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All Journal English Review: Journal of English Education Narra J Sulawesi Tenggara Educational Journal Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia
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Journal : Narra J

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Phenotypical and molecular assessments on the pharmacological effects of curcumin in Drosophila melanogaster Rumata, Nur R.; Purwaningsih, Dewi; Asbah, Asbah; As’ad, Muh. Fadhil; Chadran, Deepak; Emran, Talha B.; Nainu, Firzan
Narra J Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): August 2023
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v3i2.117

Abstract

Curcumin, a dietary polyphenol derived from turmeric's rhizome, exhibits a range of pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects. It has been investigated for its therapeutic potential in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) due to its ability to inhibit nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), modulate oxidative stress, impact cell viability, and regulate gene expression. However, most studies have been limited to in vitro conditions. To address this gap, we conducted in vivo experiments using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster to explore the antioxidant activities and biological significance of curcumin. Several parameters were assessed using different assays, including curcumin toxicity assay, fly survival, locomotor response to curcumin treatment (with or without cigarette smoke), trypan blue staining, larval crawling assays, and gene expression analysis. Our data revealed no significant differences in toxicity and locomotor tests across various curcumin concentrations. D. melanogaster tolerated curcumin at concentrations of 0.5 µM, 5 µM, 50 µM, and 500 µM, suggesting its safety without negatively impacting locomotor. Furthermore, curcumin at 5 µM extended the lifespan of D. melanogasterexposed to cigarette smoke, while reversing the negative effects of smoke exposure on gut cell viability and larval locomotor activity. In conclusion, curcumin administration appeared safe for D. melanogaster, with potential benefits for longevity and locomotory function. These findings support the idea that curcumin possesses in vivo antioxidant properties and may serve as a promising pharmacological agent. However, further study is needed to explore its potential applications in human health and disease management, particularly in the context of COPD.
Curcumin-mediated alleviation of dextran-induced leaky gut in Drosophila melanogaster Khaerani, Mufliha; Chaeratunnisa, Rizkya; Salsabila, Annisa; Asbah, Asbah; Asri, Rangga M.; Shiratsuchi, Akiko; Nainu, Firzan
Narra J Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v4i1.743

Abstract

Aging is commonly characterized by a decline in the physiological functioning of the body organs, with one hallmark being the impairment of intestinal function, leading to increased intestinal permeability known as leaky gut. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of curcumin to prevent the development of leaky gut in Drosophila melanogaster utilizing the smurf fly method. In this study, flies aged 3–5 days underwent a 10-day dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) treatment to induce intestinal permeability, followed by a smurf assay using brilliant blue dye and locomotor testing the next day. Flies displaying the smurf phenotype were divided into four groups: untreated control and curcumin-treated (10 µM, 50 µM, and 250 µM). After 21 days of treatment, flies were reassessed for the smurf phenotype and underwent locomotor testing. On day 23, flies were subjected to RT-qPCR analysis. By inducing increased intestinal permeability through the administration of DSS, a higher proportion of flies exhibiting the smurf phenotype and a reduced survival rate in the DSS-treated group were observed. Such phenotypes were reversed, decreased number of flies displaying the smurf phenotype and improved fly survival, upon the incorporation of curcumin in the fly food at concentrations of 10, 50, and 250 µM. Subsequent molecular analysis revealed upregulated expression of sod1, cat, and pepck genes, while no significant changes were observed in the expression of sod2, indy, and srl genes following treatment with curcumin at high concentration. Overall, our findings provide insight into the potential effect of curcumin to alleviate the phenotypical features associated with DSS-induced leaky gut, possibly via the selective regulation of aging-related genes.
Anti-aging and immunomodulatory role of caffeine in Drosophila larvae Nainu, Firzan; Sartini, Sartini; Bahar, Muhammad A.; Asbah, Asbah; Rosa, Reski A.; Mudjahid, Mukarram; As'ad, Muhammad F.; Latada, Nadila P.
Narra J Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): August 2024
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v4i2.818

Abstract

Drug repurposing is a promising approach to identify new pharmacological indications for drugs that have already been established. However, there is still a limitation in the availability of a high-throughput in vivo preclinical system that is suitable for screening and investigating new pharmacological indications. The aim of this study was to introduce the application of Drosophila larvae as an in vivo platform to screen drug candidates with anti-aging and immunomodulatory activities. To determine whether Drosophila larvae can be utilized for assessing anti-aging and immunomodulatory activities, phenotypical and molecular assays were conducted using wildtype and mutant lines of Drosophila. The utilization of mutant lines (PGRP-LBΔ and Psh[1];;ModSP[KO]) mimics the autoinflammatory and immunodeficient conditions in humans, thereby enabling a thorough investigation of the effects of various compounds. The phenotypical assay was carried out using survival and locomotor observation in Drosophila larvae and adult flies. Meanwhile, the molecular assay was conducted using the RT-qPCR method. In vivo survival analysis revealed that caffeine was relatively safe for Drosophila larvae and exhibited the ability to extend Drosophila lifespan compared to the untreated controls, suggesting its anti-aging properties. Further analysis using the RT-qPCR method demonstrated that caffeine treatment induced transcriptional changes in the Drosophila larvae, particularly in the downstream of NF-κB and JAK-STAT pathways, two distinct immune-related pathways homologue to humans. In addition, caffeine enhanced the survival of Drosophila autoinflammatory model, further implying its immunosuppressive activity. Nevertheless, this compound had minimal to no effect on the survival of Staphylococcus aureus-infected wildtype and immunodeficient Drosophila, refuting its antibacterial and immunostimulant activities. Overall, our results suggest that the anti-aging and immunosuppressive activities of caffeine observed in Drosophila larvae align with those reported in mammalian model systems, emphasizing the suitability of Drosophila larvae as a model organism in drug repurposing endeavors, particularly for the screening of newly discovered chemical entities to assess their immunomodulatory activities before proceedings to investigations in mammalian animal models.
Exploring the antidiabetic potential of Sulawesi ethnomedicines: A study of Cordia myxa and Syzygium malaccense in a Drosophila model of hyperglycemia Nainu, Firzan; Bahar, Muhammad A.; Habibie, Habibie; Najib, Ahmad; Zubair, Muhammad S.; Arba, Muhammad; Asbah, Asbah; Mudjahid, Mukarram; Latada, Nadila P.; Filmaharani, Filmaharani; Putri, Annisa A.
Narra J Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v5i1.1712

