Based on this research, the best treatment for harvesting Euglena sp. culture by bioflocculation was shown by the addition of chitosan (5 mg) with the recovery of 84.83%, 0.2213 mg/mL biomass, and 0.2117 mg/mL lipid content. Meanwhile, with E. texensis, the best was shown by the ratio of 1:2 with recovery 84.71%, 0.2053 mg/mL biomass, and 0.1753 mg/mL

Silica's Medium in Various Concentration Effect on Navicula sp. Metabolism Karillanata, Khalid Erlangga; Luthfiana, Dwi Hardianti; Maghfiroh, Khusnul Qonita; Kurnianto, Dedy; Amelia, Ria; Erfianti, Tia; Suyono, Eko Agus
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol. 18 No. 1 (2025): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v1i1.31078

Abstract Navicula sp., an aquatic microalgae species, are numerous and diverse, with high metabolites so they hold great potential in biotechnology. Although it has many advantages, it is often not used in industry. In silica medium, Navicula sp. produces various metabolites depending on their concentration. This research aims to discover how adding silica to the medium affects the growth and production of Navicula sp. metabolites so that cultivation can be carried out at low cost and with maximum results. For 21 days, this experiment was carried out with three concentrations of silica (1; 1.5; and 2 mL/L) and one control (0 mL/L) grown each in a 500 mL culture of Navicula sp. Repetition was done thrice for each measurement parameter; growth speed, biomass production, lipids, carbohydrates, and protein. Medium silica 1.5 mL/L was the optimal concentration for growth speed, biomass production, and carbohydrate production for Navicula sp. (0.083; 0.54; and 0.075 mg/day, respectively). Meanwhile, the optimal silica concentration for lipid and protein production for Navicula sp. were 1 mL/L medium and control medium (0.517 and 0.8 × 10-2 mg/day, respectively). Overall, this research can be used to grow Navicula sp. in producing specific metabolites optimally. AbstrakNavicula sp., spesies mikroalga akuatik, sangat banyak dan beragam dengan metabolit yang tinggi, sehingga memiliki potensi yang besar dalam bioteknologi. Meskipun memiliki banyak keunggulan, spesies ini seringkali tidak digunakan dalam industri. Dalam medium silika, Navicula sp. menghasilkan berbagai metabolit tergantung pada konsentrasinya. Tujuan dari penelitan ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana penambahan silika dalam medium memengaruhi pertumbuhan dan produksi metabolit Navicula sp., sehingga kultivasi dapat dilakukan dengan biaya yang rendah dan hasil yang maksimal. Selama 21 hari, eksperimen ini dilakukan dengan tiga konsentrasi silika (1; 1,5; dan 2 mL/L) dan satu kontrol (0 mL/L) yang ditumbuhkan di dalam 500 mL kultur Navicula sp. Pengulangan dilakukan tiga kali untuk setiap parameter pengukuran, yaitu kecepatan pertumbuhan, produksi biomassa, lipid, karbohidrat, dan protein. Medium silika 1,5 mL/L merupakan konsentrasi yang optimal untuk kecepatan pertumbuhan, produksi biomassa, dan produksi karbohidrat bagi Navicula sp. (0.083; 0.54; dan 0.075 mg/hari, secara berurutan). Sementara itu, konsentrasi silika yang optimal untuk produksi lipid dan protein bagi Navicula sp., secara berurutan, adalah medium 1 mL/L dan medium kontrol (0.517 dan 0.8 × 10-2 mg/hari). Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai solusi untuk menumbuhkan Navicula sp. dalam memproduksi metabolit tertentu secara optimal.

Effect of Light Intensity on Growth and Primary Metabolites Content of Navicula sp. Mudrikah, Siti; Putri, Renata Adaranyssa Egistha; Kurnianto, Dedy; Rasdi, Abdurrahman Muhammad Fikri; Tia, Erfianti; Suyono, Eko Agus
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 16 No. 3 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v16i3.13899

Global energy demand is steadily rising, necessitating the exploration of sustainable alternatives. Microalgae, such as Navicula sp., offer a promising solution. This study investigated the impact of light intensity on the growth, and biochemical composition (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and carotenoids) of Navicula sp. Cultures were grown in f/2 medium under four light intensity treatments: 2100 lux (control), 3500 lux, 4500 lux, and 5500 lux. Cell growth was measured through optical density analysis. Carbohydrate, lipid, protein, and carotenoid assays were performed using phenol-sulfuric acid, Bligh and Dyer, Bradford, and spectrophotometric methods. Maximum growth was observed on the eighth day of cultivation at 4500 lux light intensity. The best specific growth rate was achieved at 5500 lux. The highest biomass, carbohydrate, lipid, and protein productivity were attained at 5500 lux (24.65 mg/mL, 0.374 mg/mL/day, 0.399±0.204 mg/mL/day, and 0.025±0.018 mg/mL/day). Conversely, the highest carotenoid productivity was recorded at 2100 lux, 0.278±0.085 mg/mL/day. By those means, the increase in light intensity was positively correlated with microalgal cell growth, biomass, carbohydrate content, and carbohydrate, lipid, and protein productivity. However, a negative correlation was found with carotenoid pigment productivity. From this research, it is evident that a light intensity of 5500 lux offers a feasible option for the industrial-scale cultivation of Navicula sp. microalgae for biomass, carbohydrate, and protein production, while 2100 lux is more suitable for carotenoid production. This research compares the findings to previous studies, emphasizing the unique way Navicula sp. responds to different light levels.

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