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Handini, Retno
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PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA AIR BERKELANJUTAN DI BALI BAGIAN SELATAN Nastiti, Titi Surti; Geria, I Made; Winaya, Atina; Juliawati, Ni Putu Eka; Sofian, Harry Octavianus; Handini, Retno; Suarbhawa, I Gusti Made; Wibowo, Unggul; Windia, I Wayan; Suyarto
AMERTA Vol. 40 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Penerbit BRIN (BRIN Publishing)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/amt.2022.18

Abstract

Abstrak. Berdasarkan sumber prasasti, diketahui bahwa kearifan lokal masyarakat Bali dalam mengelola sumber daya air setidaknya telah ada sejak abad ke-11. Adapun pertanian dengan sistem subak muncul sejak abad ke-8. Pengelolaan sumber daya air dalam masyarakat Bali berpijak pada pemuliaan air dan alam sekitarnya yang berpedoman pada konsep Tri Hita Karana yang terdiri atas Parhyangan, Pawongan, dan Palemahan. Parhyangan berkenaan dengan kepercayaan pemuliaan air melalui upacara ritual. Pawongan berkenaan dengan warga desa adat yang mengelola sumber daya air sesuai aturan yang disepakati (awig-awig). Kemudian palemahan berkenaan dengan pengelolaan tata ruang yang mempertimbangkan resapan air, pemuliaan vegetasi, pengaturan pola hunian, dan keselarasannya dengan sumber air. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi nilai-nilai kearifan di dalam pengelolaan sumber daya air di Bali beserta status keberlanjutannya. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan, survei, analisis deskriptif, serta analisis keberlanjutan dengan metode Multi-Dimensional Scalling (MDS). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa status keberlanjutan pengelolaan air mempunyai nilai relatif tinggi pada dimensi sosial-budaya dan nilai relatif rendah pada dimensi ekonomi-ekologi. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan perbaikan melalui strategi kebijakan guna menyelaraskan setiap dimensi pembangunan berkelanjutan agar peradaban pengelolaan air di Bali, khususnya di Bali Selatan, dapat berlangsung optimal. Kata kunci: pengelolaan air, budaya berkelanjutan, Bali Abstract. Sustainable Water Resources Management in South Bali. The ancient Bali inscriptions inform that the Balinese people had developed water management based on their local wisdom since at least the 11th century. The agricultural irrigation system called Subak has existed even further since the 8th century. The water management system in Balinese society accentuates revering and honoring the water and its natural surroundings by applying the Tri Hita Karana concept in everyday life, which consists of Parhyangan, Pawongan, and Palemahan. Parhyangan is related to the belief in revering the water through ritual ceremonies. Pawongan is associated with the traditional village residents who managed water resources following agreed rules (awig-awig). Finally, Palemahan is related to spatial management by considering water conservation areas, vegetation areas, and occupancy areas with its water source’s sustainability. The study aims to identify the local knowledge in water management practices and determine the continuity status of its constancy. The data collection uses literature study, survey, descriptive analysis, and Multi-Dimensional Scaling analysis. The results represent that the sustainability status of water management has a relatively high score in the social-culture dimension. In contrast, it has a relatively low score in the economy and ecology dimensions. Therefore, it needs policy strategies to balance every extent of Bali’s water management so it can be optimized, especially in the South Bali area. Keywords: water management, cultural sustainability, Bali
TRADISI PEMBIATAN KABIT DARI KULIT KAYU PADA SUKU MENTAWAI, SUMATERA BARAT Handini, Retno
AMERTA Vol. 25 No. 1 (2007)
Publisher : Penerbit BRIN (BRIN Publishing)

