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I Made Geria, I Made
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OPTIONS FOR JOINT ARCHAEOLOGICAL, ETHNO-ARCHAEOLOGICAL, AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN PAPUA Vanhaeren, Marian; Geria, I Made; Sudarmika, Gusti Made; Suroto, Hari; Kondologlt, Enrico; Schiefenhoevel, Wulf
AMERTA Vol. 40 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Penerbit BRIN (BRIN Publishing)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/amt.2022.16

Abstract

Abstrak. Opsi untuk Penelitian Arkeologi Bersama, Ethno-Arkeologi dan Antropologi di Papua. Papua memiliki potensi arkeologi yang besar, serta masih dijumpai tradisi prasejarah yang masih berlangsung hingga saat ini. Provinsi Papua dan Papua Barat menawarkan kesempatan yang sangat menarik untuk penelitian interdisipliner di bidang prasejarah dan keragaman budaya. Temuan arkeologis menunjukkan bahwa manusia mendiami bagian timur New Guinea sekitar 40.000-50.000 tahun yang lalu. Karena imigrasi utama kemungkinan besar terjadi dari barat Pulau New Guinea dihuni lebih awal. Penelitian arkeologi dan terkait sejauh ini hanya menetapkan beberapa situs dan bukti-bukti lain dari hunian awal manusia prasejarah di Papua Nugini. Tulisan ini bertujuan menggambarkan potensi penelitian arkeologi, antropologi, etnografi di Papua dan menyebutkan secara khusus penelitian arkeologi dan etnoarkeologi di Kabupaten Pegunungan Bintang, di wilayah suku Mek dan Ok. Metode penelitian dalam tulisan ini yaitu studi pustaka, survei, ekskavasi dan pendekatan etnoarkeologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pegunungan Papua menjadi pusat pertanian awal di dunia. Hingga saat ini masih dijumpai tradisi prasejarah di Papua yaitu pembuatan kapak batu, alat tulang dan tradisi megalitik. Tradisi prasejarah ini dijumpai di wilayah pegunungan dan pesisir. Penelitian, pertanggalan absolut situs dan publikasi arkeologi Papua masih sedikit jika dibandingkan dengan Papua Nugini. Hal ini menjadi potensi ke depan untuk melakukan penelitian dan publikasi bersama. Kata kunci: Etnografi, prasejarah, warisan budaya, rumah peradaban   Abstract. With its prehistoric tradition still found to this present day, Papua is considered to have high archaeological potential. Papua and West Papua Provinces offer particularly interesting opportunities for interdisciplinary research in prehistory and cultural diversity. Archaeological findings show that humans inhabited the eastern half of New Guinea (NG) at least 40,000–50,000 years ago. As primary immigration most likely happened from west to east, the western half of the island of NG must have been inhabited even earlier. Archaeological and related research has established only a few sites and other signs of early human occupancy in the Indonesian part of NG. This review describes the potential of archaeological, anthropological, and ethnographic research in the Indonesian Papuan Provinces and specifically discusses recent ethnographic, archaeological, and ethno-archaeological work carried out in the Star Mountain Regency among the Mek and the Ok. The research methods employed in this research were literature review, survey, excavation, and ethnoarchaeological approaches. The findings show that Papuan highlands became one of the earliest centres of horticulture. Until now, there are still prehistoric traditions found in Papua, such as stone adzes, bone tools, and megalithic traditions. These prehistoric traditions are easily found in the highlands and coastal areas. Research sites absolute dating, and archaeological publication related to Papua is still considered low compared to PNG. Many facets of Papuan cultural diversity are still to be discovered for future research and collaborative publication.   Keywords: Ethnography, prehistory, cultural heritage, rumah peradaban  
PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA AIR BERKELANJUTAN DI BALI BAGIAN SELATAN Nastiti, Titi Surti; Geria, I Made; Winaya, Atina; Juliawati, Ni Putu Eka; Sofian, Harry Octavianus; Handini, Retno; Suarbhawa, I Gusti Made; Wibowo, Unggul; Windia, I Wayan; Suyarto
AMERTA Vol. 40 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Penerbit BRIN (BRIN Publishing)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/amt.2022.18

