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All Journal KEMBARA SASTRANESIA: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia Cakrawala Indonesia Jurnal Teknodik Tarbiyatuna: Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmiah Wacana : Jurnal Bahasa, Seni, dan Pengajaran Kode : Jurnal Bahasa Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research Jurnal Pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Educational Journal
Rizal, Moh. Ahsan Shohifur
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Humanities Computer Science & IT Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Public Health Other

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Representation of the phoneme [ŋ] at onset in Bahasa Indonesia speech as L3 in foreign speakers: A language typology perspective Kholiq, Abdul; Yulianto, Bambang; Suhartono, Suhartono; Susanto, Moh. Arif; Azizan, Yoga Rifqi; Rizal, Moh. Ahsan Shohifur
KEMBARA: Jurnal Keilmuan Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): April
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/kembara.v12i1.42265

Abstract

This study investigates the representation of the phoneme [ŋ] in the onset position of Bahasa Indonesia (BI) and the factors influencing its changes among foreign speakers learning BI as a third language (L3). It employed a qualitative approach. Five BIPA students served as subjects. Their L1 and L2 typological proximity to BI was determined by language-family classification. Data were collected through elicitation and interviews, and analysis involved comparing the representation of the phoneme [ŋ] in subjects' speech with standard BI speech. Results show that the representation of the phoneme [ŋ] in the onset position by subjects whose L1 is typologically close to BI aligns with standard BI speech. This is attributed to their L1 having a similar phonological system to BI. Conversely, for foreign speakers whose L1 and L2 are typologically distant from BI, their phonological systems exhibit differences in speech compared to standard BI. In the speech of these subjects, the representation of [ŋ] in the onset position shows specific alterations. These include: 1) the epenthesis of [g] after [ŋ]; and 2) the shifting of [ŋ] from the onset to the coda of the preceding syllable, with the original onset position then being replaced by [g]. Two factors influence these changes: 1) the phonological systems of L1 and L2 lack [ŋ] in the onset position, though they permit it in medial and final positions; and 2) foreign speakers misinterpret the /ng/ form as a sequence of [n] and [g] ([n-g]), which leads to pronunciation errors.
Co-Authors A'la, Istiqomatul Abdul Kholiq Ahmadi , Anas Awaliyah, Novi Imroatul Azizan, Yoga Rifqi Bambang Yulianto Iktisah, Ensadetha Jamila, Isnaini Fauzia Kholik, Kholik Moh. Arif Susanto Nur Azizah Suhartono Umam, Mochammad Mushoddakul Vania, Eka Putri