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ABSTRAK. Selain tato yang menghiasi seluruh tubuh, cawat yang dibuat dari kulit kayu, yang dikenal dengan nama lokal kabit, merupakan salah satu identitas Suku Mentawai di Sumatra Barat. Kabit ini dahulu merupakan pakaian sehari-hari mereka, akan tetapi saat ini, hanya saman (sikerey) atau orang yang sedang berburu yang memakainya. Cawat ini dibuat dari kulit kayu pohon besar, yang dipukul-pukul dengan pemukul kayu (panasalat), kemudian digunakan setelah selesai disiapkan. Di kalangan Suku Mentawai, kabit sebagai pakaian kulit kayu telah menjadi tradisi panjang mereka sejak masa prasejarah hingga saat ini. Pakaian kulit kayu tidak pernah ditemukan dari situs-situs neolitik, tentu saja karena telah lapuk, tetapi melalui penemuan-penemuan pemukul kulit kayu yang dibuat dari batu di Situs Minanga Sipakko (Sulawesi Selatan) dan beberapa situs di Kalimantan, merupakan bukti dari pemakaian pakaian kulit kayu ini pada periode neolitik. Oleh karenanya, pembuatan cawat (kabit) di kalangan Suku Mentawai merupakan sebuah jendela masa lalu untuk melihat ke belakang, bagaimana manusia prasejarah membuat pakaian kulit kayu mereka pada sekitar 4.000 tahun yang lalu. Katakunci: Mentawai, Pakaian Kulit Kayu, Identitas, Prasejarah, Etnoarkeologi ABSTRACT. The Tradition of Bark Cloth Kabit (Loin Cloth) Making at Mentawai, West Sumatera. Apart from tattoos that decorated the whole body, the loincloth made from a tree bark known as kabit, is one of strong identities of the tribe of Mentawai in West Sumatra. This kabit was formerly used to be their daily cloth, but recently, only a shaman (sikerey) or hunting people wearing this bark cloth. It is made of a bark of a big tree, beaten by a beater called panasalat, then used simplify when it is prepared. The existence of this kabit as a kind of bark cloth among the people of Mentawai is a long tradition from their prehistoric ancestor that still survives up to the present day. This bark cloth was never discovered from the Neolithic sites, certainly because of decaying process, but the occasionally discovery of its beaters, made from the stone in Minanga Sipakko (South Sulawesi) and some sites in Kalimantan, proved their utilization during the period of Neolithic. For this reason, the making of loincloth, kabit, among the Mentawai people is a window to look at how the prehistoric man made their bark cloth some 4,000 years ago. Keyword: Mentawai, Bark-cloth, Identity, Prehistory, Etnoarchaeology.
SITUS LAMBANAPU: DIASPORA AUSTRONESIA DI SUMBA TIMUR Handini, Retno; Simanjuntak, Truman; Sofian, Harry Octavianus; Prasetyo, Bagyo; Artaria, Myrtati Dyah; Wibowo, Unggul Prasetyo; Geria, I Made
AMERTA Vol. 36 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Penerbit BRIN (BRIN Publishing)

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Abstract. Lambanapu Site: Diaspora Austronesia In East Sumba. The research at Lambanapu Site aims to determine the position of Lambanapu in the distribution and development of Austronesian ancestors and their culture in Sumba. The method used is survey, excavation, analysis, and interpretation. The results of the research are skeletal findings and urn burial also artifacts which are pottery, beads, metal jewelry, and stone tools. From the dating result it is known that Lambanapu Site was inhabited at least 2.000 years ago and from paleantropology analysis, it is estimated that the individuals found from primary and secondary burial in Lambanapu are a mixture of Mongoloid and Australomelanesoid. Genetic mixing is very possible, given the history of the archipelago's occupation which was filled by several waves of great migration in the past. The Lambanapu site has provided an overview of Sumba's ancestral life in the context of the archipelago. The Lamabanapu research results show us, how Lambanapu and Sumba in general rich with historical and cultural values of the past that are very useful for today's life. The wealth of historical and cultural values is not only for local interests, but also to fill the rich history and culture of the archipelago, and even contribute to global history. Keywords: Lambanapu, prehistoric, Austronesian Abstrak. Penelitian di Situs Lambanapu bertujuan untuk mengetahui posisi Lambanapu dalam persebaran dan perkembangan leluhur Austronesia dan budayanya di Sumba. Metode yang dilakukan adalah survei, ekskavasi, analisis, dan interpretasi. Hasil penelitian berupa temuan rangka dan kubur tempayan serta artefak berupa gerabah, manik-manik, perhiasan logam, dan alat batu. Dari hasil pertanggalan diketahui bahwa setidaknya Situs Lambanapu telah dihuni 2.000 tahun yang lalu. Hasil analisis paleoantropologi diperkirakan individu yang ditemukan di Lambanapu, baik kubur primer maupun sekunder, merupakan percampuran antara Mongoloid dan Australomelanesoid. Percampuran genetika memang sangat memungkinkan terjadi mengingat sejarah hunian Nusantara yang terisi oleh beberapa gelombang migrasi besar pada masa lampau. Situs Lambanapu telah memberikan gambaran kehidupan leluhur Sumba dalam konteks Nusantara. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan betapa Lambanapu dan Sumba pada umumnya memiliki kekayaan nilai sejarah dan budaya masa lampau yang sangat bermanfaat bagi kehidupan masa kini. Kekayaan nilai sejarah dan budayanya tidak hanya untuk kepentingan lokal, tetapi juga untuk mengisi kekayaan sejarah dan budaya Nusantara, bahkan kontribusi bagi sejarah global. Kata Kunci: Lambanapu, prasejarah, Austronesia
GEOLOGICAL APPROACH IN ORDER TO DISTINGUISH THE PREFERENCE SOURCE OF THE RAW MATERIAL FROM THE MEGALITHIC TOMBS IN EAST SUMBA, INDONESIA Wibowo, Unggul Prasetyo; Handini, Retno; Simanjuntak, Truman; Sofian, Harry Octavianus; Maulana, Sandy
AMERTA Vol. 36 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Penerbit BRIN (BRIN Publishing)

