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Nurmala, Sukma
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“Silence is Golden:” Explaining the Silent Majority Based on Fatalism, Culture, and National Attachments Mashuri, Ali; Nurmala, Sukma; Zaduqisti, Esti
Psychological Research on Urban Society Vol. 8, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Why do citizens tend to be silent about a country’s social, political, or economic problems? The silent majority refers to most members of society not support or engage in collective action to protest injustice. This study aimed to explain the silent majority’s psychosocial dynamics and fill the research gaps in the psychology literature that focuses on collective action and its determining factors. The study’s participants (N = 349), recruited using convenience sampling, were undergraduate and graduate students from several universities in Indonesia. In our study, the psychosocial characteristics of the silent majority included fatalism, cultural dimensions (i.e., power distance, uncertainty avoidance, collectivism, and masculinity), and national attachments (i.e., national identification and nationalism). Fatalism was the most significant predictor of the silent majority, with substantial mediating effects on the role of cultural dimensions in strengthening the silent majority. The findings revealed that nationalism significantly moderated the relationship between fatalism and the silent majority. Specifically, the positive relationship between fatalism and the silent majority was significantly stronger among participants with high, rather than low, levels of nationalism. These observations imply that fatalistic beliefs, the cultural characteristics of society’s members, and national pride underlie the psychosocial dynamics of the silent majority.
“We Should Keep Fighting”: How Beliefs About Collective Action Success and Social Identity Process Fuel Future Activism Mashuri, Ali; Zaduqisti, Esti; Nurmala, Sukma
Psikologika: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Penelitian Psikologi Vol. 31 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

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The significance of social-psychological factors in reinforcing activism over time has been highlighted within collective action research. Against this backdrop, this research investigated the relationships among moral conviction, perceived intergroup threats, variables specified within the Social Identity Model of Collective Action (SIMCA; van Zomeren et al., 2008; i.e., politicized identification, perceived injustice, collective efficacy), internal attribution of collective action success, and people’s willingness to engage in future collective action. To this end, we recruited a sample of 410 Indonesian participants through a correlational survey. Data were analyzed using a path model, and the results revealed that such an internal attribution was a positive predictor of future collective action and mediated the effects of the SIMCA variables on it. The subsequent findings revealed the roles of moral conviction and perceived intergroup threats in explaining the SIMCA variables, implying that ethical commitment and perceived threats contribute to heightened politicized identification, perceptions of injustice, and collective efficacy. These findings provide empirical support for the relevance of multi-level modes of people’s willingness to engage in future collective action, highlighting the crucial roles of the internal and external driving factors.
Co-Authors Ali Mashuri Ali Mashuri Arifin, Haykal Hafizul Esti Zaduqisti Khairunnisa, St Nabilah Kurniawan, Aryodi Wahyu Lamuri, Aly Mustikawati, Inka Nugraheni, Ayu Jesika Rizkiyatsa, Arga Yuliezar Perwira Dara, Yuliezar Perwira