Abstract

The escalating prevalence of diabetes represents a critical challenge to global health and quality of life. Indonesia, particularly the Sulawesi region, is home to a diverse array of endemic plants with potential as sources of novel antidiabetic compounds. However, traditional preclinical models for evaluating these candidates are limited by high costs and lengthy timelines. The aim of this study was to explore the antidiabetic potential of Cordia myxa and Syzygium malaccense extracts using Drosophila melanogaster as a novel, cost-effective and efficient in vivo model. Hyperglycemia was induced in D. melanogaster larvae through a high-sugar diet, and the plant extracts were incorporated into the larval diets at concentrations ranging from 0.3125% to 2.5%. Phenotypic parameters, including body size, body weight, crawling activity, and hemolymph glucose levels, were evaluated, and the expression of metabolism-related genes (dilp2, dilp5, and srl) was analyzed using RT-qPCR. This study found that C. myxa and S. malaccense extracts improved crawling activity and body size in hyperglycemic larvae. Notably, C. myxa extract significantly reduced hemolymph glucose levels (p<0.01), increased body weight (p<0.01), and upregulated the expression of metabolic genes such as dilp2 (p<0.001), dilp5 (p<0.001), and srl (p<0.0001). In contrast, S. malaccense extract showed less pronounced effects, highlighting the efficacy of C. myxa extract in alleviating hyperglycemia and restoring metabolic homeostasis. The study highlights that C. myxa extract demonstrated promising antidiabetic properties in the Drosophila model, underscoring the utility of this model for early-stage antidiabetic drug screening and supporting further preclinical investigation into the therapeutic potential of C. myxa for managing hyperglycemia.
Dual effects of Camellia sinensis and Andrographis paniculata on hyperglycemia and infection in Drosophila Nainu, Firzan; Sartini, Sartini; Subehan, Subehan; Sari, Dwi K.; Bahar, Muhammad A.; Mudjahid, Mukarram; Latada, Nadila P.; Asbah, Asbah; Hardiyanti, Widya; Pratama, Muhammad R.; Suhenro, Suhenro
Narra J Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v5i1.1972

Abstract

The coexistence of hyperglycemia and infectious diseases represents a critical global health challenge, particularly in resource-limited settings where it amplifies disease severity and complicates treatment approaches. Medicinal plants such as Camellia sinensis and Andrographis paniculata have gained recognition for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, making them promising candidates for addressing this double health burden. The aim of this study was to establish a preclinical model of hyperglycemia and infection (HI model) using Drosophila melanogaster and to investigate the therapeutic potential of C. sinensis and A. paniculata extracts in alleviating the burden associated with the HI condition. In this study, the HI model was established by simultaneously exposing D. melanogaster larvae to a high-concentration sucrose solution and Staphylococcus aureus for 24 hours. The larvae were then transferred to a high-sucrose diet supplemented with C. sinensis or A. paniculata extracts. Survival assays and molecular analyses were subsequently performed to evaluate the outcomes. Our findings revealed that the combination of hyperglycemia and infection significantly reduced survival rates in the Drosophila model. However, treatment with 1.25% C. sinensis and A. paniculata extracts notably improved survival, attributed to their antibacterial activity and regulation of key molecular pathways involved in immune responses, metabolic balance, and endogenous antioxidant defenses. These findings validate the utility of D. melanogaster as a model organism for investigating the double burden of HI. Furthermore, the study offers compelling evidence of the dual therapeutic potential of C. sinensis and A. paniculata in mitigating the detrimental effects of this condition. Overall, this research underscores the significant promise of plant-derived compounds in managing HI and paves the way for future studies to explore their underlying mechanisms and potential clinical applications.
Co-Authors Ahmad Najib Arba, Muhammad As'ad, Muhammad F. Asri, Rangga M. As’ad, Muh. Fadhil Bahar, Muhammad A. Chadran, Deepak Chaeratunnisa, Rizkya Daniel Happy Putra Dewi Purwaningsih Emran, Talha B. Filmaharani, Filmaharani Firzan Nainu Habibie Habibie Hardiyanti, Widya Hijril Ismail, Hijril Istianingsih, Sui Khaerani, Mufliha Latada, Nadila P. Latada, Nadila Pratiwi LUKMAN, LUKMAN Mu'arif, Ahmad Mudjahid, Mukarram Nur Rahma Rumata Pratama, Muhammad R. Putri, Annisa A. Rahmaniah, Rima Risfah Yulianty Rosa, Reski A. Rosa, Reski Amalia SALSABILA, ANNISA Sari, Dwi K. Sartini Sartini Shiratsuchi, Akiko Subehan, Subehan Suhenro, Suhenro Zubair, Muhammad S.