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Abstract. Pulau Sumba sudah lama dikenal dengan tradisi makam megalitiknya yang dijumpai tersebar hampir di semua area di Sumba. Makam megalitik ini dibangun dari potongan-potongan batuan berukuran besar. Berdasarkan aspek geologi, penelitian ini mencoba untuk mencari tahu  asal batuan bahan pembuat makam megalitik dan apa yang menjadi alasan untuk memilih suatu batuan untuk bahan makam megalitik. Metode yang digunakan meliputi beberapa tahap. Tahap pertama merupakan pendeskripsian sampel di lapangan. Tahap kedua, analisis geologi digunakan untuk memetakan titik-titik observasi dan singkapan batuan di lapangan. Tahap ketiga, variabel hasil pengamatan kemudian dianalisa menggunakan metode Principle Components Analysis (PCA). Empat variabel digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu: variabel jarak dari sumber, variabel litologi, variabel tekstur, dan variabel tingkat kekerasan. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa tekstur batuan merupakan pertimbangan utama dalam memilih jenis batuan untuk bahan makam megalitik. Jarak dan tingat kekerasan batuannya juga menjadi alasan penting lainnya dalam mengambil bahan material untuk makam megalitik terlepas apapun jenis batunya. Secara geologi bahan batuan berasal dari batugamping Formasi Kaliangga dan batupasir Formasi Kananggar.  Kata kunci: Makam megalitik, Sumba Timur, Bahan baku, Geologi   Abstract. Sumba is well known for its megalithic tradition, surviving evidence for which can be observed throughout the island in the form of tombs built from enormous stone slabs. The current study is aimed at identifying the sources of the raw material used to manufacture megalithic tombs and factors underlying the choice of raw material based on geological properties. We report the results of our field observations and geological analyses, including mapping of megalithic tomb sites and geological outcrops. Concerning the latter, field-datasets were analysed using a Principle Components Analysis (PCA). Based on a sample of 11 megalithic tombs from several different locations, four variables were employed to distinguish the preferred source of the raw material used in tomb construction: 1) distance from the source; 2) lithology; 3) rock texture; and 4) rock hardness. Analytical results indicate that raw material texture was the key factor in the construction of megalithic tombs, followed by distance from source and hardness of the stone selected for making this structures. Finally, we establish that raw materials used for constructing sampled megalithic tomb sites on Sumba included Kaliangga Formation limestone and Kananggar Formation sandstone. Keywords: Megalithic tombs, East Sumba, Raw material, Geology 
KUBUR BATU SEBAGAI IDENTITAS DIRI MASYARAKAT SUMBA: BUKTI KEBERLANJUTAN BUDAYA MEGALITIK DI ANAKALANG, SUMBA TENGAH Handini, Retno
AMERTA Vol. 37 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Penerbit BRIN (BRIN Publishing)

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Abstract. The study of the stone grave in Anakalang aims to find out the position of the stone grave in the Sumba community. The research methods carried out were participation observation, in-depth interviews, and literature studies. In-depth interview techniques were carried out on key informants, namely traditional elders, marapu leaders (rato), leaders of tengi watu (paaung watu), and the organizers of the pulling stone ritual. The results of the study show that the stone grave is a key artifact that has served as the identity of the Sumba people since hundreds of years ago. The stone grave in Anakalang has an irreplaceable function to date even though it began to be known as cement graves. The establishment of stone graves and the ritual of pulling stones are united in the daily lives of the Anakalang people with a background of religious conceptions which are seen as ancestral heritage that must be held firmly. The variety of megalithic cultures on Sumba has penetrated the time period in a theoretical way, and continues to this day as a tradition. Sacrifice, dedication, and respect for ancestors is the answer to why Sumba people, especially Anakalang, still maintain the existence of stone graves. Keywords: stone grave, megalithic, Anakalang, Sumba Abstrak. Penelitian kubur batu di Anakalang bertujuan untuk mengetahui posisi kubur batu pada masyarakat Sumba. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah observasi partisipasi, wawancara mendalam, dan studi pustaka. Teknik wawancara mendalam dilakukan terhadap para informan kunci, yakni tetua/tokoh adat, pemimpin marapu (rato), pemimpin tengi watu (paaung watu), dan pihak penyelenggara ritual tarik batu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kubur batu adalah artefak kunci yang berperan sebagai identitas diri masyarakat Sumba sejak ratusan tahun lalu sampai sekarang. Kubur batu di Anakalang memiliki fungsi yang tidak tergantikan sampai saat ini meski mulai dikenal kubur dari semen. Pendirian kubur batu dan ritual tarik batu menyatu dalam keseharian masyarakat Anakalang dengan latar belakang konsepsi religi yang dipandang sebagai warisan nenek moyang yang harus dipegang teguh. Ragam budaya megalitik di Sumba telah menembus batas periode waktu secara teoretis dan berlangsung hingga kini sebagai sebuah tradisi. Pengorbanan, dedikasi, dan rasa hormat pada leluhur adalah jawaban mengapa masyarakat Sumba, khususnya Anakalang, tetap mempertahankan keberadaan kubur batu. Kata kunci: kubur batu, megalitik, Anakalang, Sumba
PERTANGGALAN ABSOLUT SITUS KUBUR KALANG : SIGNIFIKASINYA BAGI PERIODISASI KUBUR PETI BATU DI DAERAH BOJONEGORO DAN TUBAN, JAWA TIMUR Handini, Retno
Berkala Arkeologi Vol. 23 No. 2 (2003)
Publisher : BRIN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30883/jba.v23i2.873