Abstract

Abstrak. Berdasarkan sumber prasasti, diketahui bahwa kearifan lokal masyarakat Bali dalam mengelola sumber daya air setidaknya telah ada sejak abad ke-11. Adapun pertanian dengan sistem subak muncul sejak abad ke-8. Pengelolaan sumber daya air dalam masyarakat Bali berpijak pada pemuliaan air dan alam sekitarnya yang berpedoman pada konsep Tri Hita Karana yang terdiri atas Parhyangan, Pawongan, dan Palemahan. Parhyangan berkenaan dengan kepercayaan pemuliaan air melalui upacara ritual. Pawongan berkenaan dengan warga desa adat yang mengelola sumber daya air sesuai aturan yang disepakati (awig-awig). Kemudian palemahan berkenaan dengan pengelolaan tata ruang yang mempertimbangkan resapan air, pemuliaan vegetasi, pengaturan pola hunian, dan keselarasannya dengan sumber air. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi nilai-nilai kearifan di dalam pengelolaan sumber daya air di Bali beserta status keberlanjutannya. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan, survei, analisis deskriptif, serta analisis keberlanjutan dengan metode Multi-Dimensional Scalling (MDS). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa status keberlanjutan pengelolaan air mempunyai nilai relatif tinggi pada dimensi sosial-budaya dan nilai relatif rendah pada dimensi ekonomi-ekologi. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan perbaikan melalui strategi kebijakan guna menyelaraskan setiap dimensi pembangunan berkelanjutan agar peradaban pengelolaan air di Bali, khususnya di Bali Selatan, dapat berlangsung optimal. Kata kunci: pengelolaan air, budaya berkelanjutan, Bali Abstract. Sustainable Water Resources Management in South Bali. The ancient Bali inscriptions inform that the Balinese people had developed water management based on their local wisdom since at least the 11th century. The agricultural irrigation system called Subak has existed even further since the 8th century. The water management system in Balinese society accentuates revering and honoring the water and its natural surroundings by applying the Tri Hita Karana concept in everyday life, which consists of Parhyangan, Pawongan, and Palemahan. Parhyangan is related to the belief in revering the water through ritual ceremonies. Pawongan is associated with the traditional village residents who managed water resources following agreed rules (awig-awig). Finally, Palemahan is related to spatial management by considering water conservation areas, vegetation areas, and occupancy areas with its water source’s sustainability. The study aims to identify the local knowledge in water management practices and determine the continuity status of its constancy. The data collection uses literature study, survey, descriptive analysis, and Multi-Dimensional Scaling analysis. The results represent that the sustainability status of water management has a relatively high score in the social-culture dimension. In contrast, it has a relatively low score in the economy and ecology dimensions. Therefore, it needs policy strategies to balance every extent of Bali’s water management so it can be optimized, especially in the South Bali area. Keywords: water management, cultural sustainability, Bali
SITUS LAMBANAPU: DIASPORA AUSTRONESIA DI SUMBA TIMUR Handini, Retno; Simanjuntak, Truman; Sofian, Harry Octavianus; Prasetyo, Bagyo; Artaria, Myrtati Dyah; Wibowo, Unggul Prasetyo; Geria, I Made
AMERTA Vol. 36 No. 2 (2018)
Publisher : Penerbit BRIN (BRIN Publishing)

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Abstract. Lambanapu Site: Diaspora Austronesia In East Sumba. The research at Lambanapu Site aims to determine the position of Lambanapu in the distribution and development of Austronesian ancestors and their culture in Sumba. The method used is survey, excavation, analysis, and interpretation. The results of the research are skeletal findings and urn burial also artifacts which are pottery, beads, metal jewelry, and stone tools. From the dating result it is known that Lambanapu Site was inhabited at least 2.000 years ago and from paleantropology analysis, it is estimated that the individuals found from primary and secondary burial in Lambanapu are a mixture of Mongoloid and Australomelanesoid. Genetic mixing is very possible, given the history of the archipelago's occupation which was filled by several waves of great migration in the past. The Lambanapu site has provided an overview of Sumba's ancestral life in the context of the archipelago. The Lamabanapu research results show us, how Lambanapu and Sumba in general rich with historical and cultural values of the past that are very useful for today's life. The wealth of historical and cultural values is not only for local interests, but also to fill the rich history and culture of the archipelago, and even contribute to global history. Keywords: Lambanapu, prehistoric, Austronesian Abstrak. Penelitian di Situs Lambanapu bertujuan untuk mengetahui posisi Lambanapu dalam persebaran dan perkembangan leluhur Austronesia dan budayanya di Sumba. Metode yang dilakukan adalah survei, ekskavasi, analisis, dan interpretasi. Hasil penelitian berupa temuan rangka dan kubur tempayan serta artefak berupa gerabah, manik-manik, perhiasan logam, dan alat batu. Dari hasil pertanggalan diketahui bahwa setidaknya Situs Lambanapu telah dihuni 2.000 tahun yang lalu. Hasil analisis paleoantropologi diperkirakan individu yang ditemukan di Lambanapu, baik kubur primer maupun sekunder, merupakan percampuran antara Mongoloid dan Australomelanesoid. Percampuran genetika memang sangat memungkinkan terjadi mengingat sejarah hunian Nusantara yang terisi oleh beberapa gelombang migrasi besar pada masa lampau. Situs Lambanapu telah memberikan gambaran kehidupan leluhur Sumba dalam konteks Nusantara. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan betapa Lambanapu dan Sumba pada umumnya memiliki kekayaan nilai sejarah dan budaya masa lampau yang sangat bermanfaat bagi kehidupan masa kini. Kekayaan nilai sejarah dan budayanya tidak hanya untuk kepentingan lokal, tetapi juga untuk mengisi kekayaan sejarah dan budaya Nusantara, bahkan kontribusi bagi sejarah global. Kata Kunci: Lambanapu, prasejarah, Austronesia
SUBAK SEBAGAI BENTENG KONSERVASI PERADABAN BALI Geria, I Made; Sumardjo; Sutjahjo, Surjono H.; Widiatmaka; Kurniawan, Rachman
AMERTA Vol. 37 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Penerbit BRIN (BRIN Publishing)