Abstract

Our absolute dating for the Kubur Kalang culture is the first date obtained from this cultural group. The results show the numbers 1420 AD to 1620 AD. This means that the Kalang Burials in Bojonegoro is a prehistoric tradition, which is still practiced by a group of people. If this dates are applied in the historical framework in Java, the oldest number (1420 AD) will fall to the reign of Bhre Hyang Purwawicesa as one of the kings in the Girindrawardhana dynasty from the end of the Majapahit kingdom period, while the youngest figure (1620 AD) will refer to the middle of the Sultan Agung's reign from the Islamic Mataram kingdom. The implication is that the supporter of Kubur Kalang culture in Bojonegoro could be the burial of common people when Hindu culture has entered and developed in Indonesia, such as indicated by Stutterheim, or even during the reign of Sultan Agung.
DISTRIBUSI DAN KARAKTER SITUS-SITUS NEOLITIK DI KECAMATAN BANTARKALONG DAN KARANGNUNGGAL, TASIKMALAYA, JAWA BARAT Handini, Retno
Berkala Arkeologi Vol. 19 No. 2 (1999)
Publisher : BRIN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30883/jba.v19i2.819

Abstract

The pattern of workshop sites from the neolithic culture which is located not far from the river--and especially in Bantarkalong and Karangnunggal Subdistricts along with the technological character--reminds us of other similar sites such as the stone bracelet workshop sites in Limbasari and Ponjen (Purbalingga) areas, which are generally also near streams. This can be understood, because at that time, rivers played a very important role for human life, both for transportation and for meeting their daily water needs, so that their shelter was always strived to be close to water sources. Especially during the Neolithic era, they have started to apply farming methods, so that the need for water is very high.
GUA BRAHOLO: KARAKTER HUNIAN MIKRO PADA AWAL KALA HOLOSEN DI GUNUNG SEWU Handini, Retno; Widianto, Harry
Berkala Arkeologi Vol. 19 No. 1 (1999)
Publisher : BRIN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30883/jba.v19i1.790

Abstract

Located in Semugih Village, Rongkop District, Gunung Kidul Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region Province, Braholo Cave is one of the prehistoric settlement caves located in the karst mountain range of Gunung Sewu. This cave was discovered by the Prehistoric Division of the National Archaeological Research Center, when a survey was carried out throughout the Mount Sewu area in 1996. Dozens of caves were found in the western part of this mountain and one of them is the Braholo Cave, which was then followed up by carrying out excavations in 1997 and 1998.
SONG KEPLEK: OKUPASI INTENSIF MANUSIA PADA PERIODE PASCA-PLESTOSEN DI GUNUNG SEWU Handini, Retno; Widianto, Harry
Berkala Arkeologi Vol. 18 No. 2 (1998)
Publisher : BRIN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30883/jba.v18i2.785

Abstract

Song Keplek is a cave located in the Southern Mountains of Java, which is traditionally known as Gunung Sewu. This area that extends from west (Wonosari) to east (Pacitan) has its own distinctive morphological landscape, which is characterized by sinoid-shaped karst hills. On one of these hilly slopes - which is administratively included in the area of Pagersari Village, Punung District, Pacitan Regency - Song Keplek is located, about 300 meters southwest of the Wonogiri - Pacitan highway.
Co-Authors Harry Octavianus Sofian, Harry Octavianus I Gusti Made Suarbhawa, I Gusti Made I Made Geria, I Made I WAYAN WINDIA Maulana, Sandy Myrtati Dyah Artaria, Myrtati Dyah Ni Putu Eka Juliawati, Ni Putu Eka Prasetyo, Bagyo Simanjuntak, Truman Suyarto Titi Surti Nastiti, Titi Surti Unggul Prasetyo Wibowo, Unggul Prasetyo Wibowo, Unggul Widianto, Harry Winaya, Atina