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Abstract. Subak as Bali Civilization Fortress. The degradation of nature has potential to weaken the harmony between humans and their environment in a number of subak. Subak culture is only effective at the level of the superstructure, but the level of implementation is that subak have begun to be degraded due to land conversion, transfer of professions, poor economies, and young people who do not want to continue subak tradition. The purpose of this research is to see the existence of subak civilization then creates the policy strategy to develop Subak’s role as an ecological civilization tourism destination. The effectiveness method was used to see the existence of subak and AWOT Method as subak developing strategy to an ecoculture-tourism. Based on the results of effectiveness analysis and AWOT, it shows that subak culture as Bali civilization at the superstructure level is still exists and strong. However, at implementation level, there had been a weakening especially in urban areas. The implementation and preservation of the Sarbagita community based on the three components study was quite effective even for the superstructure component into a very effective category with an effectiveness value of 83.84%. So the components of the superstructure need to be maintained as a fortress of civilization in Sarbagita. However, the components of the social structure and infrastructure had quite low values, which are 59.55 percent and 50.32 percent respectively, which was included in the effective category but located in critical value. So it needs to improve level of social structure and infrastructure so that the three components of the subak civilization run effectively. Keywords: AWOT, subak civilization, effectiveness Abstrak. Degradasi alam berpotensi melemahkan harmonisasi antara manusia dan lingkungannya di sejumlah subak. Budaya subak hanya efektif pada tingkat suprastruktur, tetapi dalam implementasinya subak telah mulai terdegradasi karena konversi lahan, pengalihan profesi, ekonomi miskin, dan kaum muda yang tidak ingin melanjutkannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat keberadaan peradaban subak, kemudian strategi kebijakan dalam mengembangkan peran subak sebagai tujuan wisata peradaban ekologis. Metode efektivitas digunakan untuk melihat keberadaan subak dan metode AWOT sebagai strategi pengembangan subak untuk wisata peradaban ekologi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis efektifitas dan AWOT menunjukkan bahwa budaya subak sebagai peradaban Bali di tingkat suprastruktur masih ada dan kuat. Namun, pada level implementasi telah terjadi pelemahan, terutama di daerah perkotaan. Pelaksanaan dan pelestarian masyarakat Sarbagita berdasarkan tiga komponen (sebutkan komponennya) yang diteliti efektif bahkan untuk komponen superstruktur masuk kedalam kategori sangat efektif dengan nilai efektivitas sebesar 83.84%. Sehingga komponen superstruktur perlu dipertahankan sebagai benteng peradaban di Sarbagita. Namun untuk komponen struktur sosial dan infrastruktur mempunyai nilai cukup rendah yaitu berturut-turut 59.55 persen dan 50.32 persen yang termasuk dalam kategori efektif tetapi berada pada titik kritis. Sehingga perlu dilakukan perbaikan pada tataran struktur sosial dan infrastruktur agar ketiga komponen peradaban subak berjalan efektif. Kata Kunci: AWOT, peradaban subak, efektivitas
Co-Authors Handini, Retno Handini, Retno Hari Suroto, Hari Harry Octavianus Sofian, Harry Octavianus I Gusti Made Suarbhawa, I Gusti Made I WAYAN WINDIA Kondologlt, Enrico Kurniawan, Rachman Kurniawan, Rachman Myrtati Dyah Artaria, Myrtati Dyah Ni Putu Eka Juliawati, Ni Putu Eka Prasetyo, Bagyo Prasetyo, Bagyo Schiefenhoevel, Wulf Simanjuntak, Truman Simanjuntak, Truman Sudarmika, Gusti Made Sumardjo Surjono H. Sutjahjo Suyarto Titi Surti Nastiti, Titi Surti Unggul Prasetyo Wibowo, Unggul Prasetyo Vanhaeren, Marian Wibowo, Unggul Widiatmaka Winaya, Atina